基于岗位胜任力的医院药学实践教学探讨

通过对医院药学实践教学现状的分析,目前医院药学实践教学存在教学方法相对单一、评价体系不合理、师资短缺、教学时间短、不能与理论教学有效衔接等问题,文章针对这一现状提出创新教学模式、构建科学实践教学评价体系、加强实践教学师资队伍建设、优化实践教学时间安排、加强实践教学和理论教学衔接等多样化实践教学方法和改进措施,提高药学专业毕业生的医院药学实践及创新应用能力,提高药学毕业生进入医院后的岗位适应能力和药学服务的意识。患者对药学服务质量要求不断提高,培养具有较高实践能力和创新能力的药学人才成了一种社会需求,是我国高等教育改革的核心目标之一,药学实践教学要更加注重学生实践能力的培养,为国家培养高素质药学应用型人才。     

药学类有机化学课程建设实践

为达到培养实践型应用型药学人才目的,以提高药学人才培养质量为目标,以"以人为本,药学服务"的现代药学教育教学理念和思想为先导,构建药学类有机化学理论和实验课程体系,改革教学内容、教学方法和手段,加强药学实践能力的培养,加强人文素质培养,努力培养符合社会经济发展需要的医药兼备的复合型药学人才。     

以提高岗位胜任能力为导向的药学实践教学研究

以培养创新意识、提高岗位胜任能力为导向,通过打造“三位一体”创新实践平台,构建学以致用的药学实验教学新模式以及推动全方位课外药学科研实践训练等手段,深入开展实践教学体系改革,探索出了一条药学创新人才的培养之路.     

基于“超星学习通”的角色扮演教学法在药店顾客服务实践教学中的应用

探讨基于“超星学习通”的角色扮演教学法在药店顾客服务实践教学中的应用效果,以提高学生的学习兴趣、动力及药店顾客服务能力,有利于培养更加贴近药店需求、具有竞争力和发展潜力的药学人才。     

高职药学专业实践教学中学生能力的培养

高职药学教育以培养生产一线需要的高等技能应用型人才为目标,通过实践教学培养学生综合技能,使其成为适应社会需求,高质量、高素质的药学专业应用型人才.     

新办专业实验教学中心建设和实验课程改革的探索

近年来,以培养学生动手能力为切入点重构实验课程体系成为国内外实验课程改革和教学改革的热点内容。药学本科教育由过去沿袭前苏联式的过于学术化的专业对口的人才培养模式逐渐向培养药学通用性人才转变,培养口径拓宽,更加注重人才-能力-素质教育。目前,实验课程教学是高等学校药学专业教学的重要组成部分。目前,在全国范围内各药学院校正在开展历时长、范围广、程度深的实验课程教学改革,对教学思想、教学模式、教学内容、教学方法与手段进行了改革更新,并取得了一定的成果。1药学实验教学中心现状药学实验教学中心按照新世纪经济建设和社会发展对高素质创新型药学人才的需求,以“加强基础、重视应用、开拓思维、培养能力、提高素质”为指导思想,紧密结合理论教学,科学设置实验项目,形成适合药学特点的实验课程体系,全面培养学生的科学作风、实验技能以及综合分析、发现和解决问题的能力,使学生具有创新精神和实践能力。1.1建立实验教学中心的意义广西中草药资源丰富,居全国第二位,但实践能力强的应用型药学人才紧缺制约了广西药学事业的发展。我校地处西部地区,承担培养有扎实药学基础知识、有熟练现代药学技能的高级复合型药学人才的责任,而实验技能的培养在药学教育中非常重...     

以“校企联合培养创新模式”提高药学本科教学质量

以培养高素质、高层次、创造性人才为导向,针对药学本科教育目前存在问题,提出在药学本科理论和实践教学体系中引入"校企联合培养创新模式"。通过优化理论教学和实践教学体系;建立行之有效的校企合作制度评价方法;建立人才定制或资助式的培养模式等以提高药学本科教学质量。     

药学类教学实验中心建设与管理初探

药学类教学实验中心是提高学生专业技能、实践动手能力和培养具有创新思维的药学人才的重要场所。因此，要取得良好的教学效果，培养更多的创新型药学人才，就必须重视实验教学，进一步加强教学实验中心的建设与管理。     

加强药学专业实践教学管理 培养高素质技能型人才

实践教学是高职教学过程的重要环节,是培养学生专业技能、提高学生动手操作能力的重要手段。笔者以漳州卫生职业学院药学系实践教学管理为实例,从加强实践教学条件建设、规范管理、制度建设等方面入手,围绕如何提高学生的实践能力、培养药学专业高素质技能型人才,进行了初步探索。     

应用型本科临床药学人才培养模式探索

文章通过对构建系统规范并具有专业特色的课程体系、建立实践教学体系、打造应用型教师团队、改善传统的教学手段和教学方式等方面进行探索,并以当前社会需求为导向,紧密围绕人才培养目标,培养能够以病人为中心、开展临床合理用药、参与临床药物治疗方案设计、提高药学服务等方面工作的应用型临床药学人才,即探索应用型临床药学人才的培养模式...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.