螺旋波浪状支架治疗陈旧性尿道狭窄及闭锁32例报告

螺旋波浪状支架治疗陈旧性尿道狭窄及闭锁３２例报告武警总医院泌尿外科曾祥福魏守顺陈湘龙（北京１０００３９）关键词尿道支架尿道狭窄尿道闭锁自１９９３年４月以来，对经尿道内切开、液电炸开及开放手术后复发的尿道狭窄及闭锁患者，采用镍钛记忆合金波浪支架治疗３２...     

直视下尿道内切开术治疗外伤性陈旧性尿道狭窄(附10例报告)

材料和方法 (1)一般资料:本组10例均为男性,18～56岁,平均41.5岁。病因均为外伤性陈旧性尿道狭窄。病程3～6个月3例,2～5年5例,>10年2例。前尿道和后尿道狭窄各5例,其中2例并发假道,1例有尿道会阴部瘘。狭窄段长度>0.5cm者4例,>2cm者3例,3～5cm者3例。10例入院前经过尿道会师术者4例,因     

螺旋波浪状及网状支架治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁50例

螺旋波浪状及网状支架治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁５０例武警总医院泌尿外科（北京１０００３９）曾祥福，魏守顺，陈湘龙，赵明正，马全福，吴学杰，李宗来，袁延年，贾永中近年来对外伤性陈旧性尿道狭窄及闭锁，治疗方法较多，但复发率较高，我院自１９９３年以来应用螺旋波浪状...     

应用液电冲击波疏通复杂性尿道狭窄70例报告

我们将尿道狭窄段大于2cm,或经过三次以上手术失败,或造成假道与闭锁者定为“复杂性”尿道狭窄。自1988年3月至1989年10月我们应用液电冲击波炸除瘢痕疏通狭窄的方法,对70例复杂性尿道狭窄患者进行了探索性临床研究治疗,获得了满意疗效,成功率在95％以上。此法采用西德Wolf2137型高压脉冲发生器(膀胱碎石器探头)在尿道狭窄段炸燧通道,亦可辅以电切术。操作简便,损伤小,恢复快,效果佳,为难于处理的复杂性尿道狭窄的治疗又另辟蹊径。     

颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞后侧支循环与脑缺血的关系研究

目的 探讨颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞后侧支循环与脑缺血的关系。资料与方法 颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞患者40例．分析MRA、MRI表现及临床资料。结果 40例患者59侧有颈内动脉分叉以上狭窄或闭塞，MRI上大面积脑梗死10例．腔隙性梗死15例．介于二者之间者4例．严重半球脑萎缩3例，轻度脑萎缩4例．无异常表现者4例。MRA上大面积梗死及严重脑萎缩者侧支循环很差或缺乏。腔隙性梗死、轻度脑萎缩及表现正常者均有较丰富的侧支循环。结论 颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞后脑缺血程度与侧支循环有密切关系。侧支循环差或缺乏，会引起大面积梗死．侧支循环丰富，不出现梗死或只引起小的梗死。     

插管镜治疗陈旧性尿道狭窄11例报告

插管镜治疗陈旧性尿道狭窄１１例报告武警上海总队医院泌尿外科余斌高辉施建昌彭波郑金良（上海２０１１０３）关键词输尿管插管镜尿道狭窄我院于１９９２年７月～１９９５年１２月采用输尿管插管镜治疗各种尿道损伤多次手术失败后的尿道狭窄１１例,取得了良好效果,现报...     

经尿道腔内技术治疗复杂性尿道狭窄56例

目的探讨复杂性尿道狭窄经尿道腔内治疗方法及临床效果。方法回顾性总结56例采用冷刀、等离子体双极电切术或激光汽化技术行窥视下经尿道腔内切开、切除尿道瘢痕组织治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的经验。结果 56例1次手术成功率78.57%(44/56);需2～3次手术者12.5%(7/56);腔内手术失败率8.93%(5/56)。手术失败原因为尿道狭窄或尿道闭锁段过长、两断端严重移位、骨盆骨折畸形愈合严重压迫尿道和术后尿道感染。45例(80.36%)获得随访2个月～5年,最大尿流率(Qm ix)均>15m l/s,排尿通畅。结论经尿道腔内手术是治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的有效方法,具有操作简便、创伤小、安全等优点。术前了解尿道狭窄或尿道闭锁段长度、数目、有无假道;术中充分切开并彻底切除瘢痕组织;术后预防感染、正确保留导尿管、定期尿道扩张是保证手术成功的关键。     

液电效应治疗创伤性后尿道闭塞

由骨盆骨折引起的后尿道损伤继发陈旧性后尿道阻塞,虽然手术方法较多,但因其部位深,暴露不佳,处理仍很困难。我们研究试用治疗膀胱结石的液电效应,并以经改制的金属导尿管放入近端尿道作引导,自远端尿道放入尿道镜,从阻塞的远,近两端用对合打隧道的方法治疗创伤性后尿道闭塞5例,其中4例经8～14个月随访,效果满意。 操作方法 低位硬膜外麻醉后,取膀胱截石位,拔除耻骨上膀胱造瘘管,向后尿道放入顶端有孔的F_(14-16)号金属尿管(原金属尿管割去尖端即成)。致闭塞处,从尿道内放入膀胱尿道镜,直肠扪诊,尽可能使膀胱尿道镜与金属尿管在同一水平线上。我们采用     

创伤性尿道狭窄或闭锁的腔内治疗体会

目的　探讨窥视下经尿道腔内手术治疗创伤性尿道狭窄或闭锁的治疗效果。方法　回顾性总结 82例尿道内切开、经尿道瘢痕电切或激光切除术治疗创伤性尿道狭窄或闭锁的经验。结果　本组 82例 ,手术成功率 95 .12 % (78 82 ) ,其中 1次手术 74例、2次手术 2例、3次和 4次手术各 1例。经尿道手术治疗失败率 4 .88% (4 82 )。手术失败原因为尿道狭窄段长和术后感染。 6 4例 (78.0 5 % )随访 10～ 10 2个月 ,均排尿通畅。结论　内窥镜下经尿道腔内手术是治疗创伤性尿道狭窄或闭锁的首选方法 ,具有操作简便 ,创伤小 ,安全、有效等优点。术前准确了解尿道狭窄段长度、数目、有无假道 ;术中充分切开瘢痕组织 ,热刀或激光彻底去除瘢痕 ;术后预防感染、正确保留导尿管是保证手术成功的关键     

良恶性输尿管狭窄经皮穿肾经尿道双途径联合介入治疗

目的评价输尿管良、恶性狭窄和梗阻的双途径介入治疗效果。方法对131例良、恶性输尿管狭窄或梗阻患者,采用经皮肾穿刺及经尿道双途径方法进行治疗。结果131例,良性狭窄125例,共对149侧输尿管进行扩张治疗,成功123例(149侧),失败2例。6例恶性狭窄或闭塞,共9侧输尿管进行扩张治疗均获成功。随访6个月~10年,患者临床症状减轻或消失,感染得到控制,肾功好转或恢复,不再出现梗阻现象。结论经皮穿肾经尿道双途径联合介入治疗良恶性输尿管狭窄和梗阻,创伤小,并发症少,操作简单,治疗效果显著。     

经尿道钬激光内切开治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁

目的探讨钬激光治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的治疗方法和经验。方法对28例尿道狭窄或闭锁的患者应用钬激光行尿道内切开术治疗。结果 28例患者手术均一次成功,顺利留置F20~22导尿管,留置4~6周,拔管后均排尿通畅,部分患者术后近期需定期尿道扩张。结论经尿道钬激光内切开治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁手术操作微创,安全,精确,疗效满意。     

Retrograde balloon catheter dilatation of urethral stenosis--experience in benign prostatic hypertrophy and postoperative urethral stricture]

Retrograde transurethral balloon dilatation of urethral stenosis was performed in five patients: four patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and one with urethral stricture following open prostatectomy. Significant resolution of symptoms of dysuria was seen in four patients throughout the follow-up period of 12 to 18 months. A balloon diameter of 25 mm was considered to be necessary for prostatic hypertrophy. The unsatisfactory result in one patient with prostatic hypertrophy was believed to be caused by incomplete dilation due to a small balloon diameter. Mild transient hematuria was seen in all cases. Only one patient with postoperative urethral stricture complained of pain during balloon inflation, while other patients with prostatic hypertrophy did not complain of any apparent pain. We conclude that this technique is a safe and effective method of treatment for prostatic hypertrophy and other urethral strictures.     

前列腺切除术后排尿困难18例临床分析

目的　探讨前列腺切除术后排尿困难的原因及防治措施。方法　对 18例前列腺切除术后排尿困难患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果　膀胱颈部狭窄 10例 ,后尿道狭窄 3例 ,前尿道狭窄 1例 ,腺体残留 3例 ,膀胱逼尿肌功能障碍 1例。尿道扩张联合开放手术或腔内电切术治愈 17例 ,永久性膀胱造瘘 1例。结论　膀胱颈部狭窄、尿道狭窄、腺体残留、膀胱逼尿肌功能障碍是术后排尿困难的主要原因 ,多由医源性因素引起。术前行尿流动力学检查、术中术后操作得当可以避免这些并发症。尿道扩张联合开放手术或腔内电切术是前列腺切除术后排尿困难较为有效的治疗方法。     

超声检查在男性创伤性尿道狭窄诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声检查对男性创伤性尿道狭窄的诊断价值。方法对21例男性创伤性尿道狭窄患者进行超声检查,14例同时联合尿道造影检查,结果与术中所见进行对比分析。结果21例超声结果与术中所见一致。14例联合检查中,造影检查有2例前尿道狭窄漏诊,2例狭窄近侧结石未发现,2例正常后尿道误诊为狭窄,2例后尿道狭窄长度不能估计;2例会阴部瘘管造影清晰显示而超声显示不佳。结论超声在狭窄定位、长度测量、瘢痕范围估测及显示继发结石等方面优于造影,造影显示瘘管清晰,必要时两者应联合应用。     

直视下尿道内切开术后再次狭窄20例分析

目的对直视下尿道内切开术(DVIU)的术后疗效进行分析,重新认识DVIU的手术适应证,探索降低DVIU术后再次狭窄的方法。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2009年4月78例尿道狭窄行DVIU术临床资料,对DVIU术后再次尿道狭窄病例进行分析,术前狭窄长度≤1.0㎝15例,1.1～2㎝42例2,～2.5㎝15例,≥2.5㎝6例,狭窄部位后尿道42例、前尿道36例,尿道球部2例。结果 DVIU1次成功70例,2次成功8例,术中加用电切12例,术后留置尿管时间3天～3月。术后随访1年,再次发生尿道狭窄20例,其中术后3月9例,术后半年11例。结论选择≤1㎝的尿道狭窄作为手术适应证,术中轻柔操作,合理选择留置尿管时间等,能降低DVIU术后再次尿道狭窄的复发率,应当有选择性地应用DVIU。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤体会

目的 探讨输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道骑跨伤的临床价值.方法 对17例尿道骑跨伤患者采用输尿管镜引导放置导尿管,随访观察手术的效果.结果 17例中,3例因尿道完全断裂,镜下会师失败后,2例改行开放会师术,1例行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术;其余14例采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术均1次成功.术后均获随访 0.5~1年,除2例排尿明显变细、需定期尿道扩张外,其余患者未出现尿道狭窄、尿失禁、性功能障碍等并发症.结论 输尿管镜下尿道会师术手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快、效果好,是治疗尿道骑跨伤的有效方法.     

MR urethrogram versus combined retrograde urethrogram and sonourethrography in diagnosis of urethral stricture

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) urethrogram versus combined RUG and sonourethrography (SUG) in diagnosis urethral stricture with evaluation of their impact in management choice.Material and methods: From March 2006 through February 2007; 30 male patients (mean age, 45 ± 18 years, range 15-75) with clinically suspected urethral stricture. All patients underwent RUG, SUG and MR urethrogram.Results: The final diagnosis of the 30 cases included in our study, after endoscopy and surgical management, was classified into two main groups either isolated stricture (20 cases) or associated with other pathologies (9 cases). There was one case with normal urethral caliber at endoscopy. For the anterior stricture the sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of RUG was 91%, 90% and 90%, respectively and for the posterior stricture it was 89%, 91.7% and 90%, respectively. At SUG, all cases of anterior were detected with 100% accuracy while for cases of posterior stricture, the overall accuracy was 60%. MR urethrogram diagnosed all the cases of anterior and posterior stricture with exact delineation of its length except one case of normal caliber was diagnosed falsely at MR as anterior short segment urethral with 100% sensitivity, 91.7% specificity and 95% overall accuracy.Conclusion: MR urethrogram has comparable results with the combined RUG and SUG in diagnosing the anterior and posterior urethral strictures as regard the site and extension and degree of spongiofibrosis but MR is superior in diagnosis of associated pathologies with stricture.     

后尿道闭合性损伤的诊断及治疗

目的探讨闭合性损伤致男性后尿道断裂的诊断及治疗方法,提高后尿道断裂的诊疗水平。方法回顾本院收治的52例闭合性损伤致男性后尿道断裂病例的临床资料,总结其临床表现、诊断依据、治疗方法、预后情况。结果本组病例均为后尿道断裂,25例接受尿道会师术,27例行膀胱造瘘术,3～6个月后行尿道修复术。尿道会师组25例中10例术后恢复排尿,15例拔除导尿管后无法自行排尿,接受尿道修复治疗,其中术后再次出现尿道狭窄3例,勃起功能障碍4例,尿失禁1例。膀胱造瘘组27例均于3～6个月后接受尿道修复治疗,3例再次出现尿道狭窄,1例出现勃起功能障碍,无尿失禁病例。结论后尿道断裂伤情复杂,需根据不同情况选择适合的治疗方式,以改善治疗效果,减少并发症发生。     

Radiation-induced esophageal stricture in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy

Five out of 165 cases (3.0%) which were treated for non-small cell lung cancer with radiotherapy (98 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, and the other 67 cases, radiotherapy alone) developed esophageal stricture. Their clinical courses, the relationship among radiation dosage, combination with chemotherapy, the length of the irradiated esophagus, and the occurrence of esophageal stricture were reviewed. One of the 5 cases was a case with lung cancer in Bloom's syndrome, which developed an esophageal stricture after receiving only 30.6 Gy (the TDF value was 46.2) to the esophagus. This case suggests the possibility that a patient with Bloom's syndrome is more radiosensitive than normal controls. The other 4 cases were treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. One of the 4 cases was treated with concomitant use of bleomycin (BLM), while the TDF value was not more than 100 (75.4). The concomitant sue of BLM was almost certainly the cause of the esophageal stricture. The other 3 cases were treated with chemoradiotherapy, the TDF values of which were more than 100 (108.7, 112.5, and 129.3). The chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and the overdosage were considered to be the cause of the esophageal stricture in these 3 cases. These data suggest that in Bloom's syndrome, radiotherapy should be performed carefully and that BLM should not be used simultaneously with irradiation to the esophagus. It is also believed that a radiation dose over 100 in TDF value to the esophagus should be discouraged when chemotherapy is combined.     

内镜下钬激光与冷刀治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁的疗效比较

目的评价内镜下钬激光与冷刀内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁的临床疗效。方法 38例尿道狭窄及闭锁患者行经尿道钬激光切除,25例行经尿道冷刀内切开,分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后最大尿流率、尿道狭窄复发率及再次手术率等指标,并比较临床疗效。结果随访1～3年,钬激光组手术时间长于冷刀内切开组,但术中出血量、尿道再次狭窄发生率及再次手术率均低于冷刀内切开组（P〈0.05）,术后最大尿流率高于冷刀切开组（P〈0.05）。结论钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄疗效确切,比冷刀内切开更有优势。