胶质瘤发病风险与手机使用的系统评价

目的评价胶质瘤与手机使用危险性的联系。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、Web of Science、EMBASE、EBSCO、Cochrane Library、ScienceDirect数据库;收集胶质瘤与手机使用相关的病例对照研究文献,检索时间2000-2011年,采用RevMan5.1进行Meta分析。结果 8篇病例对照研究文献纳入,规律使用手机未见有胶质瘤危险性增高;而长期使用手机10年以上者与胶质瘤发生存在联系,OR=1.24(95%CI=1.10~1.40),长期同侧使用手机发生胶质瘤危险性增加58%,OR=1.58(95%CI=1.30~1.94)。结论规律使用手机并不增高胶质瘤的发生风险,长期频繁使用手机可能增加胶质瘤发生的风险,但分析中的偏倚与混杂因子可能影响因果关系的解释。     

手机“织围脖”健康有隐患

当今,都市潮人最热衷的恐怕就是开微博、写生活。手机"织围脖",更能随时随地尽情分享生活中的点点滴滴。然而,在尽情"织围脖"的同时,更要当心由此带来许多健康隐患。     

“三手病”越来越多

一个男青年拇指的掌指关节有一个结节,经常痛。到医院看病,被诊为“拇指狭窄性腱鞘炎”,是由于长时间单手发手机短信,拇指活动过于频繁造成的,也称为“手机手”。从多家医院了解到,不少青少年长时间打游戏、用鼠标、发短信,使手指和腕部受伤,“三手病”患者明显增多。“游戏手”、“鼠标手”、“手机手”,俗称“三手病”,是由于拇指或腕     

早期狭窄性腱鞘炎的护理

目的:探讨早期狭窄性腱鞘炎的治疗与护理。方法:对32例早期狭窄性腱鞘炎门诊患者采用体育疗法及热水浸泡法。结果:经过20~30 d的治疗及护理,治愈28例,显效2例,无效2例,总有效率94%。结论:早期诊断及时治疗与护理,合理预防,是治疗早期狭窄性腱鞘炎的关键。     

佩戴时长和空气质量对口罩细菌污染影响的实验研究

目的 探究佩戴时长和空气质量对口罩细菌污染的影响,同时调查普通人群口罩佩戴情况,为人们正确使用口罩提供参考。方法 招募45名健康志愿者,分组佩戴不同类型口罩及佩戴天数,记录每日气温及空气质量指数,检测口罩大肠菌群和细菌菌落总数。在成都市两个地铁站口观察并访谈路人,了解人群口罩佩戴情况。结果 共检测口罩51只（45只实验口罩+6只空白口罩）,均未检出大肠菌群;3种口罩细菌数量随佩戴天数增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系（相关系数r分别为0.954、0.899、0.943,P<0.05）;细菌总数较高的口罩,佩戴过程中的平均空气质量指数较高;口罩细菌菌落总数与气温无明显相关。共计观察了489人口罩佩戴情况,正确使用者占29.45%,随机访谈的100名口罩佩戴者中,94人有访谈所提及的口罩使用不当或认知错误。结论 人们在口罩的佩戴、保存方式及使用时长上缺乏足够认识,正确使用率不高;选择合理的佩戴时长有助于减少口罩细菌污染;空气质量可能是口罩上细菌滋生的影响因素。     

不同的使用方法对牙科高速手机寿命的影响

目的：进一步探讨使用环节对牙科高速手机（以下简称手机）寿命的影响。方法：我们选用了手机100支,分甲乙2组,每组各50支并固定使用,观察期为3年。结果：甲组筒夹轴承损坏率为94%,不能修复的手机4支,损坏率为8%;乙组筒夹轴承损坏率为138%,不能修复的手机7支,损坏率为17%。结论：规范手机的使用要求可以延长手机的使用寿命,提高工作效率。     

大学生手机使用动机及其与心理健康的关系

目的:探究大学生手机使用动机的类型及其与心理健康的关系。方法:采用大学生手机使用动机问卷和K10量表对570名在校大学生进行问卷调查,采用探索性因素分析、相关分析等方法进行统计分析。结果:大学生手机使用动机可分为两类:逃避性动机和工具性动机,二者与心理健康水平相关显著(r=0.246,-0.279,P<0.01)。经常使用手机上网聊天等功能的大学生心理健康与逃避性动机水平与不经常使用这一功能的大学生差异无统计学意义(t=1.88,t=0.58,P>0.05)。结论:大学生手机使用以工具性动机为主,也伴有逃避性动机,这与心理健康水平有一定的关系;不应过分担心经常手机上网大学生手机使用动机和心理健康问题。     

基于分位数回归的睡眠时长对卒中发病风险的影响研究

目的 分析睡眠时长对卒中发病风险的影响以及在不同风险人群中的影响效应.方法 利用中国营养与健康调查2015年数据,通过WLS回归和分位数回归分析睡眠时长对卒中发病风险的影响.结果 共纳入研究对象9566人,WLS回归显示睡眠时长不足和过多会分别增加2.7％和2.4％的卒中发病风险;分位数回归显示随着分位数的提高,睡眠时...     

医专大学生手机使用行为、手机依赖综合征与睡眠质量的相关研究

目的 分析医专大学生手机使用行为、手机依赖综合征对睡眠质量的影响。方法 采用自编一般资料及手机使用情况调查表、大学生手机成瘾倾向量表(MPATS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对医专1073名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 医专大学生手机依赖综合征检出率为13.14%;手机依赖者比非手机依赖者更多地选择社交软件,非手机依赖者使用打电话、看电子书的频率比手机依赖者高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);每天手机使用时间越长,每周睡前使用手机次数越多,睡眠质量越差(P<0.05);手机依赖者睡眠质量显著低于比非手机依赖者(P<0.05);多元逐步回归结果显示,每天手机使用时间、手机依赖量表总分均是睡眠质量的影响因素。结论 每天手机使用时间越长,每周睡前使用手机次数越多,手机依赖越严重,睡眠质量越差。     

Bedtime Autonomy and Cellphone Use Influence Sleep Duration in Adolescents

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine modifiable environmental contributors of shortened sleep duration in adolescents.

Coronary Heart Disease and Dietary Habits

Statistics of coronary artery disease for 20 countries have been re-evaluated and a distinct association with high intakes of saturated fats and animal proteins has been found.     

Effects of a Driver Cellphone Ban on Overall,Handheld, and Hands‐Free Cellphone Use While Driving: New Evidence from Canada

We provide new evidence on the effects of increasingly common driver cellphone bans on self‐reported overall, handheld, and hands‐free cellphone use while driving by studying Ontario, Canada, which instituted a 3‐month education campaign in November 2009 followed by a binding driver cellphone ban in February 2010. Using residents of Alberta as a control group in a difference‐in‐differences framework, we find visual and regression‐based evidence that Ontario's cellphone ban significantly reduced overall and handheld cellphone use. We also find that the policies significantly increased hands‐free cellphone use. The reductions in overall and handheld use are driven exclusively by women, whereas the increases in hands‐free use are much larger for men. Our results provide the first direct evidence that cellphone bans have the unintended effect of inducing substitution to hands‐free devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exercise Habits and Tobacco Use Among Male Latino Farmworkers

ABSTRACT

Migrant farmworkers risk occupational injury and are at risk for developing chronic health conditions. Exercise may enhance health and help to reduce the risk of occupational injury and/or reduce the risk of developing a chronic health condition. Little is known, however, about the exercise habits of Latino migrant farmworkers. Male Latino migrant farmworkers completed an exercise and health habits questionnaire at health screening clinics. One hundred fifty-three (58.2%) subjects reported exercising during the week. There was no difference in age between those who reported exercising and those who did not (p = .78). Only 42 (16%) of all workers reported exercising for 3 or more hours a week. Seventeen percent of the subjects reported smoking and almost 10% reported chewing tobacco. A majority of subjects do not meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exercise guidelines. Tobacco use is highest among individuals who do not exercise. These findings suggest the need for health education interventions for this population. Additional studies are warranted to understand exercise and health habits of this population.     

Effect of Different Obesity Phenotypes on Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Tehranian Adults

Background: The aim of this community-based study is to ascertain the effect of different obesity phenotypes on the incidence of chronic kidney disease in Iranian adults.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study, the Tehran Lipid Glucose Study (TLGS).

Setting and Participants: Adults aged ≥ 20 years with a mean age of 40.38 years (54.8% female) who were free from chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline (phase 1) and were followed up at 3 time stages (phases 2, 3, and 4) for a mean duration of 9.4 years to assess the risk for CKD.

Predictor: Obesity phenotypes.

Outcome: Incidence of chronic kidney disease.

Measurements: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from the simplified equation developed using data from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study.

Results: CKD events occurred in 1162 participants. The prevalence of the 2 known obesity phenotypes (metabolically obese normal weight [MONW] and metabolically healthy but obese [MHO]) in the overall population was 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier curves, rates of freedom from CKD in the MHO and MONW obesity phenotypes were 75.3% and 60.6%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Age- and sex-adjusted (model 1) hazard ratios for participants with MHO or MONW obesity phenotype were 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–1.43) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.09–1.88), respectively. After further adjustment for confounder variables (model 2), multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for CKD for participants with MHO or MONW obesity phenotypes were 1.23 (95% CI, 0.93–1.62) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.08–1.90), respectively.

Conclusion: Adults with the MONW obesity phenotype compared to those with MHO obesity phenotype have a higher risk for incidence of CKD. The results indicate that having a normal weight is not the only factor to protect against incidence of CKD.     

Effect of Age on the Association Between Waist-to-Height Ratio and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: The Suita Study

Background

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been shown to be a useful screening tool for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the association of WHtR with CVD incidence by age group.

Methods

We conducted a 13.0-year cohort study of Japanese adults (2600 men and 2888 women) with no history of CVD. WHtR was calculated as waist circumference (cm) (WC) divided by height (cm). We stratified participants by sex and age group (30–49, 50–69, ≥70 years). Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CVD in relation to WHtR quartile for participants aged 50 to 69 years and 70 years or older.

Results

Men aged 50 to 69 years in the highest quartile had significantly increased risks of CVD and coronary heart disease as compared with the lowest quartile; the HRs (95% CI) were 1.82 (1.13–2.92) and 2.42 (1.15–5.12), respectively. Women aged 50 to 69 years in the highest quartile had a significantly increased risk of stroke (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.01–5.85). No significant results were observed in men or women aged 70 years or older. The likelihood ratio test showed that the predictive value of WHtR was greater than that of WC among men aged 50 to 69 years.

Conclusions

The association between WHtR and CVD risk differed among age groups. WHtR was useful in identifying middle-aged Japanese at higher risk of CVD and was a better predictor than WC of CVD, especially in men.Key words: waist-to-height ratio, age difference, cardiovascular disease