裂叶苣荬菜的分布调查及易混淆种类鉴别

裂叶苣荬菜(Sonchus arcensis)是菊科苦苣菜属多年生草本植物。它既是一种良好的中药材又是营养丰富的优良野菜。我国北方长期将其混作败酱草入药,故素有北败酱之称。在河北、内蒙古与吉林等地将它混作小蓟使用,其实它们既不同种又不同属,而且形态特征也差     

东北产6种苔类植物细胞学观察

本文对东北产6种苔类植物进行了染色体数目报道,它们是阔叶裂叶苔Lophoziaexcisa,皱叶裂叶苔L.incisa,倾立裂叶苔L.ascendens,细裂瓣苔Barbilophozia barbata,裂萼苔Chiloscyphus polyanthus,指叶苔Lepidozia reptans,其染色体数目均为n=9。其中阔叶裂叶苔和倾产裂叶苔为首次报道。     

棉花叶片的奥秘

棉花主茎叶叶裂数的动态变化具有叶裂的棉花品种,其主茎叶叶裂数都有一个从全缘到3裂、5裂,最后叶裂数逐渐变少的动态变化过程。一般从棉苗子叶出土开始,接着出现第一片全缘真叶,随后逐渐出现3裂叶。约到6—7片真叶,叶裂开始变成5裂或7裂,此后保持5裂叶很长一段时间。到了生育后期,顶部主茎叶的叶裂数将逐渐变少,重新变成3裂叶。棉叶的叶裂数一般为奇数,呈中间主脉对称,很少     

基于ITS序列的不同产地裂叶荆芥系统发育分析

采用PCR法扩增来自国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS全序列,测序后以产自河北的裂叶荆芥代表中国裂叶荆芥与来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥ITS序列进行比较,构建分子系统发育树,探讨国内5个不同产地及不同国家的裂叶荆芥的亲缘关系和系统进化。结果表明:国内5个不同产地的裂叶荆芥ITS1和ITS2序列均有较高的G/C含量;5个产地的裂叶荆芥的扩增序列长度均为749bp,且序列完全相同;其中ITS1序列长231bp,5.8S序列长168bp,ITS2序列长236bp。中国裂叶荆芥与日本、韩国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为100%,与美国裂叶荆芥ITS序列一致性为99.0%。与美国裂叶荆芥相比,中国裂叶荆芥ITS序列有7个碱基发生变异。来自不同国家的裂叶荆芥形成单系群和2个分支(中、日、韩3国为1个分支,美国单独形成1个分支)。ITS序列的一致性表明国内5个不同产地裂叶荆芥为同一个种。     

裂叶沙参气孔行为与光合蒸腾特性通径分析

通过相关系数和通径系数分析方法,对不同海拔高度裂叶沙参（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａ ｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）气孔行为与光合、蒸腾特性的关系进行了相关性分析。气孔行为对光合、蒸腾均缺乏显的相关性,说明裂叶沙参光合、蒸腾作用的气孔控制不显;裂叶沙参叶片气孔开度直接影响光合速率和胞间ＣＯ２浓度,气孔导度对裂叶沙参蒸腾速率影响较大。     

裂叶沙参气孔行为与光合蒸腾特性通径分析

通过相关系数和通径系数分析方法,对不同海拔高度裂叶沙参(Adenophora lobophylla)气孔行为与光合、蒸腾特性的关系进行了相关性分析。气孔行为对光合、蒸腾均缺乏显著的相关性,说明裂叶沙参光合、蒸腾作用的气孔控制不显著;裂叶沙参叶片气孔开度直接影响光合速率和胞间CO₂浓度,气孔导度对裂叶沙参蒸腾速率影响较大。     

新外来杂草--裂叶月见草的生物学特性及防控对策

裂叶月见草是浙江新发现的外来杂草,就其分布情况、形态特征、开花结实特性等进行了观察研究,认为裂叶月见草是人们通过蔬菜种子调用时无意带入的,并得出了裂叶月见草的繁殖系数大、适应性强,具有一定入侵性的结论,并提出了加强种子管理、宣传教育和控制等防控对策。     

三裂叶豚草锈病发生和流行规律的研究

通过田间调查与定点系统观察,结合沈阳地区的气象条件,对三裂叶豚草锈病在沈阳地区的发生和流行规律进行了研究。结果表明：三裂叶豚草锈病属于喜高温、高湿型病害;该病于6月初在沈阳地区开始发病,可持续至9月,以7～8月发病最重。人工接种试验结果表明：在30℃和相对湿度96．9％条件下接种锈菌冬孢子,4d后三裂叶豚草即可发病;冷冻保藏（-20℃）可打破冬孢子休眠,在沈阳地区冬孢子是第二年锈病发生的初侵染菌源。苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型对三裂叶豚草表现出了显著的致病性、致死性及专一性,证明是防治三裂叶豚草的理想生防菌。     

牵牛复合体（旋花科）的分类学研究

采用解剖镜和扫描电镜对牵牛复合体[牵牛Pharbitis nil（L．）Choisy、裂叶牵牛P.hederacea（L．）Choisy和圆叶牵牛P.purpurea（L．）Voigt]的叶形、萼片、果实和花粉形态进行了观察,同时对其叶绿体DNA trnL—F和核基因ITS进行了分析。结果表明,牵牛、裂叶牵牛与圆叶牵牛的外部形态,在叶形、萼片的形状及毛被、果实形态上的差异明显;花粉形态的差别也较为明显;在trnL-F和ITS序列分别构建的系统树中,牵牛、裂叶牵牛和圆叶牵牛聚为一个分支,牵牛和裂叶牵牛聚为一个小分支,ITS序列系统树的支持率为70％,trnL—F序列分子树的支持率仅为63％。根据以上不同,本研究认为牵牛、裂叶牵牛和圆叶牵牛都应作为种级处理。     

苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型的超微结构观察(英文)

20 0 3年在沈阳的三裂叶豚草 (AmbrosiatrifidaL .)上发现了苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型 (PucciniaxanthiiSchwein .f.sp .ambrosia trifidaeS .W .T .Batra) ,这是在我国三裂叶豚草上发现的一种新病菌。试验采用扫描电镜和透射电镜对该锈菌的冬孢子和吸器的形态结构进行了观察。     

Host specificity and suitability ofTephritis dilacerata [Dip.: Tephritidae]: A candidate for the biological control of perennial sow-thistle(Sonchus arvensis) [Compositae] in Canada

BioControl - The host specificity and suitability ofTephritis dilacerata Loew, a promising biocontrol agent of perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), were investigated. Sow-thistle is a...     

苣苣菜的营养成分测定

分析测定了山东中部野生苣苣菜的营养成分 ,结果表明 ,其主要营养成分含量与常见蔬菜相当或较高 ,并含有 1 8种氨基酸 ,其中包括 8种必需氨基酸 ,EAA/TAA =3 7.3 % ,接近WHO/FAO参考蛋白模式     

THE POTATO TUBER NEMATODE, DITYLENCHUS DESTRUCTOR THORNE, 1945; THE CAUSE OF EELWORM DISEASE IN BULBOUS IRIS

For about twenty-five years a fairly widespread disease of bulbous iris has been known, the cause of which has always been attributed to a biologic race of the stem eelworm Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857), Filipjev, 1936.
Thorne (1945) showed that the nematode causing rot in potato tubers is different from D. dipsaci and named it D. destructor. This nematode has since been reported from Mentha arvensis L. by Hurst (1948) and from Sonchus arvensis L. by Goodey & Goodey (1949).
Examination of nematodes from diseased iris bulbs showed them to possess rounded tail tips and six incisures on each lateral field; characters by which Ditylenchus destructor is distinguished from D. dipsaci.
Cross-inoculation experiments showed that the eelworm causing disease in potato tubers would invade and set up characteristic symptoms in iris bulbs and, in the opposite direction, the eelworm responsible for disease in iris bulbs would give rise to characteristic symptoms in potato tubers. Transfer was also effected from potato and iris to Mentha arvensis and from iris to Sonchus arvensis.
The history of the disease in bulbous iris is briefly reviewed and the biology of Ditylenchus destructor discussed and compared with that of D. dipsaci.
The conclusion that D. destructor is the nematode causing eelworm disease of bulbous iris has been reported earlier (Goodey, J. B. 1950).     

苦苣菜属5种植物的黄酮类成分含量分析

菊科（Compositae）苦苣菜属（Sonchus L．）的许多种类在民间作为药用植物使用,大多具有清热解毒、消肿排脓及凉血利湿等功效。苦苣菜属植物主要含有黄酮类及倍半萜类活性成分,其中苦苣菜（S．oleraceus L．）中的总黄酮对脑缺血缺氧小鼠及实验性肝损伤均有明显的保护作用。     

广东8种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及Vc的含量

测定了广东菊科8种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量,结果表明：革命菜、一点红、苣荬菜的硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平,属于一级野菜;山莴苣、地胆草、加拿大蓬和艾的硝酸盐含量低于785mg/kg,达中度污染水平,属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟或盐渍可安全食用;甜菜籽属于三级蔬菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食.这些野菜维生素C的含量均低于50mg/100g（鲜重）,属于中、低维生素C含量的野菜.     

Ascosonchine, the enol tautomer of 4-pyridylpyruvic acid with herbicidal activity produced by Ascochyta sonchi

A new phytotoxic enol tautomer of 4-pyridylpyruvic acid, named ascosonchine, was isolated from the culture filtrate of Ascochyta sonchi. Such a leaf pathogen is a potential biocontrol agent of Sonchus arvensis, a perennial herbaceous weed occurring throughout the temperate regions of the world. Ascosonchine, characterised as (Z)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-pyridyl)-2-propenoic acid by spectroscopic methods, showed selective herbicidal properties, that are not associated with antibacterial, antifungal or zootoxic activities.     

Relation between in vitro production of ascosonchine and virulence of strains of the potential mycoherbicide Ascochyta sonchi: a method for its quantification in complex samples

The potential of the fungus Ascochyta sonchi as a mycoherbicide for the biocontrol of the perennial weeds Sonchus arvensis and Cirsium arvense that occur throughout temperate regions of the world is under evaluation. Ascosonchine, a newly discovered enol tautomer of 4-pyridylpyruvic acid with potential herbicidal properties, is the main phytotoxin produced by this fungus. A simple and sensitive method has been developed for the rapid quantitative analysis of ascosonchine based on HPLC with UV detection. The toxin content in culture filtrates of different strains of A. sonchi was measured. The strains tested produced up to 2.7 mg/L when grown in static conditions. Toxin production was compared with the virulence on the host plant of each strain to determine if the most virulent strains could be simply selected by choosing the best toxin producers. The results obtained do not support this approach. The same HPLC method was also applied to quantify toxin production under different fungal growth conditions, in order to achieve the highest toxin production. The most productive strain synthesised more than 8 mg/L when grown for 8 weeks in static conditions.     

Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past,present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide

The response of plant species to future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO(2)] has been determined for hundreds of crop and tree species. However, no data are currently available regarding the response of invasive weedy species to past or future atmospheric [CO(2)]. In the current study, the growth of six species which are widely recognized as among the most invasive weeds in the continental United States, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), and yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) were grown from seed at either 284, 380 or 719 micromol mol(-1) [CO(2)] until the onset of sexual reproduction (i.e. the vegetative period). The CO(2) concentrations corresponded roughly to the CO(2) concentrations which existed at the beginning of the 20th century, the current [CO(2)], and the future [CO(2)] projected for the end of the 21st century, respectively. The average stimulation of plant biomass among invasive species from current to future [CO(2)] averaged 46%, with the largest response (+72%) observed for Canada thistle. However, the growth response among these species to the recent [CO(2)] increase during the 20th century was significantly higher, averaging 110%, with Canada thistle again (+180%) showing the largest response. Overall, the CO(2)-induced stimulation of growth for these species during the 20th century (285-382 micromol mol(-1)) was about 3x greater than for any species examined previously. Although additional data are needed, the current study suggests the possibility that recent increases in atmospheric CO(2) during the 20th century may have been a factor in the selection of these species.     

田茜（茜草科）——中国大陆新归化植物

报道了中国大陆新归化植物——田茜（Sherardia arvensis L.）,并对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,同时对其入侵风险做了简要评估。     

Effects of the Plant-pathogenic Fungus Mycocentrospora acerina (Hartig) Deighton on Growth and Competition of Viola arvensis (Murr.) in Spring Wheat

Mycocentrospora acerina (Hartig) Deighton can kill or suppress the growth of Viola arvensis (Murr.) in spring wheat in pot-grown plants in both glasshouse and outdoor studies. The level of damage to V. arvensis and the effect on its competition with wheat were affected by inoculum density and environmental conditions. High inoculum density (105 macroconidia/ml) caused high mortality in V. arvensis and eliminated its competitive effect on wheat. At a lower density (104 macroconidia/ml), the V. arvensis fresh weight and its competition with the wheat were suppressed by up to 38 and 28% respectively, depending on environmental conditions.