槐耳菌液体培养富硒的研究

当发酵培养基中的硒浓度达到20μg/mL时。对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小，多糖含量达到51．3mg／g。同时进行了槐耳菌富硒条件的优化：pH5．5，接种量10％。装液量80mL/500mL三角瓶。28℃。200r／min发酵培养9d。且在发酵第5d加入硒溶液。槐耳多糖含量达到50．3mg／g，多糖中硒含量达到761．9μg／g，多糖对硒的转化率达到35．8％。     

红栓菌和槐耳菌菌体蛋白对硒富集的比较

主要研究了红栓菌和槐耳菌对硒的耐受力以及菌丝体蛋白对硒的富集作用。结果表明．红栓菌的生长速率明显要快于槐耳菌．蛋白质富集硒的能力比槐耳菌强．但对硒的敏感性较强。当发酵培养基中硒的添加量达到25μg／ml时．对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小。且在发酵初期添加无机硒．红栓菌蛋白质富硒能力最强．其中蛋白总硒量为255.87μg．蛋白质中硒含量为6．40μg／mg。     

虫草液体深层发酵富硒的研究

研究了不同硒浓度、培养时间、pH、培养基种类等因素对虫草菌丝体生长量、富硒量、有机硒转化率的影响，探讨了虫草菌富硒的最优培养条件。结果表明其最优富硒培养条件为：培养基硒浓度60μg／mL，培养时间5d，pH6，培养基为麸皮培养基（％）：蔗糖3，麸皮2，NaN030．2，KH2V040．5。菌丝生长量最高可达1．916g/100mL，有机硒含量可达509．026μg／100mL。虫草有机硒转化率最佳培养条件为：培养基硒浓度20μg／mL，培养时间5d，pH7，培养基为马铃薯培养基（％）：蔗糖3，马铃薯20，NaNCh0．2，KH2PO40．5。其有机硒转化率最高可达18．44％。低浓度的硒可以刺激菌丝体生长，高浓度的硒对菌丝体生长有抑制作用，使有机硒转化率降低。     

茶树菇菌株富硒生长及营养成分分析研究

比较了五种茶树菇菌株富硒生长的状况及营养成分分析。结果表明，野生种和As-1在耐硒和蛋白质及多糖的合成上都优于其他3个菌株。2μg／mL和5μg／mL硒浓度对5种茶树菇菌株的生长有一定的促进作用。5μg／mL硒浓度中的菌丝生物量和蛋白质、多糖的含量达最高值，野生种和As-1的蛋白质含量分别达022mg／mL和0．23mg／mL，多糖含量分别达038mg／mL和0．41mg／mL。硒浓度超过10μg／mL，对各菌株的生长表现为抑制，当硒浓度大于50μg／mL，时，除野生种外所有菌株停止生长。野生种具有较高的耐硒能力，在硒质量浓度在50μg／mL的情况下依然能够生长。     

蛹虫草菌丝体循环富硒法的建立及其硒多糖抑癌作用初探

研究富硒蛹虫草菌丝体循环富硒作用及该法获取的硒多糖对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的抑制作用.采用循环富硒法获得蛹虫草富硒菌丝体并制备硒多糖,经硒定量和多糖含量测定后采用MTT.法检测硒多糖与正常蛹虫草多糖(12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL)作用Hela细胞72 h后细胞存活率的变化.循环富硒法可有效促进蛹虫草菌丝体对硒的富集,硒含量为680.2μg/g,多糖含量为47.4%;硒多糖与正常蛹虫草多糖(100μg/mL)对Hela细胞的抑制率分别为91.87%和77.98%.其IC50分别为18.5μg/mL和48.5μg/mL.循环富硒法可有效制备富硒蛹虫草菌丝体和硒多糖,循环富硒法获取的硒多糖能有效的抑制Hela细胞的增殖.     

硒对松口蘑深层发酵的作用研究

以松口蘑为材料,在发酵培养基中添加不同浓度的硒,测定分析了松口蘑菌丝体的生物量、多糖含量、硒的积累量。结果表明:0～40μg/mL的硒浓度对松口蘑菌丝体的生物量和多糖含量的增加都有促进作用,且随着浓度的增高促进作用加强,40μg/mL以上的硒浓度有抑制作用,随着浓度的增高抑制作用增强;硒浓度在0～50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量随着硒浓度的增加而增加,当硒浓度超过50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量开始下降。     

平菇菌丝富硒培养条件的优化研究

对平菇菌丝富硒培养进行单因子试验，在此基础上进行了富硒发酵条件的正交试验研究。结果表明：葡萄糖质量分数1．5％，亚硒酸钠质量浓度8．0mg／L，起始pH7．0，培养时间5d，平菇菌丝富硒量得到最大，为331．49μg／g菌丝。     

杏鲍菇不同菌株生物学特性的研究

比较研究了杏鲍菇4个菌株的菌丝拮抗性、酯酶同工酶酶谱、菌丝生长速度、菌丝体生物量及多糖含量。结果表明，4个菌株问存在遗传差异。菌株X3菌丝生长速度最快，日均长速为0．69cm；菌株X2菌丝体生物量最高，为1．572g／100mL；菌株X1菌丝体多糖含量最低，仅为39.07μg／mg，菌株X2、X4和X3菌丝体多糖含量分别为84．28μg/mg、79．20μg／mg和78．99μg/mg。     

加镧液体培养灵芝菌丝富集有机硒的研究

研究了稀土元素镧（La）对灵芝菌丝体富集有机硒的影响。结果表明,镧能有效促进灵芝菌丝富集有机硒,当发酵培养基中镧的添加浓度为100mg／L时,菌丝产量和硒转化率最高。正交试验结果表明,各因素中对灵芝菌丝体富硒影响最大的是镧浓度,其次是硒浓度、培养时间和pH值,最佳发酵条件是镧浓度100mg／L,硒浓度100mg／L,pH值4．5,培养时间7d,在此条件下菌丝体产量47．3g／L,硒转化率88．1％。     

硒化灵芝液体发酵的初步研究

采用正交试验对影响灵芝富硒能力的几个参数如摇床转速、培养温度、pH等进行优化。结果表明,灵芝能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠100mg/kg的培养基中生长,并能在菌丝体内富集硒。当培养温度30℃、pH7.5、摇床转速160r/min,培养7d,在优化的发酵条件下,试验结果为富硒灵芝菌丝体生物量为40.6g/L,菌丝体硒含量为1572.89μg/g,总富硒量为63859.17μg/L。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.