石墨消解-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定苹果中五种微量元素

采用石墨消解-火焰原子吸收分光光度法来测定红蛇果和红富士两种苹果中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn五种微量元素的含量。结果表明,两种品种的苹果中都含有较丰富的Ca、Mg元素,而Zn、Cu、Mn元素的含量则较少,两种苹果中微量元素的含量差别不大。用该方法测得红蛇果和红富士中Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn的检出限0.071,0.001 8,0.004 2,0.000 96,0.004 2μg/m L;回收率分别是91.42%,93.38%,90.84%,97.47%,93.24%;精密度分别是1.3%,1.7%,1.8%,1.0%,1.4%。此方法适用于苹果中微量元素的测量。     

石墨消解-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定苹果中五种微量元素

采用石墨消解-火焰原子吸收分光光度法来测定红蛇果和红富士两种苹果中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn五种微量元素的含量。结果表明,两种品种的苹果中都含有较丰富的Ca、Mg元素,而Zn、Cu、Mn元素的含量则较少,两种苹果中微量元素的含量差别不大。用该方法测得红蛇果和红富士中Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn的检出限0.071,0.001 8,0.004 2,0.000 96,0.004 2μg/m L;回收率分别是91.42%,93.38%,90.84%,97.47%,93.24%;精密度分别是1.3%,1.7%,1.8%,1.0%,1.4%。此方法适用于苹果中微量元素的测量。     

FAAS法测定凌云白毫茶中8种微量元素

采用硝酸-高氯酸(4∶1)消解样品,火焰原子吸收法测定广西凌云白毫茶茶叶中8种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr和Cd的含量,结果表明凌云白毫茶中含有丰富的微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn,对人体健康非常有益。8种元素含量为FeZnMnCuNiCdCr,不含Pd,各元素的回收率在95.5%~106.0%之间,该方法灵敏度高,操作简单、快速,结果准确,是白毫茶微量元素测定的理想方法。     

火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地香菇中4种微量元素

比较不同产地香菇中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 4种微量元素的含量。采用火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地香菇中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的含量。结果表明:产地不同的香菇中四种微量元素的含量各不相同,其中Fe和Zn的含量相对较高,Fe最高可达293.47 mg/kg,Zn最高可达69.691 mg/kg;而Cu和Mn的含量相对较低,Cu最高可达35.401 mg/kg,Mn最高可达16.507 mg/kg。不同香菇中对相同元素的富集能力差别较大,福建龙岩(武夷山野生红菇)中各种微量元素均为最高。     

大蒜微量元素的分析与研究

用火焰原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光法分析研究了大蒜中12种微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Sb、Se和Hg的含量,结果表明产于湖南隆回县山界回族乡的大蒜中含有丰富的微量元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn和Se,对人体健康非常有益。样品测定结果表明:大蒜中上述微量元素标准曲线的相关系数在0.9995~0.9999之间,呈现良好的线性关系;相对偏差(RSD)在0.06%~4.33%之间;各元素的加标回收率在94.5%~107.0%之间。     

不同生长时期松茸中重金属及微量元素含量的测定

以三个不同生长时期的松茸(幼茸、成茸、老茸)为原料,硝酸和高氯酸(4+1)消解原料后,采用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中Hg、As的含量,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn四种典型微量元素的含量。本实验标准偏差(RSD)小于6. 51%,回收率在97. 88%～108. 0%之间。研究结果表明:该地区的松茸中Hg、As、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素在不同生长阶段均有一定差异。研究结果可为松茸的食用价值和医用价值提供进一步的数据参考。     

三七花和三七须根中五种微量元素的测定

采用湿法消化和火焰原子吸收法对云南产三七花和三七须根中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co等五种微量元素进行测定,各元素的加样回收率在97.2%～104.4%之间,RSD在4.8%～0.5%之间,该方法简便、快速、稳定性好。测定结果表明,三七的花与须根中各元素相对含量次序相同,均为FeMnZnCuCo,其中Mn、Fe含量差异较大,其余三种较接近。     

ICP-OES法测定矮地茶中微量元素含量

为测定矮地茶中微量元素,采用湿法硝酸-高氯酸进行消解,用ICP-OES法测定了矮地茶中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Fe、Ca、As等9种元素含量。结果表明:方法操作简单、快速、灵敏,分析结果的相对标准偏差为0.49%~4.34%,方法的加标回收率为95.0%~102.1%。矮地茶中含有丰富的对人体有益的Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu等元素,有害元素Pb在根茎和叶中的含量差异较大,根茎中Pb已超过限量标准。结果可为矮地茶的开发利用提供依据。     

微波消解-FAAS法测定丹参中的微量元素

采用微波消解技术,用FAAS法建立测定丹参药材中Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn 6种微量元素的含量测定的方法。结果表明,丹参中所含微量元素含量丰富,其中钙,镁的含量较高,其次为铁和铜,锰和锌的含量相对较低;加标回收率在96.2%~105.0%之间,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2%。该方法是一种简便、快捷、准确的分析方法,可以为丹参的进一步研究提供科学依据。     

ICP-MS定量法和半定量法在水果中微量元素分布分析中的应用

为了解ICP-MS定量和半定量法在水果中微量元素分布分析中的应用,通过ICP-MS的定量法和半定量法分别测定了桑葚、蓝莓、车厘子、樱桃和杨梅5种水果中的K、Mg、Fe、Na、Rb、Mn、Zn、Ba、Al、Sr、Ti、Cu、Ga、Co等微量元素含量。结果表明:1)桑葚、蓝莓、车厘子、樱桃和杨梅中都含有丰富的微量元素,且这些元素的分布特点是同一种水果中K含量最高,Mg含量次之,Co含量最低;不同种水果中元素分布均不一致。2)在这些元素中,除Rb外,其他元素之间均有一定的相关性。3)定量法和半定量法的测定结果之间没有显著性差异。     

Tumorpromovierende Diterpen-Fettsäureester aus Euphorbia triangularis und Euphorbia cooperi

Tumor-Promoting Diterpenyl Fatty Acid Esters from Euphorbia triangularis and Euphorbia cooperi Three diterpenic diesters were isolated from milk-juice of Euphorbia triangularis and they were identified as 13-isobutyrate (T₁), 13-tiglate (T₂) and 13-(2-methyl-butyrate) (T₃) of the new diterpene 12-desoxyphorbol. Apart from these, a mixture of corresponding 20-acetates (T₁–T₃) could be isolated and characterized. The known crotophorbolon is obtained by alkali-treatment of 12-desoxyphorbol-13-tiglate under energetic conditions. A diterpene-diester and a diterpene-triester were isolated from milk-juice of Euphorbia cooperi and they were characterized as 13-O-isobutyroyl-16-tiglate and ?20-acetate respectively of the new diterpene 12-desoxyphorbol-16-hydroxyphorbol. All the isolated diterpene esters showed more or less pronounced irritation on mice ear. In general, the 20-esters are less effective than the corresponding esters having the free 20-hydroxyl group. Exact knowledge of the isolated esters is significant from the viewpoint of environmental protection, since some of these compounds might possess co-carcinogenic properties as well.     

隧道式中药材干燥机

通过对我国中药材干燥现状及主要问题的分析，阐述了一种能应用于广大农村地区的隧道式中药材干燥机。着重讨论了电加热器、隧道和物料小车的设计问题，确定了合理的结构参数。性能试验表明，该机适用于各类中药材的干燥作业。     

微波法提取老鹳草中芦丁的工艺

研究微波法提取中草药老鹳草中芦丁的工艺条件,采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化,用紫外可见分光光度计测定提取物中芦丁含量。实验结果表明：在乙醇浓度70.0%(质量分数,下同),液料比20,提取时间150 s,微波功率385 W时,芦丁提取率为98.74%。采用化学检验法和红外光谱法对其进行定性验证。     

Chlorination of low-molecular-weight Euphorbia lactiflua natural rubber

The chlorination of low-molecular-weight natural rubber isolated from Euphorbia lactiflua latex (LMWER) was accomplished. The reaction was performed by using Cl_2(g), and CH₂Cl₂ or CCl₄ solvents. Different temperatures, reaction times and Cl₂ to isoprene ratio were used. The products were characterized by elementary analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The maximum chlorination reached was 59.9%. The properties were found to be comparable with chlorinated rubber obtained from liquid natural rubber (LNR). Received: 13 June 1997/Revised: 15 September 1997/Accepted: 23 September 1997     

大戟属植物化学成分及生理活性研究

大戟属植物约有2000余种,为大戟科中最大的属,在民间多用来治疗皮肤病、水肿和肺结核,在我国还可作通便利尿之药物。今年来对本属植物二萜、三萜成分及其生物活性的研究较多,但未见其综述性报道。本文综述了近年来大戟属植物的化学成分、生物活性的研究进展。     

Toxic and aversive diterpenes of Euphorbia esula

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a plant introduced into the Great Plains of North America from Europe, has become a serious economic and ecological threat to the productivity of agricultural and natural areas. Cattle, the predominant livestock species on the Great Plains, as well as common wild ruminant species in this region appear to consume little if any leafy spurge. This is likely because they experience a toxic response after consuming small amounts of this plant, and they consequently learn to avoid it. Domestic sheep and goats can consume considerable amounts of leafy spurge and are used to help control it, but even these species may suffer a toxic response at high levels of intake. Toxic diterpene ingenols have been isolated from leafy spurge tissues, but compounds in this plant have not been evaluated with respect to their capacity to induce food aversion learning in ruminants. We conducted bioassay-guided fractionations of leafy spurge in an attempt to isolate toxic and aversive compounds. These bioassay-guided fractionations led to identification of ingenol and one of its diesters as two toxic compounds in leafy spurge that are potentially aversive to cattle.     

中草药白芷中微量元素铁铜锌锰的测定

采用火焰原子吸收分光度法测定白芷中铁锰铜锌的含量,研究了白芷的消化工艺,讨论了原子吸收的测试工作条件,测定结果表明,白芷中铁为310.3μg/g,锰为72.6μg/g,铜为3.9μg/g,锌为47.7μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.49%～4.04%,回收率为99.3%～105%。     

石蒜属植物中石蒜碱的研究进展

石蒜碱(Lycorine)是传统药用植物石蒜中含量较高的生物碱成分,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗疟疾、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、保护心血管以及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等多种作用。本文对国内外在石蒜属植物中石蒜碱的结构、提取与纯化方法等方面的研究进行了综述,为石蒜属资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。