氢键作用对端羟基超支化聚酯熔体流变性能的影响

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为核,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为支化单体,通过熔融缩聚法合成了第一至五代端羟基脂肪族超支化聚酯,采用旋转流变仪系统地研究了氢键作用对端羟基超支化聚酯熔体流变性能的影响.结果表明,与高代数超支化聚酯相比,低代数超支化聚酯的线性黏弹区较窄,松弛时间更长.无论是稳态剪切测试还是振荡测试,第一、二代端羟基超支化聚酯熔体均表现出假塑性流体的剪切变稀行为,而第三至五代端羟基超支化聚酯熔体则表现为牛顿流体的流变行为.端羟基超支化聚酯的流变行为均不遵循Cox-Merz方程.温度谱的测定发现,低代数超支化聚酯相对于高代数的结晶度更高.流变测试中所出现的现象都与分子间的氢键作用密切相关.     

聚倍半硅氧烷复合超支化聚酯的结构及相容性

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为内核, 二羟甲基丙酸(DMP)为支化单元用准一步法合成了重均分子量为12100的第四代端羟基脂肪族超支化聚酯G4, 并与聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷(PMSQ)共混制备出一系列不同质量分数的复合物. 利用固体核磁共振(NMR)等方法表征了各个样品的结构和反应程度, 并通过测量¹H T_1ρ值发现超支化聚酯与聚倍半硅氧烷之间具有较好的相容性, 相容尺寸为3~5 nm.     

紫外光固化超支化聚酯的合成及性能

以季戊四醇为核,2,2-羟甲基丙酸为臂,采用熔融缩聚法合成并表征了末端含大量羟基的超支化聚酯,其支化度高,黏度低,具有良好的热稳定性.以甲基丙烯酸酐改性超支化聚酯,得到链末端含有C=C的超支化甲基丙烯酸酯,在最佳反应条件下改性反应的转化率可达89%以上.改性后的超支化聚酯表现出更低的黏度,热失重曲线呈现为两段,玻璃态转...     

超支化聚酯的改性及其结晶性能的研究

用十六酰氯和十八异氰酸酯分别对端羟基的超支化聚酯Boltorn^TMH20改性,可获得粉末状超支化低聚物,具有无定形“内核”及可结晶“外壳”的分子结构.实验结果表明,采用十八异氰酸酯改性的丙烯酸化超支化聚酯的熔点高于十六酰氯改性聚合物.     

端基对超支化高分子性质影响的研究

对端羟基脂肪族超支化高分子的端基进行了乙酰化和硅烷化改性，研究了不同端基对超支化高分子的玻璃化温度，折光指数增量以及特性粘度的影响。结果表明，端基的极性减小使超支化高分子的玻璃化温度降低，不同端基的超支化高分子的折光指数增量也有很大差异，而强极性的端基使超支化高分子在溶液中易产生团聚作用。由于端基在超支化高分子中所占比重较大，端基是影响超支化高分子性质的重要因素。     

长链超支化聚酯改性纳米SiO_2及其在丁苯橡胶中的应用

利用二乙醇胺和丙烯酸甲酯合成的N,N-二羟乙基-3-胺基丙酸甲酯作为AB2型单体,以纳米SiO_2为核,通过其表面羟基与单体的反应,制得SiO_2接枝超支化聚酯的纳米粒子(SiO_2-HBP);再利用超支化端羟基与α-己内酯进行开环反应,合成了含柔性长链的二氧化硅-长链超支化聚酯杂化物(SiO_2-HBP-L);然后将杂化物与丁苯橡胶共混,制备了SiO_2-HBP-L/SBR纳米复合材料.FTIR、XPS和TGA测试证实改性后纳米SiO_2表面接枝了含长链超支化聚酯.SEM测试结果表明,相对于未改性的纳米SiO_2,SiO_2-HBP-L在乙醇和橡胶基体中分散性较好,且改性后纳米SiO_2与复合材料的相容性明显提高.硫化性能测试表明,SiO_2-HBP-L能大大缩短胶料的正硫化时间,增大总交联密度;同时SiO_2-HBP-L/SBR纳米复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性能有较大的提高,很好地实现了补强.     

超支化聚合物结构和形貌的表征与分析

用固定化酶Novozyme435(NV435)催化2,2-二羟甲基丁酸(BHB)与ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环缩聚得到端基中一端带有一个羧基,另一端带有多个羟基的超支化共聚酯。利用核磁共振分析(NMR)、傅立叶红外(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对超支化聚合物进行结构表征,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了聚合物的表面形貌。     

超支化聚酯对聚乙二醇非等温结晶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)以及傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱研究了一种超支化聚酯(HBP)对聚乙二醇(PEG)非等温结晶行为的影响,用Ozawa法、Jeziorny法和莫志深法对非等温结晶动力学进行了分析.结果表明:PEG和HBP/PEG的非等温结晶过程可用Ozawa和莫志深动力学方程描述,与Jeziorny动力学方程不符;超支化聚酯的加入改变了PEG的结晶成核和生长机理,对PEG的结晶有一定的延缓作用.超支化聚酯中的羰基与PEG的端羟基形成的氢键以及超支化聚酯自身较大的分子体积和高度支化的结构所导致的位阻效应是超支化聚酯延缓PEG结晶的主要原因.     

由脂肪族二酰胺二醇合成聚酯酰胺及表征

利用脂肪族二元酸酯与乙醇胺反应容易获得的对称二酰胺二醇,经缩聚合成聚酯酰胺预聚体,并针对端羧基和端羟基同时扩链来提高分子量,获得可生物降解的聚酯酰胺.首先将N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)草酰胺(HEOA)或N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺(HEHA)与己二酸和丁二醇缩聚,制备同时带有端羧基及端羟基的脂肪族聚酯酰胺预聚体,通过1,4-双(2-噁唑啉)苯及己二酰双己内酰胺混合扩链剂扩链,获得高分子量脂肪族聚酯酰胺,并通过红外、1H-NMR、DSC及TGA对其结构和热性能进行了表征.结果表明,预聚体在制备过程发生了一定的酯-酰胺交换反应;扩链后聚合物的熔点、熔融焓和热稳定性有所下降;但热稳定性仍接近或略高于聚己二酸丁二酯.     

端羧基酯交换法合成高分子量大豆油基聚酯

以大豆油为原料可高效合成大豆油基二元醇(SOD),通过与二元酸的熔融缩聚获得大豆油基聚酯.然而传统的酯化和酯交换机理无法获得高分子量的聚酯产物,其原因在于反应过程中醇酸单元摩尔比偏离达到高分子量所需的等摩尔比条件.本研究采用一种新型的端羧基酯交换(CET)机理成功合成了高分子量的大豆油基聚酯,首先以过量的可升华二元酸与SOD酯化生成羧基封端预聚物,再通过CET在高真空下脱除过量的二元酸,动态地逼近醇酸等摩尔比条件,从而获得了黏均分子量可达123 kDa的高分子量大豆油基聚酯.该聚酯具有良好的热稳定性和高透明性,其黏附性能可达压敏胶黏剂的商用标准.这种含不饱和脂肪族侧链的聚酯还可通过巯-烯"点击"反应引入季铵盐基团,获得抗菌型大豆油基聚酯.     

聚L-乳酸/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚共混物的分子间相互作用及结晶和熔融行为

利用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)研究了聚乳酸(PLLA)/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚(TDP)熔融共混物的分子间相互作用,结果表明,PLLA的羰基与TDP的羟基之间形成了分子间氢键.通过差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了共混物的玻璃化转变行为及非等温结晶和熔融行为.结果表明,样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随TDP含量的增加呈线性下降.共混物的熔融结晶温度(Tc)、结晶焓(ΔHc)、熔融温度(Tm)及熔融焓(ΔHm)均随TDP含量的增加呈下降趋势,而冷结晶温度的变化趋势则相反.当TDP达到40%(质量分数)时,共混物的DSC曲线既未出现结晶峰,也未出现熔融峰,表明该样品已完全成为非晶态物质.广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析结果表明,TDP的加入未改变PLLA的晶型,但导致其晶面间距变大,晶体结构变得松散.因此共混物熔点的下降归因于分子间氢键的形成降低了PLLA分子链的运动能力及晶体的紧密程度而非晶型的改变.     

Synthesis and self‐assembly of hyperbranched polymers with benzoyl terminal arms

Hyperbranched polyesters (HPs) with a variable content of benzoyl terminal groups were synthesized through the chemical modification of the HPs' cores by substituting a controlled fraction of the terminal hydroxyl groups with benzoyl chloride. The resulting hyperbranched polymers that were modified by benzoyl groups (HPs‐B) were characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Research results revealed that self‐assembled structures could be formed in selected solvents (acetone/n‐hexane). It was found that the morphologies of self‐assembled structures could be adjusted by controlling the content of outside benzoyl terminal groups in the hyperbranched polymers, the volume ratio of acetone with n‐hexane, and the concentration of the hyperbranched polymers with benzoyl terminal arms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5554–5561, 2005     

Isothermal melt-crystallization and melting behavior for three linear aromatic polyesters

Isothermal crystallization and subsequent melting behavior for three different types of linear aromatic polyester, namely poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), were investigated (with an emphasis on PTT in comparison with PET and PBT). These polyesters were different in the number of methylene groups (i.e. 2, 3, and 4 for PET, PTT, and PBT, respectively). Isothermal crystallization studies were carried out in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) over the crystallization temperature range of 182-208 °C. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) technique was used to obtain information about crystal modification and apparent degree of crystallinity. The kinetics of the crystallization process was assessed by a direct fitting of the experimental data to the Avrami, Tobin, and Malkin macrokinetic models. It was found that the crystallization rates of these polyesters were in the following order: PBT>PTT>PET, and the melting of these polyesters exhibited multiple-melting phenomenon. Lastly, the equilibrium melting temperature for these polyesters was estimated based on the linear and non-linear Hoffman-Weeks (LHW and NLHW) extrapolative methods.     

Step-scan TMDSC and high rate DSC study of the multiple melting behavior of poly(1,3-propylene terephthalate)

The multiple melting behavior of poly(1,3-propylene terephthalate) (PPT) samples after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied. The step-scan temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) and high rate DSC were used to investigate this behavior in conjunction with standard DSC, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The effect of PPT average molecular weight on the melting was also examined. In general multiple endotherms after isothermal crystallization of PPT were attributed to a continuous crystal perfection process during the subsequent heating scan via melting-recrystallization-remelting. Multiple melting behavior was more pronounced for the low molecular weight PPT. Step-scan TMDSC showed that extensive recrystallization occurs in PPT samples, especially after rapid isothermal crystallization. In fact two recrystallization exothermic peaks were observed. High rate DSC revealed the initial morphology generated during the isothermal step and showed that the low and middle peaks are associated with melting of primary crystals while the high temperature peak should be attributed to melting of recrystallized material.     

烷基化程度对N-十八烷基化聚乙烯亚胺梳状高分子结构的影响

利用烷基化方法制备了烷基化取代程度(DS)介于47%～17.6%的N-十八烷基聚乙烯亚胺(PEI18C)梳状高分子.通过红外光谱、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X-射线衍射和热失重分析等方法研究了PEI18C梳状高分子的结构、结晶行为和热稳定性,探讨了侧链烷基DS对C18侧链结晶及临界结晶行为的影响.结果发现,随DS的降低,PEI18C梳状高分子的结晶度由54.0%降至20.3%,可结晶碳原子数目由11.4个降到4.3个.受限于PEI骨架上C18烷基侧链的堆积排列模式并没有发生根本变化,仍以六方晶胞的形式进行排列.结果表明,侧链烷基DS或沿主链的侧链烷基分布密度对梳状高分子的结晶行为和临界结晶能力有明显的影响.从侧链结晶的角度,分析了侧链烷基取代度对梳状高分子结晶及热稳定性的影响.     

Thermal memory of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) using temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry

The influence of thermal history on morphology, melting, and crystallization behavior of bacterial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been investigated using temperature‐modulated DSC (TMDSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Various thermal histories were imparted by crystallization with continuous and different modulated cooling programs that involved isoscan and cool–heat segments. The subsequent melting behavior revealed that PHB experienced secondary crystallization during heating and the extent of secondary crystallization varied with the cooling treatment. PHB crystallized under slow, continuous, and moderate cooling rates were found to exhibit double melting behavior due to melting of TMDSC scan‐induced secondary crystals. PHB underwent considerable secondary crystallization/annealing that took place under modulated cooling conditions. The overall melting behavior was interpreted in terms of recrystallization and/or annealing of crystals. Interestingly, the PHB analyzed by temperature modulation programs showed a broad exotherm before the melting peak in the nonreversing heat capacity curve and a multiple melting reversing curve, verifying that the melting–recrystallization and remelting process was operative. WAXRD and POM studies supported the correlations from DSC and TMDSC results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 70–78, 2006     

Influence of hyperbranched polyesters on the surface tension of polyols

The influence of hyperbranched polyesters with different functional end groups on the surface tension of mixtures with an oligo(ester diol) was investigated. The temperature dependence of the surface tension of the pure components and of the mixtures was measured by a modified Wilhelmy balance technique. The results indicate that the surface tension of the pure hyperbranched polyesters strongly depends on the functionality of the end groups. The functionalization of the hydroxyl end groups by short alkyl chains (methyl, tert-butyl) reduced the surface tension depending on the degree of substitution. The surface tension of the mixtures with the hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester was slightly increased at higher concentrations of the hyperbranched polymer compared to the surface tension of the pure ester diol. On the other hand, the surface tension of mixtures could be considerably decreased using 1% of hyperbranched polyester polyols partially substituted with short alkyl chains. In that case, the modified hyperbranched polyesters act as surface active agents. On the molecular level, the enrichment of the modified hyperbranched polyester in the surface region was proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.     

热历史对尼龙1212熔融行为的影响

利用DSC方法研究了不同热历史条件对尼龙1212熔融行为的影响.不同的热历史条件下,在DSC曲线上,观察到尼龙1212产生2个或3个熔融峰,依据聚合物结晶理论,对各峰的来源进行了分析.在160℃下不同温度退火120 min的尼龙1212样品DSC曲线上,低温结晶熔融峰主要由低温结晶形成的一些微晶体或者片晶熔融产生,其晶体完善程度较差,熔融峰值较低,峰面积较小;主熔融峰是由样品在淬火过程中形成的晶体和升温过程中低温结晶形成的晶体的熔融重结晶形成较为完善的晶体熔融所产生,熔融峰值较高,峰面积较大.在不同的升温速率条件下,熔融峰温度有所移动,表明不同升温速率条件下产生的熔融峰的结晶晶型是相同的.在不同结晶时间下结晶,延长结晶时间对较高完善程度晶体的生长有利.在不同温度下依次退火处理的样品,熔融产生两个附加峰,这两个附加峰的峰温都比它们相应的退火温度高,而峰高和峰面积随退火温度降低而减小.根据等温结晶结果,由Hoffman方法确定了尼龙1212的平衡熔融温度为202.8℃.     

可光固化星形超支化聚酯的合成与表征

描述了基于季戊四醇和１，２，４ 苯三甲酸酐，经由甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸酐改性的系列超支化聚酯的“发散”合成方法，即合成反应从“中心核”开始，逐步向外扩展，控制链增长，每个分子形成具有大约８，１２和１６个甲基丙烯酸酯双键的超支化臂。这种星形聚酯分子具有三维球状结构，不会产生分子链间的缠结，在辐射固化涂层和粘合剂等领域具有广阔的应用前景．     

Influence of additives on the crystal structure and melting behavior of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate)

The influence of additives on the crystal modification and melting behavior of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) was investigated with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of a nucleating promoter, Ceraflour 993, had no effect on the crystal modification and melting behavior of PEN crystallized under all chosen experimental conditions. However, the addition of a nucleating agent, sodium benzoate (SB), did affect the crystal modification and melting behavior of PEN when PEN/SB was crystallized at a higher temperature, but not at a lower temperature. A mixture of α and β modifications of PEN was obtained, and an overlapped dual melting peak was observed in DSC curves when PEN was crystallized at a higher temperature in the presence of SB, instead of a single crystal form and a single melting peak for the crystallization of pure PEN. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 296–301, 2004