滑移支架放顶煤工作面煤岩活动特点及其控制

本文结合我国滑移顶梁液压支架放顶煤开采的实践，对滑移支架放顶煤工作面顶煤的破碎和放出规律进行了研究，指出工作面长度，煤层强度、开采深度及煤层结构等是影响顶煤破碎和放出效果的主要因素，同时指出顶煤的破碎是顶煤与上覆岩层相互作用的结果，而支架仅起辅助破煤的作用。     

约束边界和销轴简化对液压支架强度影响

为准确分析液压支架在顶梁扭转加载试验时的强度特性,以ZY6800/08/18D型液压支架为研究对象,采用整机建模的方式,建立了液压支架的三维实体有限元模型.根据液压支架试验的测试结果,选取仿真模型上的测点位置,分析对比顶梁和底座在8种不同的约束边界条件下,液压支架的应力分布情况,同时分析带摩擦的接触边界条件下底座和平台的接触应力分布及接触状态,指出顶梁扭转加载时的载荷不对称导致的底座不完全接触的现象.在不改变顶梁和底座约束边界的条件下,分析4种销轴连接简化方法对液压支架整体应力分布的影响.对比仿真结果与测试结果,分别评估各种边界条件和不同销轴连接简化方法的准确性,以及对仿真效率的影响.结果表明,液压支架的顶梁边界选择固定支撑,底座边界选择与工作台摩擦接触,保留销轴并将销轴与轴孔绑定接触得到的仿真结果最接近试验结果,且有较高的计算效率.研究结果可为液压支架设计过程中准确预估应力分布提供依据和参考.     

充填采煤液压支架受力分析与运动学仿真研究

根据充填采煤液压支架结构原理及控顶作用,建立了支架顶梁的力学模型,分析得出了顶梁受力情况及3排立柱受力之间的关系;运用Pro/E软件对支架进行三维建模和运动学仿真分析,模拟出主要部件的运动过程,得出各主要部件在工作过程中的运动特征曲线,并对支架参数进行了校核.基于以上分析结果设计制造了ZZC8800/20/38型充填采煤液压支架,支架前、后排立柱受力分别是中立柱支架受力的4.1倍、4.6倍.该支架在平煤十二矿成功应用表明受力分析及设计是科学合理的.     

轻型支撑式液压支架在构造复杂矿井综采工作面中的应用

为有效解决传统综采工作面受与工作面煤壁平行或斜交落差大于采高的断层影响,如产生搬家困难、搬家时间长以及整体顶梁组合悬移液压支架支护工作面在炭质泥岩底板遇水膨胀,工作面顶板压力大,悬移支架支柱钻底变成"死柱"难于推进等难题,决定采用轻型支撑式液压支架替换整体顶梁组合悬移液压支架,解决了传统综采工作面受落差影响大于采高导致的搬家时间长,悬移液压支架工作面支柱钻底成"死柱"难于推进等问题,提高了企业的技术经济效益.     

整体顶梁组合悬移支架支护技术试验研究

通过对焦煤集团演马矿工作面推进过程中整体顶梁组合悬移支架阻力分布及矿压显现情况分析,并对该支护技术的使用情况和适应性进行了评价,认为该种支架稳定性好,安全系数高,适应性强,能够满足顶板管理需求.经现场应用,不但提高了工作面的产量,而且降低了生产费用,并减轻了工人的劳动强度.综合分析认为,整体顶梁组合悬移支架支护技术适合于焦作矿区的地质条件,在焦作矿区具有广泛的推广应用前景.     

基于CosmosWorks的ZY8800/22/45型掩护式液压支架主体结构件的强度有限元分析

在对掩护式支架结构进行合理简化的基础上建立了支架的有限元分析模型,并对其进行整架强度有限元分析.着重分析了支架在顶梁弯曲、底座扭转工况时的应力分布,并指出了支架强度设计上存在的问题,为改进设计提供理论参考,其目的在于提高支架的安全和可靠性.     

掩护式支架空间受力的模拟分析

按照空间力系的平移与转化原理，将作用在掩护式液压支架顶梁上的外载荷分解为６个分力，采用先分解后叠加的分析方法推导出支架各铰点空间受力的计算公式，偏写了相应计算机模拟分析程序。     

两柱掩护式液压支架空间承载特性研究

针对两柱掩护式支架基于平面力系的承载区适应性单一,难以反映顶梁纵向对称面以外区域承载特性的问题,提出采用“承载体”分析支架的承载特性。运用空间力学解析法,以顶梁为研究对象推导“承载体”外表曲面解析式并分析承载面重叠时的选取原则;对“承载体”进行纵向和横向切面,得到支架纵、横两向承载特性;分析承载体的体积与支架参数之间的关系,并与已有的计算结果进行对比。结果表明：承载面的选取应遵循各液压构件承载力最小值的原则,并要满足立柱承载力在顶梁承载范围内为正值;“承载体”随支架高度而变化,并与支架高度存在一一对应关系;纵向承载区的2个极值点及面积都在支架纵向对称面处取得最大值并向两侧立柱双向衰减,横向承载区按照分布特征可分为3种类型;增大立柱上铰点到顶梁末端距离、立柱间距、平衡千斤顶的工作阻力及与水平夹角均能增大承载体的体积;“承载体”纵向对称面处的承载区分布特征以及支架参数对承载能力的影响都与已有计算结果吻合,因此“承载体”能够反映支架顶梁任意区域的承载特性,“承载体”的体积可以作为支架参数优化的标准。     

两柱掩护式综放支架与围岩相互作用相似模拟研究

基于两柱掩护式综放支架新架型,采用大比例相似模拟实验,研究了工作面顶煤的变形破坏特征及支架与围岩相互作用规律,分析了顶梁前后比和支架工作阻力对支架位态和端面顶煤稳定性的影响规律.结果表明:随顶煤硬度减小,控顶区顶煤和两柱掩护式综放支架位态稳定性同时下降;顶煤较软时,放煤区和端面区顶煤的失稳并不断扩大直至贯通是导致支架-围岩系统失稳的原因,提出了顶煤双区失稳的概念;在软煤条件下,支护的关键是通过控制放煤量限制放煤区顶煤的垮落线前移,提高支架支护质量,控制端面冒顶,实验工作阻力设定值由2.7 MN增加到5.5 MN,端面冒顶高度由2.13m减小到1.66m,顶梁前后比设定值由2.38减小到1.49时,端面冒顶高度由1.75m减小到0.915 m,同时顶梁回转角度变化由16.8°减小到1.2°.     

固体充填开采直接顶位态控制机制及工程案例

基于充填开采岩层移动特征与实际采场中的8种典型覆岩载荷形式,建立了四柱充填采煤液压支架顶梁的平衡方程,分析了不同覆岩载荷形式下立柱的受力状态,结合工程实测确定支架顶梁最优载荷形式为二次曲线;构建了充填采煤液压支架与充填体协同控顶的力学方程;分析了直接顶位态的主要影响因素,揭示了固体充填开采直接顶位态控制机制,即充填体弹...     

Influence of canopy ratio of powered roof support on longwall working stability——A case study

The case study describes longwall coal seam A in a hard coal mine, where longwall coal face stability loss and periodic roof fall occurrences had been registered. The authors have attempted to explain the situation based on in-situ measurements and observations of the longwall working as well as numerical simulation. The calculations included several parameters, such as powered roof support geometry in the form of the canopy ratio, which is a factor that influences load distribution along the canopy.Numerical simulations were realized based on a rock mass model representing realistic mining and geological conditions at a depth of 600 m below surface for coal seam A. Numerical model assumptions are described, while the obtained results were compared with the in-situ measurements. The conclusions drawn from this work can complement engineering knowledge utilized at the stage of powered roof support construction and selection in order to improve both personnel safety and longwall working stability,and to achieve better extraction.     

掘进工作面前方电磁辐射分布规律研究

为了研究煤矿掘进工作面前方煤体内不同深度的煤岩电磁辐射分布规律，利用KBD5电磁辐射监测仪对工作面前方煤体电磁辐射进行了现场测试，基于煤岩电磁辐射力电耦合规律，对煤岩变形破裂过程与电磁辐射强度的相关性进行了理论分析．结果表明：电磁辐射变化与煤体应力状态有较好的对应关系，工作面煤体内部具有多种应力状态和变形破裂状态．文中给出了比较典型的4种电磁辐射分布类型：煤体长期暴露的电磁辐射分布、防突措施后电磁辐射分布、新揭露煤体电磁辐射分布、有构造煤层的电磁辐射分布．     

Rock burst risk evaluation based on equivalent surrounding rock strength

On-site investigations consistently show that the rock burst inherent to coal seams varies greatly with coal seam thickness. In this study, impact factors related to coal seam thickness and surrounding rock strength were analyzed and a corresponding rock burst risk assessment method was constructed. The model reflects the influence of coal seam thickness on the stress distribution of surrounding rock at the roadway. Based on the roadway excavation range, a stress distribution model of surrounding roadway rock is established and the influence of coal seam thickness on rock burst risk is analyzed accordingly. The proposed rock burst risk assessment method is based on the equivalent surrounding rock strength and coal seam bursting liability. The proposed method was tested in a 3500 mining area to find that it yields rock burst risk assessment results as per coal seam thickness that are in accordance with real-world conditions. The results presented here suggest that coal seam thickness is a crucial factor in effective rock burst risk assessment.     

基于岩体极限平衡理论的煤层底板突水危险性预测

基于岩体极限平衡理论,研究了完整近水平煤层底板突水力学机制。综合考虑底板隔水层厚度、工作面斜长及隔水层岩性组合特征,推导出了底板突水极限水压值计算公式。以保德煤矿为例,将突水极限水压值法运用到保德煤矿13＃煤底板突水危险性预测中。通过与传统突水系数法对比分析,阐明了突水极限水压值法的优越性:突水极限水压值法改进了传统突水系数法,可更有效地进行工作面斜长较大时的底板突水危险性预测。     

新兴煤矿22号煤层瓦斯赋存影响因素分析

为了研究新兴煤矿地质构造对瓦斯赋存的控制作用,以瓦斯地质原理为基础,采用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论方法,以煤层厚度、煤层埋藏深度、断层性质和凝灰岩厚度等影响因素为依托,建立了煤层瓦斯与地质影响因素相互关系的多元回归数学模型,并得出与实际值比较接近的预测值.研究结果表明:煤层埋藏深度是影响新兴煤矿22号煤层瓦斯含量的主控因素;上覆凝灰岩对煤层瓦斯保存起到了积极作用;NW-NWW向断层附近容易发生煤与瓦斯动力现象.     

Strength criterion effect of the translator and destabilization model of gas-bearing coal seam

Coal seam destabilization inflicts damage to equipment, causes property loss and personnel casualties,and severely threatens mining safety and efficient production. To further understand this destabilization based on the basic theory of Lippmann seam destabilization, a mathematical model was introduced for gas pressure distribution by considering intermediate principal stress and support resistance.Subsequently, we established a translation model suitable for the entire roadway coal seam with rocky roof and floor by applying the unified form of yield criterion in the state of plane strain. We also obtained the analytic expressions of coal seam stress distribution on both sides of the roadway and the widths of plastic and disturbance zones. Afterward, we analyzed several typical cases with different material yield criteria, obtained the plastic zone widths of the coal seam under different gas pressures, and assessed the effects of support resistance, roadway size, and coal strength on coal seam destabilization. Results showed that: the results obtained on the basis of Wilson and Mohr–Coulomb criteria are considerably conservative, and the use of Druker–Prager criteria to evaluate the rockburst-induced coal seam destabilization is safer than the use of the two other criteria; coal seam stability is correlated with gas pressure;and high-pressure gas accelerates the coal seam destabilization.     

Key technologies and engineering practices for soft-rock protective seam mining

Severe gas disasters in deep mining areas are increasing, and traditional protective coal seam mining is facing significant challenges. This paper proposes an innovative technology using soft rock as the protective seam in the absence of an appropriate coal seam. Based on the geological engineering conditions of the new horizontal first mining area of Luling Coal Mine in Huaibei, China, the impacts of different mining parameters of the soft-rock protective seam on the pressure-relief effect of the protected coal seam were analyzed through numerical simulation. The unit stress of the protected coal seam, which was less than half of the primary rock stress, was used as the mining stress pressure-relief index. The optimized interlayer space was found to be 59 m for the first soft-rock working face, with a 2 m mining thickness and 105 m face length. The physicochemical characteristics of the orebody were analyzed, and a device selection framework for the soft-rock protective seam was developed. Optimal equipment for the working face was selected, including the fully-mechanized hydraulic support and coal cutter. A production technology that combined fully-mechanized and blasting-assisted soft-rock mining was developed. Engineering practices demonstrated that normal circulation operation can be achieved on the working face of the soft-rock protective seam, with an average advancement rate of 1.64 m/d. The maximum residual gas pressure and content, which were measured at the cut hole position of the protected coal seams (Nos. 8 and 9), decreased to 0.35 MPa and 4.87 m³/t, respectively. The results suggested that soft-rock protective seam mining can produce a significant gas-control effect.     

地震属性及其在煤层厚度预测中的应用

介绍了应用地震属性技术预测煤层厚度变化的方法．分析了钻孔处地震属性与煤厚的相关性，对地震属性进行了优选．将得到的地震属性利用多元多项式回归以及BP人工神经网络方法，求出各属性与煤厚之间的回归方程及人工神经网络回归模型．将该模型应用到非井点的地震属性上，实现了对淮南谢桥矿区13-1煤层厚度的预测，取得了较好的应用效果，证明了用地震属性技术预测煤厚是可行的．     

测井曲线在潘一矿13-1煤层识别构造煤中的应用

为预测未揭露区煤体结构,根据钻孔测井曲线信息,结合视电阻率电位曲线与伽马伽马曲线对煤层内不同结构分层物性差异所反映的形态特征,通过对煤层内部的各分层之间的比较、煤层与邻近钻孔中同一煤层的比较和煤层与钻孔内的上、下煤层之间进行比较绘制出煤层结构柱状图。又以矿井煤层底板等高线图作为底图绘制构造煤平面分布图,判识煤层内部的构造煤分布。