Zr基块体金属玻璃蠕变行为的纳米压痕研究

在本工作中,通过纳米压痕实验研究了加载速率和保载时间对(Zr0.6336Cu0.1452Ni0.1012Al0.12)97.4Er2.6块体金属玻璃（BMG）的蠕变变形行为的影响。实验结果表明,合金试样的蠕变位移随着加载速率或保载时间的增加而增大。另一方面,合金样品的硬度（H）也随着加载速率或保载时间的增加而降低。合金试样在纳米压痕过程中具有尺寸效应,合金试样的硬度随着压痕深度的增加而降低。合金试样在纳米压痕过程中具有锯齿流动现象,并且该现象具有速率依赖性。具体而言,随着加载速率的减小,锯齿流动现象更加明显。合金试样的蠕变应力指数随着加载速率或保载时间的增加而减小。     

纳米压痕法测量超细晶工业纯钛室温蠕变速率敏感指数

室温下,采用复合细化(ECAP+冷轧+旋锻)工艺,制备出平均晶粒尺寸约为180 nm的超细晶工业纯钛,其抗拉强度高达870 MPa。利用纳米压痕仪对超细晶工业纯钛以恒加载速率/载荷的方式进行测试实验,通过测定压头保载阶段的压入位移和材料的硬度值计算得出室温蠕变速率敏感指数m值。结果表明:超细晶工业纯钛由于晶粒明显细化,晶界数量增多,晶界长度增加,位错增殖,在室温下表现出优良的抗蠕变能力,适合在压力环境下长期工作,其蠕变机理主要为蠕变位错机理。室温蠕变速率敏感指数m值与加载条件无关,主要由材料的微观组织决定。     

中频-直流磁控溅射铝涂层微米压入特性及低温循环性能

为预防TC4钛合金紧固件与机身铝合金之间产生电偶腐蚀,采用中频-直流磁控溅射技术在钛合金表面制备铝涂层,利用SEM、EDS进行微观形貌和成分分析,采用拉伸和划痕法评价涂层结合性能,使用微米压痕法研究涂层硬度、压痕蠕变和循环力学行为,并对涂层进行低温循环性能测试。结果表明:涂层的拉伸结合强度为61.75 MPa,划痕结合力为(2.46±0.37)N,70 m N下硬度为(0.348±0.015)GPa。压痕蠕变加载时间由5 s增加到30 s,蠕变位移从87.0 nm减小至49.3 nm,保载时间由5 s增加到30 s,位移从27.8 nm增大到92.9 nm,硬度随加载及保载时间增加均下降,随循环保载时间和循环次数增加均降低。当保温时间从1 h增加到6 h,划痕形貌由耕犁状向切削状转变,边缘剥离程度加大,末端堆积增加;涂层结合力下降,硬度先升高后降低。     

激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金纳米压痕蠕变研究

目的研究原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温压痕蠕变特性。方法利用光学显微镜观察原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织。基于纳米压痕技术结合恒载荷法,测量原始态和退火态合金在室温下的最大压痕深度、蠕变位移和蠕变速率敏感指数等压痕蠕变参数,并分析两种状态下合金的蠕变机理。结果原始态合金的显微组织几乎全为α相,退火态合金的显微组织为网篮组织。荷载分别为200、300、400 mN时,加载阶段原始态合金的最大压痕深度比退火态合金的最大压痕深度分别提高43%、42%、34%;保载阶段,原始态合金的蠕变位移比退火态合金的蠕变位移分别提高129%、128%、139%。原始态合金的蠕变速率敏感指数m值分别为0.054、0.050、0.046,退火态合金的m值分别为0.041、0.032、0.022,相同荷载下原始态的m值均大于退火态的m值。结论退火处理形成的网篮组织,使退火态合金的蠕变速率敏感指数m值降低,从而使其蠕变抗力增强。原始态和退火态激光选区熔化Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变机理均为位错蠕变。     

聚苯乙烯薄膜表面粘弹性行为的纳米压痕研究

目的通过研究聚苯乙烯薄膜不同深度下的加载力曲线,分析得到其随着深度的不同而导致测量硬度和模量的差异,研究聚苯乙烯薄膜表面粘弹性行为,从而为高分子薄膜受限效应的理论和应用探索提供参考和借鉴。方法采用纳米压痕方法对聚苯乙烯薄膜样品(厚度约500 nm)进行了系列纳米压痕测量与分析。结果加载速率较低时,其加载曲线与P-h~2关系会发生不同程度的偏离。加载速率为0.01、0.02、0.03、0.06、0.1 mN/s时,P-h~2关系中的指数从1.609逐渐增大到1.628。通过在最大载荷时保载60 s,得到了压入深度随时间变化的关系,进而计算得到蠕变柔量,并根据Zener模型拟合得到压入深度为300~400 nm时,薄膜样品存在具有不同粘弹性的两种结构。而根据不同压入深度的卸载曲线,得到样品的硬度和折合弹性模量都在压入深度约为200~400 nm的区域存在粘弹性的非均匀现象。结论在不同压入深度处存在两种不同的粘弹性结构,根据当前人们普遍接受的高分子薄膜层模型,这两种结构分别对应聚苯乙烯薄膜样品的自由表面层和本体层。     

Indentation creep of an Fe-based bulk metallic glass

In this study, the room temperature creep behavior of Fe₄₁Co₇Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂ bulk metallic glass was investigated using nanoindentation technique with the maximum applied load ranging from 1 mN to 100 mN under different loading rates (0.01–2.5 mN s^?1). The creep stress exponent was derived from the recorded displacement–holding time curve. It was found that the stress exponent increases rapidly from 2.87 to 6.37 with increasing indentation size, i.e. exhibiting a positive indentation size dependence. Furthermore, as the indentation loading rate increases from 0.01 mN s^?1 to 2.5 mN s^?1, the stress exponent decreases gradually from 4.93 to 0.94. The deformation mechanism causing the nanoindentation creep is discussed in the light of the “shear transformation zone” (STZ) which provides qualitative explanation for the observed plasticity in amorphous alloy.     

AE42合金的抗压入蠕变性能

采用自制实验装置对Mg-Al-2RE(AE42)合金进行压入蠕变实验,利用带能谱(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析合金蠕变前后的组织和成分的演化.结果表明:随温度或应力的增加,AE42合金的压入蠕变速率和第一阶段的蠕变量逐渐增加;合金在压入状态下的蠕变应力指数和蠕变激活能的均值分别为3.06和72.4 kJ/mol;压入条件下AE42合金的稳态蠕变速率由晶界扩散主导的位错粘滞性滑移控制;铸态AE42合金由α-Mg基体、针状Al11La3和少量颗粒状Al2La组成;固溶处理8 h后,合金中的β-Mg17Al12相溶入α-Mg基体,合金的硬度上升;固溶24 h后,晶粒得到粗化,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能均下降;固溶处理后再人工时效24 h,晶粒略有细化,但大量β-Mg17Al12相沿晶界不连续析出,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能进一步下降.     

一种铁基块体金属玻璃纳米压痕蠕变行为的加载速率敏感性(英文)

通过纳米压痕蠕变实验研究了加载速率对{[(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]0.96Nb0.04}96Cr4块体金属玻璃室温蠕变变形的影响。结果表明,该铁基块体金属玻璃的蠕变变形随着加载速率的增加而增大。此外,根据经验幂率函数计算得到了材料室温蠕变应力指数,当加载速率从1mN/s增加到50mN/s时,应力指数从28.1逐渐下降到4.9,显示出显著的压痕加载速率敏感性。最后,基于自由体积理论和剪切转变区理论对该铁基块体金属玻璃的纳米压痕蠕变行为进行了探讨,并对实验结果和分析结果提供了半定量的解释。     

Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb-Cr块体非晶合金在纳米压痕过程中的变形行为

利用纳米压痕技术研究直径为3 mm的{[(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]0.96Nb0.04}96Cr4块体非晶合金的变形行为以及加载速率对其塑性变形行为的影响规律.结果表明:该块体非晶合金在低加载速率下表现出显著的锯齿流变,而在高的加载速率下表现为连续的塑性变形;在纳米压痕过程中,该块体非晶合金出现室温蠕变现象,且其硬度值随着加载速率的增大而减小.     

The microstructure, tensile properties, and creep behavior of as-cast Mg–(1–10)%Sn alloys

The microstructure, tensile properties, and creep behavior of Mg–(1–10)wt%Sn alloys were studied in this paper. The microstructure of as-cast Mg–Sn alloys consisted of dendrite -Mg and second Mg₂Sn phases and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS) of the -Mg phase was decreased with the increase of tin content. The micro-hardness of the alloys increased when tin content rises, while the greatest tensile and elongation were exhibited by Mg–5 wt%Sn. The indentation creep experiments were conducted at 150 °C for applied loads of 30 kg, it suggested that the indentation creep resistance of Mg–Sn alloys could be obviously improved with the increase of tin content, and Mg–10%Sn alloy had better indentation creep resistance than that of AE42.     

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION OF Ni-BASE SUPERALLOYS

Time-dependent Fatigue Crack Propagation (FCP) behaviors of five Ni-base superalloys were investigated at various temperatures under fatigue with various holding times and sustained loading conditions. The new concept of damage zone is defined and employed to evaluate the alloys‘ resistance to hold-time FCP. A special testing procedure is designed to get the maximum damage zone of the alloys. Udimet 720 and Waspaloy show shorter damage zones than alloys 706 and 718. The fractographieal analyses show that the fracture surfaces of the specimens under hold-time fatigue conditions are mixtures with intergranular and transgranular modes. As the extension of holding time per cycle, the portion of intergranular fracture increases, The effects of loading stress intensity, temperature, holding time, alloy chemisty, and alloy microstructure on damage zone and the crack growth behaviors are studied. Hold-time usually increases the alloy‘s FCP rate, but there are few exemptions. For instance, the steady, state hold-time FCP rate of Waspaloy at 760℃ is lower than that without hold-time. The beneficial effect of hold-time was attributed to the creep caused stress relaxation during the hold-time.     

Deformation mechanisms at pop-out in monocrystalline silicon under nanoindentation

This paper clarifies a common misunderstanding of the phase transformation in monocrystalline silicon under nanoindentation, namely that a pop-out represents the onset of a phase transition. Through a detailed investigation into the indentation-induced deformation of monocrystalline silicon using a Berkovich indenter, it was found that a pop-out does not correspond to the onset of the transformation. The critical contact pressure for initiating phase transformation during unloading is independent of the maximum indentation load or of the unloading rate. The size of a pop-out depends on the time it takes place (earlier and later), and its location alters the proportion of the transferred phases (amorphous and crystalline phases) after complete unloading. A lower unloading rate or a higher maximum indentation load promotes the occurrence of a pop-out.     

The characterization of plastic deformation in Ce-based bulk metallic glasses

The plastic deformation behavior of Ce₆₈Al₁₀Cu₂₀Nb₂ and Ce₇₀Al₁₀Cu₂₀ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) at room temperature was studied by depth-sensing nanoindentation and microindentation. It is shown that the two BMGs exhibit a continuous plastic deformation without distinct serration at the all of the studied loading rates during nanoindentation. An obvious creep displacement was observed during the holding-load segment at the maximum load for the two alloys, and the magnitude of creep during holding-load increases with loading rate. The subsurface plastic deformation zone of the two BMGs after indentation at various loading rates was investigated through bonded interface technique using depth-sensing microindentation. A highly developed shear banding pattern can be observed in the plastic deformation region, though the global load–depth curves illuminate a “homogeneous flow”. The plastic deformation behavior of the Ce-based BMGs during indentation measurements is discussed in terms of localized viscous flow.     

Sensitivity of polymer nanoindentation creep measurements to experimental variables

Spherical indentation creep experiments were used to characterize the viscoelastic response of three polymeric materials with different elastic and viscoelastic responses. A hereditary integral formulation for creep following ramp loading was used to analyze experimental indentation data. A wide range of conditions, including different load levels and ramp times, were employed to examine sensitivity of results to the selected experimental variables. Modulus values for materials exhibiting minimal time-dependent responses were found to agree well with known values and to be invariant of experimental conditions. However, a material with substantial time-dependent deformation in the experimental time frame was found to exhibit some effect of both load level and ramp time on modulus values. Time constants measured in the experiment varied with loading rate for two of three polymeric materials examined, but time constants did not vary with peak load. The examination of the shape of experimental load–displacement responses demonstrated no appreciable plasticity in two of three materials – the same two materials with both time- and level-independent creep responses.     

固溶时间对Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金Si颗粒形貌和力学性能的影响

在535℃对Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金在不同保温时间下进行固溶处理,分别用OM、SEM、DSC分析研究固溶保温时间对合金中微观Si颗粒形貌、断口形貌和析出相行为以及合金力学性能的影响.结果表明,保温1h合金中的Si颗粒能实现熔断和分离,当保温时间达到3h时能获得最佳形貌的Si颗粒,此后延长保温时间则会出现过烧,恶化Si颗粒形貌.固溶保温3h的合金具有最佳的强度和塑性,表现出最优的综合力学性能,能析出稳定的强化相Mg2Si粒子,实现Si、Mg等元素的均匀化分布.     

Mg-3Al-1Si-xSr合金的组织和蠕变性能

通过Sr微合金化和热处理工艺(固溶和时效)来调整Mg-3Al-1Si合金的显微组织,从而提高试验合金的蠕变性能。结果表明:Sr元素和固溶时效处理对Mg-3Al-1Si合金的铸态组织均有很强的细化作用,Sr含量为0.4wt%,时效时间为24 h时,细化效果达到最佳;随Sr含量增加及时效时间延长,Mg-3Al-1Si合金的蠕变寿命提高,但时效36 h时出现过时效,蠕变寿命降低。Mg-3Al-1Si-0.4Sr合金经420 ℃×10 h固溶+180 ℃×24 h时效处理后,蠕变寿命为62.32 h,稳态蠕变速率为5.545×10^-6 mm/s,蠕变性能最优,蠕变断口形貌由解理断裂逐渐转变为韧性断裂。     

Dependence of strain rate sensitivity upon deformed microstructures in nanocrystalline Cu

The creep behavior of nanocrystalline copper was experimentally characterized with nanoindentation using two sequential regimes, i.e., loading and holding. Significantly enhanced strain rate sensitivity was found within an unusually narrow range of creep rate in the holding regime, which is attributed to the deformed microstructure generated during the loading regime. By quantitatively analyzing the creep rate and rate sensitivity exponent of NC Cu in the holding regime, both the grain boundary sliding (GBS) and dislocation activities are found to be responsible for the observed abnormal behavior, with the contribution of GBS decreasing with increasing grain size and increasing with decreasing loading strain rate. These findings provide a potential way of adjusting the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals by pre-straining.     

Cu-P基非晶钎料钎焊机理

采用CuP7．7Sn5．4Nil4Si0．2Zr0．04晶态与非晶钎料钎焊紫铜,通过微观手段对比分析了钎焊温度和保温时间对晶态与非晶态钎料钎焊接头成分和组织的影响．结果表明,CuP7．7Sn5．4Nil4Si0．2Zr0．04非晶钎料钎焊接头由界面区、扩散区以及钎缝中心区组成;随钎焊温度提高或保温时间增加,晶态钎料和非...     

磁控溅射法制备硅钼薄膜及其性能表征

用射频磁控溅射法在硅基底上成功制备出具有低电阻率的单一四方相二硅化钼薄膜，并通过X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜及四探针电阻测试仪对退火前后的薄膜样品进行了结构和电学性能分析。结果表明：薄膜的电学特性强烈依赖于薄膜的微结构和相组成。沉积态薄膜主要为非晶结构。经高温退火后，薄膜的晶态结构发生显著的变化，晶化效果明显提高，薄膜方阻大幅降低。     

Nanoindentation characterized initial creep behavior of a high-entropy-based alloy CoFeNi

A crossover behavior in the initial creep stage during nanoindentation with a constant load for a high-entropy-based alloy CoFeNi is found. The holding time and stress in the indentation tests are evaluated to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the crossover point. It indicated that the initial creep behavior is dominated by the strain-hardening at the beginning and then transit into the dislocation migration induced viscous stage. The transition presents the crossover, where the strain hardening effect predominates in a very short initial period while the viscous stage accounts for most of the initial creep stage with a time-dependent strain rate.