递增剂量肾上腺素与自主循环的恢复

为了进一步提高复苏成功率并探索人体复苏时肾上腺素的最适剂量,我们对10名心跳骤停病人试用了肾上腺素剂量递增静注法进行抢救。研究对象均为因内科疾病导致心跳骤停,时间在20min 以内的成人。在抢救时按目前通用的复苏 ABC 步骤进行操作,先用肾上腺素1mg 静注,若无反应则每隔3～5min 用2mg、4mg、8mg 剂量递增静注,直至自主循环恢复或累积剂量达15mg 时为止。结果10名病人均对初次的肾上腺素标准剂量无反应或虽有反应但不都持久,在采用递增剂量肾上腺素静注后有7名病人恢复了自主循环,未恢复自主循环的3名病人心跳骤停时间均在10min 以上。肾上腺素用量多在3～15mg 之间,其中1名病人在7.5h 内先后3次心肺复苏成功,肾上腺素总用量达24mg。自主循环恢复后的监测表明心肾功能都无明显损害。     

心搏骤停脑复苏治疗的实验进展

心搏骤停后心肺脑复苏中脑功能恢复与否是衡量复苏成败的关键,在自主循环恢复后的幸存者中仍有30％患者存在永久性脑损伤。心搏骤停5 min后神经学上恢复的限制有可能被扩展到循环停止后10～20 min,动物实验结果已证实。本研究总结近年来脑复苏的实验研究结果,为临床治疗提供依据。     

即刻气管插管对心肺复苏影响的再探讨

目的 讨论即刻气管插管对心肺复苏的影响.方法 回顾分析在急诊室内进行心肺复苏90例患者,按是否给予即刻气管插管的情况分为A组(即刻插管)和B组(插管延后).并比较两者的自主循环恢复的情况和生存率.结果 A组自主循环时间(9.46±6.78min)比B组(15.37±10.82min)明显提前,P＜0.05,但A、B两组总的自主循环恢复率和生存率无明显差异性.结论 即刻气管插管虽然不能提高总的自主循环恢复率和生存率但可以使自主循环恢复时间明显提前,故在心肺复苏时应尽可能即刻给予气管插管.     

心肺复苏中自主循环恢复预测及识别方法研究进展

心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)是心搏骤停时最常用的抢救方法.2010年CPR指南强调高质量胸外按压,建议除颤后继续按压2 min后再判断循环以减少按压中断时间.然而,临床中自主循环恢复(return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC)多发生在按压过程中,此时持续按压不利于自主循环稳定.因此在CPR中识别ROSC十分重要.目前临床上可用于CPR中ROSC的预测和识别方法包括:触及脉搏搏动、波幅谱面积、呼气末二氧化碳分压、冠脉灌注压、中心静脉氧饱和度、胸外按压分数、局部脑氧饱和度、光学容积描记图、结膜氧张力、经胸阻抗容积描记术及超声心动图.本文对以上CPR过程中ROSC预测及识别方法做一综述.     

生脉注射液对家兔心搏骤停模型自主循环恢复和复苏早期血流动力学的影响

目的 探索生脉注射液对心搏骤停动物模型的自主循环恢复和复苏后早期血流动力学的影响,为心搏骤停复苏后动物的后续研究提供稳定循环的辅助支持.方法 将家兔30只随机(随机数字法)分成两组各15只,采用窒息法建立心搏骤停动物模型;生脉组在复苏开始即刻给予2mL/kg生脉注射液静注,自主循环恢复后10 min再次给予相同剂量一次;盐水组给药时间和盐水剂量与生脉组相同.记录家兔心搏骤停时间、自主循环恢复时间和自主呼吸恢复时间,分别记录窒息前和自主循环恢复即刻、ROSC后30 min,60 min和120 min的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室等容收缩期最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和等容舒张期最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)等血流动力学指标的变化.计算自主循环恢复率与6 h存活率.结果 生脉组和盐水组家兔在心搏骤停时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、自主循环恢复率以及6 h存活率等指标之间的比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但生脉组家兔自主循环恢复时间要明显早于盐水组;两组家兔在自主循环恢复30 min,60min和120 min的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室等容收缩期最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和等容舒张期最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)与窒息前相比明显降低,但左室舒张末压(LVEDP)升高(P＜0.05);生脉组在相应时间点的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室等容收缩期最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和等容舒张期最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)高于盐水组,左室舒张末压(LVEDP)低于盐水组(P＜0.05).结论 生脉注射液辅助用于心搏骤停家兔心肺复苏,可缩短家兔自主循环恢复时间,并且可改善其自主循环恢复后心肌舒缩功能,有利于复苏后血流动力学的稳定.     

心肺脑复苏成功的相关因素分析

目的:探讨脑复苏与心肺复苏开始时间、早期除颤、病发场所、年龄、通气方式等相关因素临床意义.方法:回顾性分析我科2005年12月-2010年12月因心跳骤停行心肺复苏(CPR)283例的临床资料.结果:283例中心肺脑复苏成功41例,心肺脑复苏成功率与心跳骤停发生场所(院内、院外),CPR开始时间、早期电除颤、气道通气方式、年龄等因素相关.结论:开始心肺复苏时间越早,自主循环恢复时间愈快,GCS评分愈高.     

儿童心肺复苏的治疗进展

积极正确的复苏,尤其是提供有效的通气和供氧,防止心脏停搏;一旦心脏停搏及时给予有效的心脏按压极为重要[1]。持续性自主循环恢复指自主循环恢复时间达20 min以上,只有持续性自主循环恢复才可认为心肺复苏初步成功。呼吸心搏停止经复苏自主循环恢复后,如仍无自主呼吸或自主呼吸不规则,呼吸功     

院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏后自主循环恢复与存活出院的相关影响因素研究

目的:以院前心搏骤停患者为病例对象,观察影响其心肺复苏(CPR)后自主循环恢复与存活出院的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2018-01—2018-12期间行院前CPR的105例心搏骤停患者临床资料,对其进行跟踪随访,观察CPR后自主循环恢复与存活患者的病情特点,用Logistic回归方程计算,分析其相关影响因素。结果:本研究所选105例心搏骤停行CPR患者中,最终死亡78例(74.29%);自主循环恢复出院组与死亡组在基础疾病、心律类型、气管插管、心搏骤停原因、心脏停博耗时、群众性的CPR、院前CPR抢救时间、心肺复苏进行次数、肾上腺素注入剂量、入院至电除颤开始时间等一般资料上出现较大差异,数据对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);将上述差异有统计学意义的资料代入Logistic回归方程进行计算,发现基础疾病、心律类型、气管插管、心搏骤停原因、心搏骤停耗时、群众性的CPR、院前CPR抢救时间、心肺复苏进行次数、肾上腺素注入剂量、入院至电除颤开始时间是影响心搏骤停患者CPR后自主循环恢复与否的相关因素。结论:影响院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏后自主循环恢复与存活出院的因素很多,其中复苏前心律,尤其是室颤/室速、急救反应时间和复苏时间长短是影响患者存活的重要因素,而群众CPR与低剂量肾上腺素可能会提高院前CPR出院成功率。     

心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者预后的相关因素,以便进一步指导临床治疗和抢救。方法:按Utsein模式要求登记本院急诊科2007年1月至2012年6月院内外心搏骤停,经心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者154例,对其可能与预后相关的指标分别进行单因素分析和多因素分析。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析发现年龄、性别、基础疾病史对患者预后无统计学意义(P>0.05),心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值、复苏后D-二聚体指标等7个指标对患者预后有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现影响患者预后的独立危险因素有心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值及复苏后D-二聚体指标。结论:心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值及复苏后D-二聚体指标是影响心肺复苏患者预后的基本指标。     

心肺复苏后多器官功能障碍综合征临床分析

目的通过分析心肺复苏（CPR）后机体并发多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）情况及其与自主循环恢复（ROSC）时间的关系，以期发现影响复苏患者预后的因素。方法回顾我院急诊科自1998—05～2004—12成功CPR的33例患者，按ROSC时间将复苏患者分为0～5min组（10例）、5～15min组（7例）及15～45min组（16例）。统计分析复苏患者ROSC不同时间受损脏器的发生率、分布、脏器受损程度构成比及复苏患者ROSC时间与并发MODS之间的关系。结果33例复苏成功患者均有不同程度脏器损伤，复苏后心脑肺最易受损，单个复苏患者受损脏器最多8个；ROSC时间不同的三组患者脏器受损率有显著差别（P〈0．01），其中0～5min组患者脏器受损发生率显著低于5～15min组及15～45min组的患者（P〈0．01），后两组患者脏器受损率无明显差别（P〉0．05）；ROSC时间不同的三组患者脏器受损程度构成分布明显不同（P〈0．01）；复苏患者ROSC时间与脏器受损程度呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论复苏患者应争取尽早恢复自主循环，减少受损脏器例数及减轻脏器受损程度；复苏后重点是心脑肺的保护；对猝死的非终末期患者，即使复苏时间较长仍不要轻易放弃抢救，复苏后多个脏器受损的患者仍有望治愈。     

院前心肺复苏115例结果分析

目的:通过分析院前心肺复苏(CPR)的结果,探讨提高院前心肺复苏成功率的途径。方法:对我院1998年至2002年救治的115例院前心搏骤停者,用Utstein模式进行回顾性统计和分析。结果:经复苏的104例心搏骤停者中,自主循环恢复(ROSC)有8例,复苏率为7.69％,其中2例存活至出院;对比呼救-到达现场间期(CRI)>6min和<6 min两组的复苏率有显著性差异,P<0.05;对比目击者是医务工作者和非医务工作者两组的复苏率有显著性差异,P<0.05 。结论:缩短CRI是提高院前心肺复苏成功率的关键途径;公民中普及CPR;提高医院急救技术和改善急救设备也不容忽视。     

延迟使用升压素与肾上腺素在窒息家兔心肺复苏中的疗效比较

目的 观察心肺复苏时延迟使用升压素或肾上腺素对自主循环恢复率的影响，比较两者对窒息性心跳停搏家兔心肺复苏的疗效。方法 62只家兔均在呼气末夹闭气管8min，造成窒息性心脏停搏模型后，开始人工胸外心脏按压及机械通气，期间不用任何药物，复苏5min内恢复自主循环的家兔定义为常规心肺复苏成功，对5min内复苏不成功者，再随机分为两组，分别给予升压素（0．8IU／kg）或肾上腺素（0．2mg／kg）静脉注射，并继续常规心肺复苏：结果 常规心肺复苏的自主循环恢复率为24．19％（15／62），加用升压素和肾上腺素后总的自主循环恢复率提高到48．39％（30／62）。其中升压素组23只家兔中2只复苏成功（8．70％），肾上腺素组24只家兔中13只复苏成功（54．16％），肾上腺素组复苏成功率明显高于升压素组（P=0．001）。结论 对窒息性心脏停搏的家兔心肺复苏时应用升压素或肾上腺素可提高自主循环恢复率。肾上腺素在提高窒息家兔冠脉灌注压及复苏成功率方面明显优于升压素。     

Outcomes from low versus high-flow cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest

Background

Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is improved by greater vital organ blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We tested the hypothesis that myocardial flow above the threshold needed for ROSC may be associated with greater vital organ injury and worse outcome.

Methods

Aortic and right atrial pressures were measured with micromanometers in 27 swine. After 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, chest compression was performed with an automatic, load-distributing band. Animals were randomly assigned to receive flows just sufficient for ROSC (low flow: target coronary perfusion pressure = 12 mm Hg) or well above the minimally effective level (high flow: coronary perfusion pressure = 30 mm Hg). Myocardial flow was measured with microspheres, defibrillation was performed after 3.5 minutes of CPR, and ejection fraction was measured with echocardiography.

Results

Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved by 9 of 9 animals in the high-flow group and 15 of 18 in the low-flow group. All animals in the high-flow group defibrillated initially into a perfusing rhythm, whereas 12 of 15 animals achieving ROSC in the low-flow group defibrillated initially into pulseless electrical activity (P < .05, Fisher exact test). Compared with animals in the low-flow group, animals in the high-flow group had shorter resuscitation times, higher mean aortic pressures at ROSC, and higher ejection fractions at 2 hours post-ROSC (all P < .05).

Conclusion

High-flow CPR significantly improved arrest hemodynamics, rates of ROSC, and post-ROSC indicators of myocardial status, all indicating less injury with higher flows. No evidence of organ injury from vital organ blood flow substantially above the threshold for ROSC was found.     

Significant factors in predicting sustained ROSC in paediatric patients with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest admitted to the emergency department

BACKGROUND: Paediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to trauma pose difficult challenges in resuscitation. Trauma is a major cause of OHCA in children. The aim of this study was to determine which factors were related to predicting a sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in paediatric OHCA patients with trauma. METHOD: This retrospective study comprised 115 paediatric patients (56 traumatic and 59 non-traumatic OHCA patients) aged younger than 18 years who had been admitted to the emergency department (ED) from January 2000 to December 2004. We analysed the demographic data and the factors that may have influenced sustained ROSC in the group of OHCA paediatric patients with trauma. The non-trauma group was established as a control group. Survival analysis was used to compare differences in survival rate between trauma and non-trauma OHCA patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the significant in-hospital CPR duration related to sustained ROSC. RESULTS: Initial cardiac rhythm on arrival (P=0.005) and the duration of in-hospital CPR (P<0.001) were significant factors. Patients with PEA or VF had higher rate of sustained ROSC than those with asystole (PEA: P=0.003, VF: P=0.03). In the survival analysis, OHCA children with trauma had a lower chance of survival than non-trauma children as the interval from the scene to the ER increased (P=0.008). Based on the ROC analysis, the cut-off values of in-hospital CPR duration were 25min in OHCA paediatric patients with trauma. CONCLUSION: Several significant factors relating to sustained ROSC were determined in the OHCA paediatric patients with trauma; most importantly, we found that in-hospital CPR may have to be performed for at least 25min to enable a spontaneous circulation to return.     

P RECIPITOUS B REECH D ELIVERY OF T WINS

Abstract

Introduction. The amount of myocardial perfusion required for successful defibrillation after prolonged cardiac arrest is not known. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is a surrogate for myocardial perfusion. One limited clinical study reported that a threshold of 15 mmHg was necessary for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and that CPP was predictive of ROSC. A distinction between threshold and dose of CPP has not been reported. Objective. To test the hypothesis that swine achieving ROSC will have higher preshock mean CPP and higher preshock area under the CPP curve (AUC) than swine not attaining ROSC. Methods. Data from four similar swine cardiac arrest studies were retrospectively pooled. Animals had undergone 8–11 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 2 minutes of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), administration of drugs, and 3 more minutes of CPR prior to the first shock. Mean CPP ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was derived from the last 20 compressions of each 30-second epoch of CPR and compared between ROSC/no-ROSC groups by repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). AUC for all compressions delivered over the 5 minutes was calculated by direct summation and compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Prediction of ROSC was assessed by logistic regression. Results. Throughout the first 5 minutes of CPR (n = 80), mean CPP ± SEM was consistently higher in animals with ROSC (n = 63) (maximum CPP 41.2 ± 0.6 mmHg) than animals with no ROSC (maximum CPP 20.1 ± 0.3 mmHg) (p = 0.0001). Animals with ROSC received more total reperfusion (43.9 ± 17.6 mmHg × 10²) than animals without ROSC (21.4 ± 13.7 mmHg × 10²) (p < 0.001). Two regression models identified CPP (odds ratio [OR] 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.18) and AUC (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05, 1.16) as predictors of ROSC. Experimental study also predicted ROSC in each model (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.15, 2.50; and OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.12, 2.25, respectively). Conclusion. Higher CPP threshold and dose are associated with and predictive of ROSC.     

乌司他丁对大鼠心肺复苏后血清与海马CA1 区S100β蛋白变化的作用

目的 探讨乌司他丁对大鼠心肺复苏(CPR)后脑含水含量、血清S100β蛋白及海马CA1区S100β蛋白表达变化的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠120只,随机分为假手术对照组(n=40)、复苏组(n=40)、乌司他丁组(n=40),每组按气管切开后(对照组)或自主循环恢复(ROSC)后(复苏组、乌司他丁组)0.5 h,3 h,6 h,12 h和24 h分为5个亚组(n=8).复苏组和乌司他丁组采用窒息致大鼠心脏骤停(CA)和心肺复苏(CPR)模型,乌司他丁组于ROSC后2 min内经颈动脉推注注射用乌司他丁(10万u/k).对照组仅行麻醉、气管切开和血管穿刺.分别于各时间点取血和组织标本,以干湿比质量法测定脑组织含水量;ELISA法检测血清S100β蛋白质量浓度,免疫组化测定海马S100β蛋白的表达.数据处理应用SPSS 10.0软件,多组比较采用方差分析.方差齐性检验采用用Levene's 法,方差齐性时采用LSD法,方差不齐时采用Tamhane's检验,相关分析采用Person's法.结果 与对照组比较,复苏组Rose后各亚组脑含水量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),与复苏组比较,乌司他丁组12 h,24 h脑含水量显著降低(P<0.05).与对照组比较,复苏组血清S100β蛋白ROSC后0.5 h起即明显升高,并持续上升至12 h达峰值,24 h有所回落,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与复苏组比较,乌司他丁组ROSC后6 h、12 h、24 h显著降低(P<0.01).免疫组化显示对照组海马CA1区S100β蛋白阳性细胞均维持在较低水平,复苏组ROSC后各时相海马CA1区S100β蛋白阳性细胞数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);与复苏组比较,乌司他丁组从ROSC后6 h起S100β蛋白阳性细胞表达显著降低(P<0.05).且复苏后各时相海马CA1区S100β蛋白与脑含水量密切相关(r=0.862,P:0.015).结论 乌司他丁能降低大鼠心肺复苏后血清S100β蛋白、海马CA1区星形胶质细胞S100β蛋白表达和脑水肿程度,从而减轻脑损伤.     

加压素与肾上腺素在小鼠心肺复苏中的疗效比较

目的 比较加压素与肾上腺素在小鼠心肺复苏中的疗效.方法 30只雄性昆明小鼠经食道快速起搏心窒诱发室颤、建立心搏骤停模型,起搏开始后4 min将小鼠随机分成3组(n=10/组):对照组(Sal-gro)、加压素组(Vas-gro)、肾上腺素组(Epi-gro),分别经动脉注射药物(生理盐水、加压素0.4 U/kg和肾上腺素0.04mg/kg)1次,开始胸外心脏按压及机械通气,观察自主循环恢复情况,10min无效则放弃复苏.自主循环恢复的小鼠连续监测心电和血压60 min,观察血压、心率、呼吸恢复情况及生存时间.结果 加压素与肾上腺素组小鼠的自主循环恢复率均显著高于对照组(9/10,10/10和3/10,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).加压素与肾上腺素组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肾上腺素组小鼠在自主循环恢复后全部出现自主呼吸,而加压素组小鼠只有4只出现自主呼吸(P＜0.05).肾上腺素组小鼠的生存时间明显长于加压素组和对照组小鼠(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).结论 加压素和肾上腺素均可显著提高心搏骤停小鼠的自主循环恢复率,但0.04 mg/kg的肾上腺素对自主循环恢复后小鼠呼吸功能及生存时间的影响明显优于0.4 U/k的加压素,其机制尚不清楚,还有待进一步研究.     

Dose-response of vasopressin in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest

The advantage of vasopressin over epinephrine in the treatment of cardiac arrest (CA) is still being debated, and it is not clear whether a high dose of vasopressin is beneficial or detrimental during or after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model of CA. In this study, asphyxial CA was induced in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 10 minutes of asphyxia, CPR was initiated; and the effects of different doses of vasopressin (low dose, 0.4 U/kg; medium dose, 0.8 U/kg; and high dose, 2.4 U/kg; intravenous; n = 10 in each group) and a saline control (isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mL, intravenous) were compared. Outcome measures included the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and changes of hemodynamic and respiratory variables after ROSC. The rates of ROSC were 1 of 10 in the saline group and 8 of 10 in each of the 3 vasopressin groups. There were no differences in mean aortic pressure or changes of respiratory function after CPR among the vasopressin groups. However, the heart rate was lower in the high-dose vasopressin group than in the low- and medium-dose groups. These findings indicate that different doses of vasopressin result in a similar outcome of CPR, with no additional benefits afforded by a high dose of vasopressin during or after CPR, in a rat model of asphyxial CA. The mechanism and physiologic significance of the relative bradycardia that occurred in the high-dose vasopressin group are currently unknown and require further investigation.     

促红细胞生成素对心肺复苏后心肌功能的影响

目的 探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)对窒息性心搏骤停大鼠心肺复苏(CPR)后心功能不全的心肌保护作用.方法 经夹闭气管8 min建立窒息性心搏骤停-CPR动物模型.按随机数字表法将24只SD大鼠分为3组,每组8只.CPR组窒息致心搏骤停后8 min予胸外按压和机械通气进行复苏;EPO组于自主循环恢复(ROSC)后3 min股静脉注射EPO 5 kU/kg;正常对照组不予任何处理.持续监测左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、左心室内压上升或下降最大速率(±dp/dt max)等血流动力学指标.于观察终点(ROSC后120 min)处死大鼠,采血测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)含量;光镜和透射电镜下观察心肌组织病理改变;原位末端缺刻标记法(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡.结果 CPR组和EPO组ROSC后30、60、90、120 min时LVSP、+dp/dt max和- dp/dt max绝对值均较基线水平明显下降.与正常对照组比较,CPR组和EPO组ROSC 30 min时LVSP(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、+dp/dt max(mm Hg/s)、- dp/dt max绝对值(mm Hg/s)即明显下降(LVSP:119.52±12.68、134.32±15.78比165.82土7.05; +dp/dt max:4 457.14±826.22、6 019.85±1 192.19比10 325.93±773.09; - dp/dt max:-3 956.04±952.37、-4 957.22±838.60比-8 421.33±886.65,均P＜0.01),并持续至ROSC 120 min(LVSP:124.62±8.07、145.61±16.70比162.34±7.63; +dp/dt max:4 977.67±350.40、7 471.62±998.32比9 999.39±727.96;- dp/dt max:-4 145.51±729.77、-5 895.64±787.30比-8 089.75±981.52,均P＜0.01);经EPO处理后ROSC各时间点LVSP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax绝对值均较CPR组显著升高(均P＜0.05).CPR组和EPO组ROSC 120 min LVEDP(mm Hg/s)均较正常对照组明显升高(22.94±3.94、11.18±2.58比2.89±0.70,均P＜0.01),EPO组LVEDP则较CPR组明显下降(P＜0.05).光镜和电镜下观察,CPR组心肌细胞坏死、炎性细胞浸润,心肌细胞胞膜完整性丧失、线粒体肿胀,心肌细胞凋亡增加[凋亡细胞数(个):314.1±30.7比165.2±45.9,P＜0.01];经EPO干预后心肌病理损伤减轻,心肌细胞凋亡较CPR组减少(凋亡细胞数:242.1±20.0比314.1±30.7,P＜0.05).CPR组和EPO组ROSC 120 min血清cTnI (μg/L)均较正常对照组明显升高(20.70土5.96、16.98±3.81比2.60±0.86,均P＜0.01),而CPR组和EPO组比较无差异.结论 EPO可以改善窒息性心搏骤停大鼠CPR后的心功能,减轻心肌损伤,其机制可能与减少线粒体损伤和心肌细胞凋亡有关.     

Transoesophageal cardiac pacing is effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat of asphyxial model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effectiveness of transoesophageal cardiac pacing in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. METHODS: Ten minutes after the tracheal tube had been clamped, cardiac arrest (CA) occurred in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats, and the rats were assigned randomly to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a control group or CPR combined with transoesophageal cardiac pacing in a pacing group. Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was defined as an unassisted pulse with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of >or=20 mmHg for >or=1 min. RESULTS: ROSC was significantly more frequent in the pacing group compared with the control group (7/10 versus 1/10, P<0.05). Faster ROSC and longer survival trend in the pacing group were seen compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Transoesophageal cardiac pacing is effective for CPR in a rat of asphyxial model. However, the precise mechanism is not clear and further experiments will be necessary.