Natural frequencies of vibration of a class of solids composed of layers of isotropic materials

In a recent paper, the Ritz method with simple algebraic polynomials as trial functions was used to obtain an eigenvalue equation for the free vibration of a class of homogeneous solids with cavities. The method presented is here extended to the study of a class of non-homogeneous solids, in which each solid is composed of a number of isotropic layers with different material properties. The Cartesian coordinate system is used to describe the geometry of the solid which is modelled by means of a segment bounded by the yz, zx and xy orthogonal coordinate planes and by two curved surfaces which are defined by fairly general polynomial expressions in the coordinates x, y and z. The surface representing the interface between two material layers in the solid is also described by a polynomial expression in the coordinates x, y and z. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approach, natural frequencies are given for both a two- and three-layered spherical shell and for a homogeneous hollow cylinder, as computed using the present approach, and are compared with those obtained using an exact solution. Results are then given for a number of two- and three-layered cylinders and, to demonstrate the versatility of the approach, natural frequencies are given for a five-layered cantilevered beam with a central circular hole as well as for a number of composite solids of more general shape.     

某型号飞机起落架支柱减振筒内壁腐蚀原因分析

飞机起落架减振支柱在飞机起落和滑跑时,吸收撞击能量,对飞机安全起降的意义重大.减振筒是减振支柱中的重要部件,本文从工艺流程、理化分析、外场使用和腐蚀机理分析等方面,对减振支柱减振筒内壁的腐蚀原因及危害进行了综合分析,并提出了相应措施.     

废旧轿车无级变速箱再制造工艺的碳排放评估

针对废旧轿车无级变速箱再制造工艺碳排放问题,提出了一种多层次关联分析理论与碳排放系数法相结合的再制造工艺碳排放量化方法。对无级变速箱再制造工艺过程的碳排放特性进行分析,定义了再制造工艺系统边界,将系统内多种碳源进行归类分析,构建了多层次碳排放要素之间的关联矩阵,并结合碳排放系数法进行基本碳源建模,提出无级变速箱再制造工艺碳排放量化方法。基于碳排放评估的角度对无级变速箱的再制造工艺进行研究,并以带轮盘激光修复工艺为例,验证了所提出碳排放量化方法的有效性。实验结果表明,在无级变速箱带轮盘激光修复工艺过程中,设备碳排放是总碳排放的主要组成部分,相比于其他碳排放影响因素,扫描速度对设备碳排放以及总碳排放的影响程度最大。     

铣削图形自动编程系统的研究

介绍了一种铣削图形自动编程系统。该系统以Win2000为平台，以VC6.0为开发工具，以DXF形式读取用Auto-CAD绘制的零件图或工艺图，经过工艺分析和处理，自动生成NC代码，并进行仿真加工。     

轮胎单个横沟泵吸噪声计算方法研究

以205/50R16子午线轮胎为对象,建立具有横向花纹沟槽的有限元法分析模型,利用Abaqus/Explicit进行瞬态滚动分析,得到滚动轮胎单个横沟的体积变化。将其导入Fluent中,利用计算流体力学方法对单个横沟泵吸效益流场进行分析,并结合Lighthill声学类比理论预测横向沟槽的噪声,同时基于涡声理论验证流场与噪声之间的关系。结果表明,单个横沟泵吸噪声第一峰值集中在0.8～2.0 kHz附近,仿真数据与试验结果在趋势上具有一致性;且噪声的声压峰值出现在泵吸状态发生转变的时间段;在时域中的3个噪声峰值出现涡量变化较大的时间段,已确定噪声的变化可由涡量来反映。     

挖掘机液压系统控制性能分析

介绍了挖掘机液压系统的功率参数与流量控制机理,从液压系统的功率角度分析了液压挖掘机的功率控制方式,从挖掘机负流量液压系统与正流量液压系统的工作原理方面分析了其控制性能及优缺点,并总结了挖掘机负流量液压系统与正流量液压系统的技术价值、应用场合及改善方向。     

套管防磨工具评价系统设计

结合钻井工程实际与套管磨损分析技术，从影响套管防磨工具选择的因素及其构成关系入手，运用层次分析法对套管防磨工具的最优使用效果进行了综合评价，并建立了套管防磨工具的资料数据库。利用Visual C＋＋编制了套管防磨工具使用效果评价软件。该软件不仅具有套管防磨工具使用效果综合评价的功能，而且还具有信息的存储、修改等功能，其界面比较友好，操作比较方便，便于工程技术人员掌握，具有很好的实用价值。     

某卫星转播车方舱减重设计

对某型卫星转播车方舱的装载要求进行分析,结果证明,必须对方舱舱体的质量进行严格的控制,在不影响整舱强度的条件下,采取各种方法,尽量将方舱质量减到最轻。本文从方舱的舱板、舱门及孔口和舱体拼装等几个方面,对可能采取的减轻质量的方法进行了分析,对方舱所用型材、拼装结构和涂胶量进行优化、减重分析和处理,结果可满足对整车的功能性要求和质量限制。     

两种螺栓的拧紧特性的分析

目前,在拧紧特性的分析中忽略了不同表面处理工艺的影响,造成了不同表面处理工艺有可能导致摩擦系数和扭矩系数散差较大的问题,影响了拧紧的可靠性。以理论分析为基础,以达克罗螺栓和镀锌螺栓为例,分别进行扭矩-夹紧力实验,测试其摩擦系数,对比分析了二者的摩擦系数和扭矩系数的稳定性,利于工程实际中更准确、有效地控制螺栓的预紧力。     

交流电机直接转矩控制技术研究综述

直接转矩控制技术相对于矢量控制具有转矩快速响应，鲁棒性好，计算简单明了等优点，本文从直接转矩控制技术的发展，核心控制思想和目前国内外研究现状几个方面进行分析，对技术发展的智能化，集成化方向进行了总结。     

滚动轴承性能退化趋势预测综述

滚动轴承作为旋转机械的重要零部件之一,其在工业中占有重要的地位,其可靠性直接影响设备能否安全、稳定运行.文章首先阐述了滚动轴承性能退化趋势预测的研究意义;接着梳理了滚动轴承性能退化趋势预测中关键难点性能退化指标构建对故障特征提取、降维和融合方法,然后进行了有效的性能退化趋势预测模型分类.最后,对滚动轴承性能退化趋势预测...     

等分圆周8工位钻孔夹具设计

随着科技高速发展,各种高科技含量的设备和加工方法越来越多地运用在机械加工中,但最简单经济的加工方法仍是机械加工的首选.本文概述了在圆周8等分工位上钻孔的装置,该装置结构简单,加工方便,对操作者的技术水平要求也低;同时,还适用于圆心同在圆周8等分工位上且直径不同的孔.     

拼接子镜力矩促动器布局优化设计

为了降低较为昂贵的镜面抛光和光机装配费用,以及应对温度、重力及其他意外因素导致的镜面低阶像差,一种在被动浮动支撑结构上施加力矩以实现面型实时校正的力矩促动器在部分望远镜上已有成熟应用。本文旨在针对我国未来的大口径地基光学望远镜,对其拼接子镜力矩促动器的分布进行优化与设计。首先根据工程经验和参考文献初步确定力矩促动器所需校正能力,通过三维建模软件对拼接子镜及镜室进行建模,最后通过有限元仿真和最小二乘法拟合对力矩促动器的布局进行优化设计。计算结果表明,采用18个力矩促动器的分布方案能够对离焦、像散、彗差、三叶像差进行良好的校正。对于具有数百面子镜的拼接望远镜来说,18个力矩促动器的方案在满足光学设计需求的同时,有效节约了建设经费并降低了工艺的复杂性。     

Analysis of transmittance and degree of conversion of composite resins

The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate light transmittance (T), initial degree of conversion (IDC), and degree of conversion after 24 hr (DC24) for 22 composite resins (CR) for enamel and dentin use. The transmittance (n = 10) was measured with a spectrometer at a wavelength of 468.14 nm. The degree of conversion (DC; n = 5) was measured with Fourier Transform Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy before polymerization, immediately after photoactivation, and 24 hr after photoactivation. Both sets of values are provided as percentages. ANOVA and Games‐Howell (α = 5%) tests showed that Filtek Supreme Ultra gave the highest T values of all enamel CRs, while Esthet‐X HD presented the lowest. Meanwhile, Venus diamond gave the highest values of all dentin CRs, while Esthet‐X HD gave the lowest. For IDC and DC24, ANOVA showed differences between individual CRs and the two CR types (p < .0001). Despite the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there was no correlation between T and either IDC or DC24 (p > .05); however, IDC and DC24 were strongly correlated (p < .05) by Pearson's correlation. That being said, as a higher DC reflects better mechanical properties, certain conclusions can be drawn about overall performance. The best IDC values were observed for the Opallis enamel resin and the Opallis and Premise dentin resins. Meanwhile, the best DC24 values were observed for the Opallis, Charisma, and Premise enamel resins and the Opallis and Premise dentin resins. Degree of conversion and light transmittance showed differences between composite resin types (enamel and dentin) and brands. It is important to know at the moment of composite choice taking into account mechanical and optical properties.     

平面机构综合优化目标函数加权系数的确定

本文将平面机构作用的机座系统抽象为三自由度强迫振动系统，研究振动力Ｘ、Ｙ分量，振动力矩与系统响应之间关系。发现进行综合优化平衡时，加权系数大小与系统的固有属性（质量、刚度）有关。从而解决了综合优化目标函数加权系数数值的确定问题。与传统方法相比，文中所述目标函数构造方法可有效减小系统的振动响应。     

一种涡旋压缩机径向随变机构的设计

详细介绍了运用随变原理设计的一种新型径向密封机构的结构特点,工作原理及主要参数的确定方法,该机构可补偿由于涡旋体加工精度不高而造成的功率损失,适用于涡旋压缩机的批量生产。     

某电厂T91过热器管爆管原因分析

通过对某电厂660MW机组燃煤锅炉T91过热器爆管进行宏观、金相、力学分析,发现爆管金相组织为不完全正火组织,力学性能低于标准值,认为原始管材存在严重的组织缺陷是发生爆管的主要原因。     

等离子弧淬火条纹宽度对摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过研究等离子弧淬火条纹宽度对表面摩擦磨损的影响，从摩擦学角度寻求等离子弧淬火的最佳范围，为今后淬火参数控制提供理论依据。研究表明，等离子弧淬火使被扫描表面产生了5μm左右的波度，促使相互运动表面产生油楔作用，促使边界润滑向混合润滑状态转变，摩擦系数降低，耐磨性提高；淬火条纹的宽度为2．5mm时，其减摩性与耐磨性最佳。     

Analysis of the effect of mechanical properties of liquid and geometrical parameters of cantilever on the frequency response function of AFM

The dynamic behavior of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers in liquid is completely different from its behavior in air due to the applied hydrodynamic force. Exciting cantilever with frequencies close to resonance frequency and primary position alignment are two critical issues that should be considered in deriving frequency response function (FRF). In this paper, the hydrodynamic force has been modeled with string of spheres and the effect of the damping and the added mass on the model has been analyzed. Afterward, this force is applied to the dynamic equation so that the dynamic behavior of AFM cantilevers is studied in liquids by analyzing the effect of some important parameters such as added mass, internal, and fluid damping. By simulations of the dynamic equations for a silicon cantilever, FRF is determined in both air and liquid. In addition, the effects of two significant parameters of liquid mechanical properties (liquid viscosity and density) and geometrical parameters of cantilever on FRF are studied. The results for string of spheres model are compared with the other hydrodynamic model and the experimental data. When length/width ratio decreases, it is found that string of spheres model has a better agreement than the other hydrodynamic model with experimental data.     

Decomposition of Design Analysis Problems of Precision Structures of Large Reflectors

The concept and content of design analysis problems of precision structures of large reflectors are formulated within a systemic approach to the ensurement of their geometric stability and strength, as well as to the search for rational constructive options. Design analysis of the deformation of large reflectors is based on multimodel and multivariate computational modeling by numerical solution of the conjugate problems of solid mechanics, thermal conductivity, thermoelasticity, and aerodynamics. Applied problems are formulated with an accounting for the uncertainty of the initial data and the availability of information to computational models.