磁流变胶泥材料的磁控力学行为实验研究

采用主要成分为高粘度线性聚硅氧烷的弹性胶泥为基体,制备了羰基铁粉质量分数为20%,40%和60%的磁流变胶泥。对磁流变胶泥的流变学特性和动态力学特性进行测试,描述了磁流变胶泥的本构关系并识别其参数,分析了磁场、铁粉含量、剪切应变以及剪切频率对粘弹性能的影响。结果表明,磁流变胶泥的本构关系能用Herschel-Bulkley模型进行描述;剪切应力、刚度的磁场可控范围宽(铁粉质量分数为60%的磁流变胶泥剪切应力调节范围16~128kPa,储能模量可调范围0.52~3.28 MPa);随铁粉含量和磁场的增加,剪切应力增大、弹性增加而粘性减小;不同磁场下磁流变胶泥从线性粘弹性区向非线性粘弹性区转变的临界应变值不同,且磁场增大可拓宽线性粘弹性区的范围;在线性粘弹性区磁流变胶泥对0~80Hz频率无依赖性。     

基于圆筒剪切模式的磁流变脂流变学特性检测方法与装置

针对现有测试装置剪切率低且难以使磁流变脂达到磁饱和的问题,提出了一种基于同心圆筒双边剪切模式的磁流变脂流变学特性检测方法,分析了剪切通道中磁流变脂在转子作用下的剪切流动特性与剪切应力分布,建立了磁流变脂传递力矩与剪切应力的理论关系,得出了由传递力矩导出标称剪切应力的近似算法;通过建立剪切率与剪切应力之间的函数关系,利用剪切通道中磁流变脂的平衡微分方程和流动边界条件,得出了由转子角速度导出磁流变脂标称剪切率近似算法;通过实验方法研究了剪切通道平均磁通密度与励磁电流的关系;设计与制作了磁流变脂检测装置,并利用磁流变脂检测装置完成了某典型磁流变脂检测,使磁流变脂的剪切率达到2000s~(-1)、磁通密度超过0.6T,测试结果与其它检测装置检测结果能较好吻合.     

磁流变液的流变特性分析和实验验证

本研究制备了羰基铁粉体积分数为10%的硅油基磁流变液,使用Physica MCR 301流变仪测试其流变性能,用Bingham模型和Casson模型对磁流变液的流变性能进行拟合计算。实验表明,Bingham模型和Casson模型均可较好地描述磁流变液的流变行为,在磁场作用下,随着剪切速率增加,剪切应力增大并趋于稳定,表观粘度显著减小,磁流变液存在剪切稀化现象。通过对数拟合的方法,得出磁流变液剪切应力和磁场的关系,剪切速率恒定时,随着磁场增大,磁流变液剪切应力显著增加。     

磁场作用下磁流变液剪切性能的实验分析

本文研究了磁流变液的力学性能,制备了羰基铁粉体积分数为20%的硅油基磁流变液,观察了磁流变液在磁场作用下的微观变化,测试了磁流变液的剪切性能。实验表明,无磁场作用下,磁流变液为牛顿流体;在磁场作用下,随着剪切速率的增加,剪切应力趋于稳定,表观粘度呈现指数式下降,磁流变液具有剪切稀化效应,符合广义Bingham模型。磁流变液剪切应力和外加电流的依赖关系为:在电流较小时,剪切应力表现为指数增长,指数值约为1.5;随着外加电流的增大,剪切应力表现为线性增长,最终达到稳定值。     

纳米硅酸镁锂对磁流变液性能的影响

以纳米硅酸镁锂、羰基铁粉、硅油等原料制备了一种稳定性好的磁流变液.用振动样品磁强计、扫描电子显微镜、比表面分析仪分别测试了羰基铁粉的磁性能、表面形貌和粒径;用磁流变仪测试了磁流变液的表观粘度和磁致剪切应力;用静置沉降法分析了磁流变液的沉降稳定性.结果表明:纳米硅酸镁锂具有良好的粘度调节功能,用其制备的磁流变液具有触变性,抗沉降性,更大的磁致剪切应力;得出了纳米硅酸镁锂浓度与磁流变液粘度和磁致剪切应力的定量关系.     

基于中空钴微米颗粒的磁流变液性能研究

采用水热法制备钴微米颗粒,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和振动样品磁强计对颗粒的相结构、形貌及磁性能进行表征。结果表明,颗粒为密排六方结构的单质钴,粒径3~5μm,内部呈中空结构,饱和磁化强度为161A·m2/kg。以中空钴微米颗粒为悬浮相,以硅油为基液,制备颗粒体积分数为12%的磁流变液。测试结果表明,基于中空钴微米颗粒的磁流变液的磁致剪切屈服强度在250kA/m磁场下达到37kPa,剪切应力的时间稳定性、长期静置的沉降稳定性等均优于同体积浓度的羰基铁粉磁流变液。     

磁流变液的特性研究

对以金属铁颗粒为主体的磁流变液的一般特性进行了研究。详细研究了材料的颗粒大小、形状、比例以及温度等对磁流变液特性的影响。研究了流体的屈服应力与磁场关系,剪切应力与磁场以及剪切速率的关系。实验发现,磁流变液出现磁饱和现象不仅与材料特性有关,而且与配比比例有关;剪切应力不仅与材料的颗粒大小有关,还与材料的制备工艺有关。     

磁流变弹性体的制备及其压敏导电性能研究

针对磁流变弹性体的导电特性,设计了一种磁流变弹性体导电性测试元件,确立了其基本的制备工艺。基于磁流变弹性体导电性元件的可靠性,在相同条件下制备不同配比单一粒径磁流变弹性体样品,进一步设计整个导电性元件的压敏特性测试装置,并利用该装置对磁流变弹性体样品的电流与电阻率进行测试,结果表明,该元件可以实现磁流变弹性体压敏导电特性的稳定性测试,通过测试数据分析得到磁流变弹性体由于基体材料的粘弹性压应力随时间衰减,较小的颗粒体积比对混合液的黏度影响较小,对磁流变弹性体样品的电导影响更加敏感。     

改性聚氨酯防水材料的流变性能

利用RS150型平板流变仪测试了改性聚氨酯防水材料的表观黏度、粘流活化能、非牛顿指数等流变参数,讨论了剪切速率、剪切应力和温度等对改性聚氨酯防水材料表观黏度的影响。实验结果表明,改性聚氨酯防水涂料的表观黏度随温度的升高而降低;在实验温度范围中,改性聚氨酯防水材料的表观黏度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大而降低,其非牛顿指数n小于1,并且随着温度升高而增大,表明改性聚氨酯防水材料为假塑性流体;其粘流活化能E0为19.73 kJ/mol。     

SiCf/TC17复合材料界面剪切强度测试与有限元分析

界面强度对钛基复合材料的性能有重要影响。采用纤维顶出实验(push-outtest)对连续SiC纤维增强TC17复合材料的界面剪切强度进行了测试,采用SEM观察了样品的形貌。以纤维/基体完全分离后的摩擦力为出发点,采用有限元方法确定了复合材料成型过程中残余应力的产生温度,并计算了残余应力的分布,比较了顶出实验样品制备前后残余应力的变化情况及样品厚度、体积分数对残余应力分布的影响;采用内聚力模型(CZM)分析了界面的化学结合强度。结果表明:SiCf/TC17复合材料高温成型后的冷却过程中开始产生残余应力的温度为775℃;顶出实验样品制备后界面处生成了残余剪切应力,其大小和分布与样品的体积分数和厚度相关,界面处的残余剪切应力造成了界面剪切强度的测试结果与界面化学结合强度的差异;室温下SiCf/TC17复合材料的界面化学结合强度约为450MPa。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.