浅静脉曲张术后下肢深静脉血流动力学变化的研究

目的 探讨浅静脉曲张手术治疗对下肢原发性深静脉功能不全合并下肢浅静脉曲张患者的治疗效果.方法 2007年8月至2009年8月期间对128例下肢原发性深静脉功能不全合并静脉曲张患者行大隐静脉高位结扎+曲张浅静脉腔内电凝术.应用频谱多普勒超声测量平静呼吸状态下和ValsalVa动作时股浅静脉第一对瓣膜下静脉血流动力学指标(包括反流时间、管径、反流速度等),以静脉反流指数(Reflux index,RI)作为评价指标.结果 手术治疗浅静脉曲张使60例存在轻度深静脉反流的下肢原发性深静脉功能不全病例中的54例得到了改善,45例中度深静脉反流病例29例得到改善,23例重度深静脉反流病例中仅有7例得到改善,有效率分别是90％,64％,30％.轻度术后反流指数明显改善(t=21.484,P=0.000),中度较术前改善(t=2.173,P=0.035),重度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.888,P=0.078).不同反流程度患者手术前、后的反流指数变化差异有统计学意义(x2=8.266,P=0.004).结论 微创手术治疗浅静脉曲张可改善临床症状较轻的下肢原发性深静脉功能不全病例的反流程度.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the effect of surgical treatment of varicose vein on primary chronic venous insufficiency(PCVI) in the lower extremities. Methods Between August 2007 and August 2008, 128 PCVI patients underwent high ligation of the great saphenous vein and endovenous electrocoagulation of the varix superficial vein. Spectrum Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the superficial femoral vein blood flow hemodynamic information beneath the first pair of valve including quiet breathing condition and the Valsalva action (reflux time、caliber、reflux velocity). Reflux index (RI) was used as guide line. Results Clinical sympotoms improved in 54 out of 60 mild PCVI cases, in 29 of 45 moderate PCVI patients, while only in 6 out 23 cases in whom severe preoperative clinical symptom with PCVI was present. The effective rate respectively was 90％, 64％, and 30％. The mild reflux index significantly improved than that before operation ( t = 21. 484, P = 0. 000 ), the moderate reflux index improved than that before operation ( t = 2. 173, P = 0. 035 ) , while the serious reflux index were not statistically improved than that before operation( t = 1. 888, P = 0. 078 ). In all cases reflux index improved after the surgery ( x2 = 8. 266,P = 0. 004). Conclusions Minimally invasive surgical treatment of varicose veins can improve the reflux of the deep vein in PCVI cases with mild to moderate clinical symptom.     

下肢浅静脉手术后深静脉瓣膜功能的变化

目的对比研究大隐静脉激光闭合术和高位结扎剥脱术治疗下肢浅静脉曲张对改善深静脉瓣膜功能的作用,探讨二者改善深静脉倒流的程度是否有差异及可能的机制。方法收集60例（70条肢体）住院治疗的下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,分别行激光腔内闭合术和大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术。两组患者术前均经过双功能彩色多普勒超声检查记录深静脉血流动力学指标,手术后三个月对患者进行随访,比较手术前后深静脉瓣膜功能是否有改善及改善的程度,并对比两种手术方法对深静脉瓣膜功能改善的程度是否存在差异。结果两组患者在手术后深静脉血流动力学指标均有明显改善（P〈0．05）,但激光腔内闭合术与大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术对深静脉返流的改善无差异（P〉0．05）。股浅静脉和胭静脉的瓣膜功能通过手术均得到了改善（P〈0．05）,但二者在改善的程度上没有差异（P〉0．05）。结论两种手术方法均是治疗下肢静脉曲张的有效术式,并且确实可以在一定程度上改善深静脉瓣膜功能,当出现下肢浅静脉曲张时早期手术可能延缓深静脉瓣膜功能不全出现的进程。     

下肢原发性静脉功能不全的临床表现与下肢深静脉反流的相关性研究

目的 探讨下肢原发性深静脉功能不全患者(PDVI)的临床症状分级与下肢深静脉反流程度之间的相关性.方法 选择2006年4月至9月期间收治的112名原发性深静脉功能不全的病例,并根据CEAP分类标准将病例临床分级,应用彩色多普勒超声对所有病例的反流程度进行测量,以静脉反流指数(RI)作为评价指标.结果 112例病例中,存在轻度反流为38例,中度反流为50例,重度反流为24例.结论 下肢原发性深静脉功能不全病例其深静脉反流程度与临床分级有一定相关性,临床症状越严重,反流程度越重.     

静脉曲张术后深静脉内径及功能变化的研究进展

原发性下肢静脉曲张是由于血液由深静脉向浅静脉反流而引起的.高压反流的血液通过反流点远心端的一支或多支穿静脉回流入深静脉,从而形成了"深静脉-浅静脉-穿静脉-深静脉"之间的无效循环.进入该循环的血液增加了穿静脉及深静脉的血流负荷,导致二者扩张,继而可能出现功能不全,此即为"超载理论".而不同类型的静脉曲张手术,若能有效阻...     

下肢浅静脉手术后深静脉瓣膜功能变化的中期结果报道

目的观察下肢浅静脉手术改善深静脉瓣膜功能的中期随访结果。方法收集2006年3～10月期间在我院行手术治疗的下肢静脉曲张患者43例(55条肢体),全部患者曾在术后半年进行随访并比较了手术前、后深静脉瓣膜功能改善情况,术后4年再次以同样方法评价其深静脉瓣膜功能改善情况。结果 39例患者深静脉瓣膜功能保持良好,与术后半年随访时无明显差异。4例当时未行高位结扎的患者,再次出现浅静脉曲张,且深静脉存在返流。结论伴有深静脉瓣膜功能不全的下肢浅静脉曲张,单纯行浅静脉激光闭合术或剥脱术均可有效改善深静脉瓣膜功能,且效果保持良好;高位结扎大隐静脉是保证改善深静脉瓣膜功能的关键。     

原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全手术治疗40例分析

目的探讨原发性下肢深静脉功能不全的手术治疗。方法回顾性分析应用股浅静脉戴戒术治疗原发性下肢深静脉功能不全40例(46条深静脉)临床资料。结果患侧小腿酸胀沉重感均消失或明显改善,6侧肢体溃疡于2～8周内愈合,2侧肢体湿疹样改变脱屑,皮肤变光滑,1侧遗留有足踝部轻度指陷性水肿。28例行股浅静脉彩超检查Valsalva试验见瓣膜反流0级或I级。结论股浅静脉瓣膜戴戒手术时间短,创伤小,是治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全较为理想和有效的方法。     

下肢静脉曲张行浅静脉手术对深静脉瓣膜功能影响的研究

目的：探讨下肢浅静脉手术改善深静脉瓣膜功能的程度及影响效果的因素。方法：收集住院行浅静脉手术治疗的下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者60例（70条肢体）, 术前经双功能彩色多普勒超声检查记录深静脉血流动力学指标。浅静脉手术后6个月进行随访, 行超声复查, 比较手术前后深静脉瓣膜功能。 结果：下肢浅静脉手术后深静脉瓣膜功能的总体改善率为65.7%；病程超过20年较之病程小于或等于20年的患者改善不佳的可能性高4.355倍；股浅静脉和腘静脉同时存在倒流的患者比两静脉各自单独存在倒流的患者改善不佳的可能性高4.247倍；年龄大于60岁比年龄小于或等于60岁的患者改善不佳的可能性高3.516倍；股浅静脉和腘静脉瓣膜功能改善的程度差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。 结论：下肢静脉曲张单纯行浅静脉手术可在一定程度上改善深静脉瓣膜功能, 手术近期效果好, 可有选择性地应用于某些早期深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者。     

原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的治疗

目的:探讨原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全（PDVI）的治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2年余山东大学附属省立医院血管外科实施股浅静脉第一对瓣膜包窄术（EBV）的PDVI（16例，17条肢体，观察组）和行浅静脉手术的PDVI（ 20例，26条肢体，对照组）患者的临床资料，观察两组手术后小腿酸胀沉重感消退和溃疡愈合情况；并利用彩色超声多普勒检查瓣膜反流程度。所有病例随访24个月。结果:术后1个月两组下肢酸胀沉重感均有不同程度减轻，静脉功能不全评分较术前明显改善，浅静脉曲张全部消失，13条（92.9%）肢体溃疡愈合。术后24个月，大多数患者下肢沉重酸胀感较术后1个月时减轻；但观察组2条肢体、对照组1条肢体沉重酸胀感加重。观察组肢体溃疡复发1例，浅静脉曲张复发1例；对照组浅静脉曲张复发2例。下肢术后酸胀沉重感、静脉功能不全评分改善及溃疡愈合率两组差异无统计学意义，而手术并发症发生率观察组高于对照组。结论:EBV和单纯线静脉手术都是治疗PDVI的有效方法。严格掌握EBV适应证以及术前、术中对股浅静脉瓣膜形态进行详尽评估是EBV取得良好疗效的关键。     

下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的外科治疗

下肢慢性静脉功能不全（chronic venous insufficiency,CVI）是常见的血管外科静脉病变.人们最早认识的是以大隐静脉曲张为代表的浅静脉功能不全.消除曲张浅静脉以打断浅静脉反流,达到降低静脉高压的目的是治疗CVI的基本原则.然而,人们发现许多接受了浅静脉手术的病例,静脉功能不全仍未能纠正.随着彩色多普勒超声技术的发展,使人们充分认识并证实了深静脉反流和功能不全在CVI发病中的作用.     

下肢慢性静脉功能不全外科治疗的现状与争议

下肢慢性静脉功能不全(chmnic venous insuffciencv，CVI)是常见的血管外科疾病，多种静脉疾病均可导致静脉功能不全，按其病因可分为原发性、继发性、先天性；按解剖范围可分为浅、深和交通静脉3个系统。下肢CVI的外科治疗主要用于原发性CVI和部分继发性CVI的病例。虽深静脉瓣膜重建术对纠正深静脉反流确有一定疗效，     

下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡患者的病因分析和疗效观察

目的 探讨下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡(C6级)患者的常见病因和治疗效果,为临床诊治提供参考.方法 收集2020年7月至2021年12月深圳市第二人民医院收治的84例下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡患者的临床资料(共86条患肢),汇总患者的下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声和顺行造影检查数据,观察患肢的髂静脉压迫情况、深静脉瓣膜反流情况和穿通支静脉反流情...     

Femoral venous reflux abolished by greater saphenous vein stripping

Preoperative venous duplex scanning has revealed unexpected deep venous incompetence in patients with apparently only varicose veins. Acting on the hypothesis that the deep vein reflux was secondary to deep vein dilation caused by reflux volume, the following was done. Between July 1990 and April 1993, 29 limbs in 21 patients (16 females) were examined by color-flow duplex imaging to determine valve closure by the method of van Bemmelen. Instrumentation included high-resolution ATL-9 venous interrogation using a pneumatic cuff deflation stimulus of reflux in the standing, nonweight-bearing limb. All limbs showed greater saphenous vein reflux. Twenty-nine showed superficial femoral vein reflux and of these three showed popliteal vein reflux. Duplex testing was performed by a certified vascular technologist whose interpretation was blinded as to the results of clinical examination and grading of the severity of venous insufficiency. Surgery was performed on an outpatient basis under general anesthesia using groin-to-knee removal of the greater saphenous vein by the vein inversion technique of Van Der Strict. Stab avulsion of varicose tributary veins was accomplished during the same period of anesthesia. In 27 of 29 limbs with preoperative femoral reflux, that reflux was abolished by greater saphenous stripping. In patients with popliteal reflux both femoral and popliteal reflux was abolished. Improvement of deep venous hemodynamics by ablation of superficial reflux supports the reflux circuit theory of venous overload. Furthermore, preoperative evaluation of venous hemodynamics by duplex scanning appears to provide useful pre- and postoperative information regarding venous insufficiency in individual patients.Presented at the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Southern California Vascular Surgical Society, Coronado, Calif, September 17–19, 1993.     

Effect of external valvuloplasty of the deep vein in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to verify the efficacy of external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein in the treatment of primary chronic venous insufficiency (PCVI). METHODS: Forty patients with PCVI of the bilateral lower extremities were enrolled at the time of surgical management. All 80 limbs were classified as CEAP C2 to C4, with moderate incompetence of the deep vein. The limbs of each patient were randomized into one of two groups according to the operative method, so that when one limb was randomized to group A, regardless of whether it was the right or left limb, the other limb was assigned to group B. In group A, external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein was combined with surgery of the superficial venous system; in group B, surgery of the superficial venous system alone was performed. The therapeutic effects between the limbs in groups A and B were compared by color duplex scanning, a color Doppler velocity profile, air plethysmography (APG), and a CEAP severity score at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Within each group of limbs, no significant differences were found in the average operative time within each group of limbs. The varicose veins resolved, there were no deep vein thromboses, and the wounds healed well postoperatively in all cases. Leg heaviness was relieved completely in 90% of group A limbs (36/40) and 55% of group B limbs (22/40). Venous valve competence was achieved in 100%, 98.1%, and 90.9% of group A limbs at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. The amount of venous reflux, APG indices, and CEAP severity scores were not significantly different between the two groups preoperatively (P > .05). The amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, CEAP severity scores, and muscle pumping indices improved markedly in group A limbs postoperatively compared with group B limbs (P < .01); muscle pumping indices did not improve significantly in group B limbs postoperatively (P > .05). There were significant differences in the amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, and CEAP severity scores between group A and B limbs at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively (P < .01). There were significant differences in all parameters assessed between group A and B limbs 3 years postoperatively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: External valvuloplasty of the femoral vein combined with surgical repair of the superficial venous system improved the hemodynamic status of the lower limbs, restored valvular function more effectively, and achieved better outcomes than surgical repair of the superficial venous system alone.     

Clinical and hemodynamical findings in legs with previous surgery of the great saphenous vein: role of the small saphenous vein

AIM: To assess the role of small saphenous vein (SSV) reflux in patients with a long history of varicose disease and previous stripping of the great saphenous vein (GSV). METHODS: Consecutive patients with a history of GSV stripping 5-19 years earlier were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. A total of 101 legs of 75 consecutive patients fulfilled the study criteria: previous stripping of GSV from ankle to groin at least 5 years earlier, no history of thromboembolism and no previous surgery of deep veins or SSV. All patients were studied clinically using standardized classifications: clinical class, clinical disability score (CDS) and venous clinical scoring system (VCSS). Colour flow duplex imaging (CFDI) was used to assess reflux in deep and superficial veins. Details of prior surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, SSV reflux was noted in 28 (28%) of the legs, recurrent GSV (rGSV) in the thigh in 41 (41%), reflux in tributaries alone in 28 (28%) and a combination of SSV and rGSV reflux in 4 (3%). Segmental deep reflux was measured in 23 (23%) of the legs; the prevalence of deep reflux was significantly higher in complicated than in uncomplicated legs (12% versus 47%; P<0.05). Deep reflux was more frequently associated with SSV reflux than with rGSV reflux (50% versus 22%; P<0.05). The prevalence of SSV with or without deep reflux increased from 17% to 50% (P<0.05) when uncomplicated (C2-3) and complicated (C4-6) legs were compared. A similar increase was not seen in the legs with rGSV (39% versus 44%; P>0.05). SSV reflux without deep reflux was observed in 25% of the legs with complicated (C4-6) disease, whereas the prevalence of SSV reflux was low (9%) in uncomplicated (C2-3) legs. VCSS was higher in the legs with SSV reflux than in those with rGSV reflux. CDS scores tended to be higher in the SSV reflux group than in the legs with rGSV reflux or tributary reflux alone. After exclusion of deep reflux, the results remained at the same level. CONCLUSION: Small saphenous vein (SSV) reflux is common in legs with recurrent varicose veins and previous stripping of the GSV. SSV reflux alone is frequent in complicated legs, and SSV reflux is typically associated with segmental deep reflux. Clinical and hemodynamical findings stress the role of SSV reflux in this selected venous population.     

下肢深静脉顺行造影在下肢静脉曲张病因诊断中的应用价值

背景与目的:下肢静脉曲张是外周静脉病变的常见临床表现,可由下肢静脉反流性疾病、下肢静脉回流障碍性疾病、静脉畸形等多种疾病所致;不同病因导致的下肢静脉曲张其治疗原则也不尽相同。临床中常出现关于下肢静脉曲张的误诊误治,故明确其病因至关重要。目前下肢静脉造影仍是诊断下肢静脉病变的金标准,可提供完整的下肢静脉系统影像,为明确诊断及选择合适的治疗方案提供可靠依据。本研究总结江苏常州地区以下肢静脉曲张为主要临床症状的患者的下肢深静脉顺行造影结果,探讨造影在下肢静脉疾病中的意义,并分析该地区引起下肢静脉曲张的主要病因。方法:使用数字减影血管造影(DSA)技术,对苏州大学附属第三医院血管外科2013年6月—2019年3月收治的3 012例(3 420条肢体)下肢静脉曲张患者行下肢深静脉顺行造影,观察患肢踝部至盆腔段深静脉形态、通畅度,以及患者做Valsalva动作时造影剂的反流情况,对患者静脉曲张的病因进行分析和分类。结果:3 420条肢体中,原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全1 395条(40.79%),单纯浅静脉曲张1 052条(30.76%),髂静脉受压综合征569条(16.64%),下肢深静脉血栓后综合征328条(9.59%),其他(双股静脉畸形、腘静脉瘤、深静脉瘤样扩张、先天性静脉曲张骨肥大综合征、布加综合征、盆腔肿瘤等)76条(2.22%)。结论:常州地区下肢静脉曲张患者的病因以下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全、单纯浅静脉曲张及髂静脉受压为主。对于下肢静脉曲张病变,需明确病因才能制定合理的治疗方案;下肢深静脉顺行造影是明确下肢静脉曲张病因的可靠方法,并能检出腘静脉瘤、布加综合征等少见疾病,可有效避免误诊误治;其在下肢静脉病变中有重要的应用价值,可作为下肢静脉曲张疾病的常规检查方法。     

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery

BACKGROUND: Varicose vein surgery is generally considered to have little risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This prospective study examined the incidence of DVT in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. METHODS: Lower leg veins were assessed before operation by duplex ultrasonography in 377 patients, and reassessed 2-4 weeks after surgery, and again at 6 and 12 months. Patients were instructed to contact a physician if symptoms consistent with DVT occurred before the scheduled follow-up appointment. Preoperative prophylaxis (a single dose of subcutaneous heparin) was left to the discretion of the vascular surgeon. RESULTS: DVT was detected in 20 (5.3 per cent) of the 377 patients. Of these, only eight were symptomatic and no patient developed symptoms consistent with pulmonary embolus. Eighteen of the 20 DVTs were confined to the calf veins. Subcutaneous heparin did not alter the outcome. No propagation of thrombus was observed and half of the DVTs had resolved without deep venous reflux at 1 year. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DVT following varicose vein surgery was higher than previously thought, but these DVTs had minimal short- or long-term clinical significance.     

下肢静脉造影在下肢静脉曲张患者中的应用及阻塞性下肢静脉曲张发生的预测因素

目的 探讨下肢静脉造影检查在下肢静脉曲张中应用的临床意义,并分析阻塞性下肢静脉曲张可能相关的预测因素.方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月因下肢静脉曲张于海军军医大学第二附属医院诊治的74例患者(111条患肢)为研究对象,对所有患肢行下肢静脉造影检查,采用病例报告表形式记录患者相关信息,根据有无深静脉阻塞表现分为...     

Improvement in deep vein haemodynamics following surgery for varicose veins.

OBJECTIVE: o analyse the effect of superficial and perforating veins surgery on deep vein incompetence. METHODS: During a six-month period between 2000 and 2001 24 patients (32 limbs) with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) were treated. They were selected because they had varicose veins and proximal deep vein incompetence with photoplethysmography (PPG) venous refilling time (VRT) <15 s with a below knee tourniquet, and a femoral or popliteal vein reflux time (RT) >1.5 s on duplex ultrasound. The group was divided according to aetiology into 21 legs with primary (Ep) and 11 with secondary CVI (Es). All patients underwent removal of varices with stripping of the saphenous veins, if appropriate. In 21 cases subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery (SEPS) was performed to ligate incompetent perforating veins. RESULTS: The average VRT for the entire group increased from 9.8 s before to 15 s after operation (p<0.001, paired t test). In the Ep group the average VRT increased from 11 to 18 s (p<0.001, paired t test), in Es group from 7.5 to 10 s (p>0.001, paired t test). Duplex ultrasonography before surgery showed femoral vein incompetence in 28 and the popliteal incompetence in 26 cases. The average femoral vein RT was 1.9 s before and 1.4 s after surgery (p<0.001, paired t test). The femoral RT in the Ep group decreased from 1.9 to 1.3 s (p<0.001, paired t test) and in the Es group from 1.9 to 1.6 s (N.S.). In the popliteal vein, RT was 1.8 s before, and 1.3 s after surgery (p<0.001, paired t test). The RT in the Ep group shortened from 1.8 to 1.1 s (p<0.001 paired t test) and in the Es group from 1.9 to 1.5 s (N.S.). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of varicose veins and of calf perforators results in reduced deep vein reflux. The improvement is most marked in cases of primary venous insufficiency.