A study on the analytical modeling for warm hydro-mechanical deep drawing of lightweight materials

The warm hydroforming process has become an emerging technology in recent years to reduce the weight of automotive body structure and minimize the number of process steps. In this study, analytical models were developed to investigate the effects of process conditions such as temperature, hydraulic pressure, blank holder force and forming speed. The analytical model under hydro-mechanical deep drawing (HMD) condition was developed based on experimental results in the literatures. FE models were also developed to validate the analytic models. Then, the analytic model was validated through comparisons with both existing experimental results and FE results. The analytical model provided rapid and reasonably accurate results for the design of warm hydroforming process. Based on this analytic model, several parametric studies were performed regarding to the temperature, hydraulic pressure, blank holder force, and punch speed conditions. It was demonstrated that the process windows for a successful part forming could be rapidly predicted with a reasonable accuracy by the analytic model compared to lengthy and costly thermo-mechanical FEA or experimental trial and error.     

基于遗传算法的板料成形回弹工艺参数优化研究

研究了基于遗传算法的回弹优化模型的建立过程.以压边力和凸凹模间隙为优化变量,以板料变薄量为约束条件,以确定的回弹角度为目标函数,以DYNAFORM为目标函数求解器,建立了板料成形回弹控制的优化模型和优化系统.得到了满足工艺要求的压边力和凸凹模间隙,实现了板料成形过程的工艺参数优化,为板料成形工艺参数的优化提供了一个有效的途径.     

板料拉深变压边力系统

结合型号为HHP28-120双动薄板拉深液压机的现状，对原有下顶出缸的液压油路控制系统进行一系列改进，采用高精度比例溢流阀控制下顶出缸的压力和高精度传感器采集顶出缸油压。使原有下顶出缸在工控机控制下能够提供可控变化的压边力大小，进一步结合可实时测量真实压边力大小和摩擦系数的探针式传感器，以不同的变化率变化该处的压边力大小，最后通过分析研究变压边力对不同拉深成形性能评估参数的影响显著性，来判断最优变压边力的加载模式。     

汽车大型铝合金覆盖件的充液成形技术

铝合金覆盖件的应用是汽车轻量化的关键,但其制造难度较大。通过研究铝合金发动机罩外板的充液成形工艺过程,了解先进柔性技术在汽车领域应用的可行性。分析了工艺参数中液室压力与凸模行程匹配及压边力对板料减薄率的影响,从成形极限上判断零件无起皱、破裂现象的范围。获得最优的整形液室压力为12～20 MPa,压边力过小,板料不能充分塑性变形,压边力过大,板料易失稳破裂,最优的恒定压边力范围为1600～2000 k N。研究表明,采用板材充液成形柔性制造工艺,可降低噪音,无冲击线,且由于液室压力的作用,滑移线减小,可提高大型铝合金弱刚度板材的质量。     

板料成形中的新型可控压边力技术研究

板料成形中,压边力是控制板料流动的重要因素。前人大量的研究表明,在拉伸成形的不同行程施加合适的变压边力(VBHF),可有效避免板料成形中起皱和破裂的缺陷。文章基于压边力成形窗口的定义和分析,提出新的控制目标,并采用PID闭环控制策略来优化不同冲压行程中分块压边圈上的压边力。针对一个具有不同角部半径的盒型件进行了闭环的变压边力优化模拟,得到其不同位置的分块压边圈随行程变化的最优压边力曲线,并在变压边力压机上进行实验验证,结果表明,使用铝合金板料并在恒定压边力下难以成形的盒形件,在最优变压边力下成功成形。     

基于响应面模型和遗传算法的汽车发罩外板冲压工艺参数多目标优化

以汽车发罩外板为例,将压边力、冲压速度、凹模与板料间摩擦系数和凸模与板料间摩擦系数作为工艺参数变量,以拉延工序最大减薄率和修边工序后最大回弹量为优化目标,应用中心复合试验设计(CCD)及有限元模拟获取样本数据。由试验数据建立二阶响应面模型,结合非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)实现多目标优化,得到优化的工艺参数组合为:压边力为1145kN,冲压速度为3480mm·s~(-1),凹模与板料摩擦系数为0.106,凸模与板料摩擦系数为0.13。基于优化的工艺参数指导模面回弹补偿分析并试模,研究结果表明,发罩外板实际冲压成形质量较好。     

变压边力对U型弯曲回弹的影响

介绍一种确定压边力与凸模行程关系曲线的简易方法,在成形过程中给零件施以变化的压边力可以有效地减小弯曲回弹,与采用常压边力相比较,这种方法可以获得较高的零件成形质量。     

板料冲裁过程中材料流动与断面形成的有限元模拟

运用有限元方法对精冲过程中不同压边力和反顶力对材料流动特性的影响进行分析,研究表明,较大的压边力和反顶力可以显著抑制精冲过程中材料涡流的形成。继而分析了断面光洁面随着压边力和反顶力增加而提高的原因,提出有限元分析方法可以有效地预测精密冲裁零件的断面质量。     

计算机实时控制多点变压边力的液压机改造

简要介绍了在基于现有型号为HHP28-120双动薄板拉深液压机现状的基础上,提出了一种变压边力改造方案,使原有的顶出缸作为压边力动力时,其行程可以被计算机实时控制,从而实现压边圈上的整体压边力在拉深过程中能按事先设定的曲线精确变化;同时还在原有的压边圈上新增一个压边圈和一系列的长度有着微小差异值的小顶柱,从而实现了在压边圈上的多点以不同的变化率实现变压边力。     

Enhancing formability in hydromechanical deep drawing process adding a shallow drawbead to the blank holder

In this paper, a new method was proposed in order to enhance the limiting drawing ratio (LDR) of AA5754-O in the hydromechanical deep drawing process (HDD). In the proposed method, a shallow drawbead was added to the blank holder to increase LDR so as to provide strain hardening of a large region on the flange of the sheet material in addition to pre-bulging process which affects particularly only the initial stage but not the later ongoing process. So the LDR of the AA5754-O was increased from 2.65 to 2.787 by enlarging the region of strain hardening in the flange and partially reducing wrinkling tendency due to occurred tensile stresses using the convenient pressure and blank holder force profiles. The importance levels and their convenient values for height of drawbead, pre-bulge height and pressure, surface roughness of the punch were determined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method. ANOVA analysis illustrated that adding a shallow drawbead to the blank holder is the most effective factor between the investigated factors for the HDD process. While the effects of the pre-bulging pressure and pre-bulging height were determined as quite small, the surface roughness of the punch was found unimportant compared to the effect of the shallow drawbead. The highest LDR value was obtained with 1 mm drawbead height, 5 mm pre-bulging height, 10 MPa pre-bulging pressure and 2.8 μm surface roughness of the punch.     

基于神经网络的压边力可变分区控制算法设计与实现

针对1000kN四柱液压机可变分区压边力控制系统研制过程中,分区压边力控制同步性要求高,参数结构复杂,难于建立精确的数学模型,常规的PID不能满足实时控制要求的特点,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的PID控制算法。这种控制算法有效地解决了各分区压边力同步控制的问题,并在盒形件拉深实验中取得了良好的控制效果。     

Numerical simulation and analysis on the deep drawing of LPG bottles

Deep drawing is one of the most used sheet metal forming processes in the production of automotive components, LPG bottles and household goods, among others. The formability of a blank depends on the process parameters such as blank holder force, lubrication, punch and die radii, die-punch clearance, in addition to material properties and thickness of the sheet metal. This paper presents a numerical study made on the deep drawing of LPG bottles. In particular, the application of both variable blank holder forces and contact friction conditions at specific location during deep drawing are considered. The numerical simulations were carried out with DD3IMP FE code. A variable blank holder force strategy was applied and the numerical results were compared with results from other blank holder force schemes. It is evident that the proposed variable blank holder force scheme reduces the blank thinning when compared to other schemes; the friction coefficient also has a significant influence on the stress–strain distribution.     

基于动态显式算法的薄板冲压成形回弹量工程估算研究

采用动态显式算法仿真了LDH (LimitingDomeHeight)实验的成形与回弹过程 ,确定了冲压后薄板回弹量与压边力、材料特性和冲压高度之间的关系曲线 ,分析了脱模前成形件内的能量和等效应力 ,以及脱模后由于成形件发生回弹导致的薄板内能量和等效应力的变化情况。计算结果表明 ,纯显式算法对于回弹量的计算是可以保证一定精度的。     

精密冲裁压边圈上接触压应力变化规律研究

以PVDF压电薄膜为感应单元,研发出测量精冲压边圈和板料接触压应力的薄膜传感器,避免了以往两个研究的不足:由液压压力推算压边力,中间传递环节会使精度降低;以压边力进行研究,忽略了接触面积不同导致的接触压应力的差异.采用所研发的薄膜传感器测试了0.65 mm厚H62板料精冲过程.测试结果发现:接触压应力存在都是在峰值之后...     

分区变压边力矩形件成形系统研究

介绍了分区变压边力矩形件成形系统的组成以及各部分的原理结构,分析了各部分的工作过程.该系统主要由液压机、压边圈分区的矩形件拉深模具、压边装置的液压部分以及控制部分组成.在构建的分区变压边力矩形件成形系统上,以变压边力为控制参数,采用模糊控制技术,实现了矩形件的成形.     

圆筒形件充液拉深成形精度

本文系统地研究了平底和球面圆筒形件充液拉深成形精度。充液拉深成形中，由于高压液体紧紧将毛坯贴向凸模表面，因而零件具有良好的贴模性并能获得很高的内径精度。同样，由于液压的施加在凸模圆角和压边圈之间产生与凸模运动方向相反的局部胀形，减小了凸模圆角处的弹复，提高了侧壁及球面件底部的形状冻结性。但是，平底零件的底面形状因液压的施加而使形状冻结性不好，平面度降低。     

多点位控制压边数值模拟研究

板料冲压成形的主要缺陷是起皱和撕裂 ,当模具的几何形状确定后 ,压边力是关键的成形控制参数 ,它不仅是凸模行程或时间的函数 ,还应随压边位置的不同而变化。确定拉深过程中板料各部位所需压边力的变化规律 ,可实现压边力的优化控制 ,对复杂拉深件如汽车覆盖件的成形尤为有利。该文以非轴对称抛物面车灯反光罩为例 ,采用DYNAFORM软件对其成形过程进行了数值模拟 ,比较了均布控制压边力和多点位控制压边力对成形的影响     

一种变压边力液压控制及采集系统的实现

介绍了一种液压控制系统及采集系统的实现方案。方案是在对型号为HHP28-120双动薄板拉深液压机的顶出缸油路进行改造的基础上,结合特殊的双层压边圈结构实现分段压边力的实时控制,并通过独立开发的控制及采集软件,方便地实现液压控制及数据采集。     

汽车座椅外侧板单动拉延成形工艺分析及优化

以某型号汽车座椅外侧板为例,采用Auto Form软件对座椅外侧板拉延成形过程进行模拟分析,并根据分析结果预测出拉延过程中的拉裂风险。通过调整零件的圆角半径和修改局部结构,消除了开裂风险,降低了最大减薄率。为取得更好的成形效果,选取压边力、摩擦系数、冲压速度、凸凹模间隙4个重要成形工艺参数进行正交试验及参数优化,得出最优工艺方案为:压边力250 k N、摩擦系数0.13、冲压速度1000 mm·s-1和凸凹模间隙2.42 mm,最终零件的最大减薄率为24.33%,最大增厚率为6.54%。采用优化后方案进行实际拉深试模,得出零件的成形性能与有限元模拟结果一致,工件质量完全符合设计要求。     

镁合金方形件分块压边液压拉深壁厚分析

基于分块压边液压成形装置,运用Dynaform有限元软件对AZ31B镁合金方形件的液压成形过程进行了数值模拟。比较分析了镁合金板在整体式压边和分块式压边条件下的液压成形效果,重点研究了分块压边方式对镁合金方形件的壁厚影响规律,并探索了相对合理的压边力参数。研究结果表明:与整体式压边相比,采用分块式压边能有效改善AZ31B镁合金方形件的壁厚均匀性,提高其成形质量。