低场磁共振对膝关节骨挫伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨低场磁共振对外伤性膝关节骨挫伤的临床诊断价值。方法:对53例骨挫伤病例作回顾性分析,重点观察其T1WI、T2WI及STIR上信号改变。结果:本组53例当中X线及CT均未见骨折征象。MRI检查发现骨挫伤53例,交叉韧带损伤4例,侧副韧带损伤1例。半月板损伤6例,合并有膝关节积液26例。T1WI检出骨挫伤49例,T2WI检出47例,STIR检出53例,骨挫伤表现为斑片状、地图状、T1WI低信号、T2WI、STIR高信号。结论:磁共振是目前膝关节骨挫伤的最佳有较检查方法,其中STIR序列能准确显示病变的范围与严重程度,是检查的最佳序列。     

膝关节外伤的低场MRI诊断

目的 分析膝关节外伤后的MRI表现并探讨低场强MRI在膝关节外伤中的诊断价值。方法 对经临床或手术证实的53例膝关节外伤患者行低场MRI检查，分析、总结其MRI表现。采用0．3T低场MR扫描机，常规应用冠状位和矢状位SE序列，GRE序列及脂肪抑制STIR序列T1WI，T2WI成像。结果 半月板损伤37例，韧带损伤43例，骨挫伤7例，骨折11例，合并关节积液25例，多种损伤可同时出现。结论 低场MRI可以很好显示膝关节损伤的各种表现，可作为膝关节外伤后检查的首选或重要手段。     

低场强MRI在膝关节损伤诊断中的临床应用

目的 探讨膝关节损伤的低场强MRI表现及其临床应用.方法 回顾性分析60例经手术或关节镜证实的膝关节损伤的磁共振检查资料,总结膝关节损伤的MRI表现及其敏感性和特异性.结果 本组60例病例中X线、CT检查均正常,MRI发现骨损伤(外伤性、退变性)50例(83.33%),半月板损伤54例,交叉韧带损伤12例,副韧带损伤4例,关节腔积液43例.骨挫伤T1WI序列检出50例,T2WI序列检出38例,GRE序列检出56例,半月板损伤T1WI序列检出49例,T2WI序列检出45例,GRE序列检出52例.结论 MRI是诊断膝关节损伤的有效检查方法,能够清晰显示损伤的范围、严重程度,为临床医师评估预后提供可靠依据.     

膝关节隐性骨折的磁共振诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨膝关节隐性骨折的磁共振诊断及临床应用价值.方法 对40例膝关节外伤后X线片显示阴性患者行磁共振成像(MRI)检查,8例同时行CT检查.磁共振检查序列包括T1WI、T2WI、STIR.结果 共发现27例45处隐性骨折病灶,其中T1WI序列显示42处,T2WI序列显示39处,STIR序列全部显示隐性骨折病灶.结论 MRI是诊断膝关节隐性骨折的最佳影像学检查方法,能清晰显示隐性骨折的的水肿和骨折线.     

MRI不同序列在膝关节骨损伤中的应用

目的:评价自旋回波(SE)序列及梯度-短时反转回复(GE-STIR)序列对急性骨损伤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析50例膝关节外伤后行MRI检查的病例.所有病例均行SE序列矢状面T1WI及T2WI加权、GE-STIR序列矢状面扫描,分析不同序列显示骨挫伤的大小、范围、信号均匀性、边界以及伴随的半月板、软骨、韧带损伤及关节积液的表现,比较不同序列之间的差异.结果:50例病例中有45例显示有骨挫伤水肿,共有54处,其中6例伴有软骨损伤.伴有关节积液31例,半月板损伤23例,韧带损伤6例,其中前交叉韧带5列,外侧副韧带1例.在骨挫伤病例中,SE序列、T1WI显示43处,T2WI显示47处,GE-STIR序列显示54处.STIR序列在显示骨挫伤的大小、边界中敏感性均高于SE序列,两者之间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).在关节积液,半月板损伤、韧带损伤中,SE序列与GE-STIR序列比较,两者差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:GE-STIR序列在膝关节骨挫伤显示中有极大价值,明显优于SE序列.     

膝关节骨挫伤的MRI诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节骨挫伤的诊断价值。方法:搜集本院2006年1月~2010年4月间经MRI检查确诊的膝关节骨挫伤70例进行回顾性分析。70例中男45例,女25例,年龄10~69岁,平均35岁;70例行MRI检查时间自外伤后5h~20天,平均8天;70例患者外伤后局部均出现疼痛、压痛和(或)软组织肿胀及功能障碍;临床采用保守和对症治疗。结果:70例共显示134个病灶,其中股骨下端67个,胫骨上端(包括胫骨平台)54个,髌骨8个,腓骨上端5个;MRI表现为不规则斑片状或地图样T1WI低信号、T2WI等或略高信号,STIR脂肪抑制序列均呈明显高信号。伴半月板撕裂25例,侧付韧带损伤21例,前交叉韧带损伤11例。结论:MRI能揭示膝部骨挫伤的病理改变,并准确判断关节周围韧带及软组织的损伤情况,常规MRI检查并行脂肪抑制序列是诊断外伤性骨挫伤最佳的方法。     

MRI对急性膝关节骨挫伤的临床应用价值

目的：探讨MRI对急性膝关节骨挫伤的临床应用价值。方法：对117例X线平片显示阴性并行MRI检查的外伤性膝关节病例进行回顾性分析,MRI检查时间为外伤后2h．5天,重点观察股骨下端、胫腓骨上端及髌骨的骨质信号,前后交叉韧带、内外侧副韧带、内外侧半月板的完整性和信号情况。结果：急性外伤后骨挫伤的发生率为87．2％（102／117）,合并韧带损伤62例,半月板损伤49例,关节软骨损伤17例,隐性骨折21例。结论：急性膝关节外伤后骨挫伤的发生率较高,MRI能准确显示骨挫伤的部位、范围以及临近结构的损伤,对临床诊断、治疗具有重要意义。     

磁共振GE、SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变的诊断价值分析

目的：分析MRI中GE、SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变显示情况的诊断价值。方法：分析129例经手术或关节镜证实的损伤性膝关节病变的患者的MRI资料，包括半月板损伤、交叉韧带损伤、骨挫伤及关节面损伤的MRI表现。结果：半月板损伤在准T2WI显示率100％，在T2WI仅少数显示高信号，T1WI大部分显示等高信号；韧带损伤在各序列中均显示连续性中断或信号升高或形态改变，显示率100％，但应与容积效应相鉴别；骨挫伤在准T2WI表现为地图样高低混杂信号最具特征，T1WI和T2WI对比性相对差些；关节面下囊变在T2WI显示最佳。结论：GE和SE序列对损伤性膝关节病变的显示各有利弊，需相互结合，相互补充。     

膝关节隐性创伤骨折的MRI分型及临床价值

目的 探讨膝关节隐性骨折的MRI分型,评价MRI在隐性骨折诊断中的临床价值.方法 选取有明确膝关节急性创伤史、临床上持续疼痛、活动不利及不能负重而常规X线平片未见明显骨折的病例,行磁共振检查,采用SE序列T1WI、GRE序列准T2WI和STIR序列脂肪抑制成像,发现隐性创伤骨折120例,分析骨折的部位、范围及程度.结果 120例隐性骨折发现病灶 170处,根据骨折累及的范围和程度,将膝关节隐性创伤骨折分为隐性皮质下骨折(76例)、隐性骨皮质骨折(31例)和隐性骨软骨骨折(13例)3型.结论 MRI对膝关节隐性骨折的诊断具有重要意义.     

膝关节骨挫伤的比较影像学

目的:评价X线、CT、MRI诊断膝关节骨挫伤的效果与意义,阐述骨挫伤的MRI成像表现。方法:通过276例膝关节外伤病例,分析了MRI常规序列尤其是STIR序列的优越性。结果:55例骨挫伤病例有57个病灶,T1WI发现46个(占87%),T2WI发现53个(占93%),STIR序列全部显示(100%)。结论:MRI系显示骨挫伤的重要影像学检查方法,STIR序列对骨挫伤的敏感性较高,能显示细微的骨髓水肿、充血及骨小梁的微骨折,对膝关节外伤具有较高的诊断价值。     

Patellotibial contusions in anterior cruciate ligament tears

Bone contusions are an important ancillary finding of many knee injuries. Not only are they a source of pain, they may suggest a mechanism of injury or a specific derangement of the knee joint. We have encountered a small number of patients being evaluated for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears with unexplained patellar and tibial edema at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We present three individuals with contusions of the inferior patella with a corresponding contusion of the anteromedial tibial plateau. Internal derangements in these patients were similar to other individuals with acute ACL tears, however osseous contusions were more widespread. In conclusion, patellotibial contusions are rare and may indicate an injury with forces greater than usually encountered in most ACL tears. A careful search for uncommon associated injuries is prudent in these high-energy knee injuries.     

MR imaging of posterior cruciate ligament injuries

Posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) injuries are less frequent than anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries, but are presumably more common than once thought. Thirty-nine patients with PCL injuries identified on MR images were studied. The criteria for PCL injury were complete tear, partial tear, and avulsion fracture. The approximate site of a partial tear was categorized as proximal, midsubstance, distal, or combination. Fourteen patients(35.9%) had complete tears of the PCL, 21 patients(53.8%) had partial tears, and four patients(10.3%) had avulsion fractures. A total of 12 patients (30.7%) had isolated PCL injuries, while the remaining 27 patients demonstrated evidence of other coexistent knee injuries, such as meniscal tears and ligamentous injuries. Of coexistent knee injuries, meniscal tears(18 patients, 46.2%) were most often seen.     

膝关节韧带损伤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。方法:36例临床怀疑膝关节损伤的患者于关节镜及手术前行MRI检查,以关节镜结果作为金标准,前瞻性分析膝关节韧带损伤的MRI表现及诊断价值。结果:关节镜证实前交叉韧带损伤21例,其中完全撕裂15例,部分撕裂6例,后交叉韧带损伤12例,正常患者15例。MRI诊断前交叉韧带损伤的敏感度为95.2%,特异度为80%,准确度为88.9%;诊断后交叉韧带损伤的敏感度为100%,特异度为95.8%,准确度为97.2%。结论:MR1是诊断膝关节韧带损伤的理想检查方法,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

隐性骨与软骨损伤的MRI诊断

目的探讨隐性骨与软骨损伤的MRI特点,分析骨挫伤、隐性骨折和关节软骨损伤间的关系。方法回顾性分析了101例隐性骨与软骨损伤,其中骨挫伤70例,隐性骨折13例,关节软骨损伤18例。观察病变的MRI特点、分布,检出骨挫伤的序列敏感性。结果T1WI,STIR或PDWI(f/s)检出骨挫伤的敏感性为95.7%及100%。骨挫伤病变在关节主要分布于骨骼的边缘,脊椎主要分布于椎体上缘终板下。隐性骨折骨折线走行方向不定,平均宽度为1.8 mm,邻近区域的骨挫伤是其重要的间接征象。关节软骨损伤MRI表现为关节软骨变薄、断裂或缺损,软骨下骨挫伤出现率为100%。结论隐性骨折和关节软骨损伤均合并有骨挫伤,MRI是诊断隐性骨与软骨损伤的敏感方法。     

MR imaging of anterior cruciate ligament tears: is there a gender gap?

Objective Clinically, females receive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears more commonly than males. We explored whether gender differences exist in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears.Design and patients At 1.5T, two observers evaluated MR examinations of 84 consecutive age-matched patients (42 males, 42 females, aged 16–39) with ACL tears, for mechanism of injury, extent and type of tear, the presence of secondary signs and associated osseous, meniscal and ligamentous injuries.Results The most common mechanism of injury for both females and males was the pivot shift mechanism (67 and 60%, respectively). Females were more commonly imaged in the acute stage of tear than males (98 and 67%, respectively, p=0.001) and more commonly possessed the typical posterolateral tibial bone contusion pattern (88 and 62%, respectively, p=0.0131). Males exhibited a deeper femoral notch sign (2.7 and 2.0 mm, p=0.007) and medial meniscal, lateral collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament injuries more commonly than females (48 and 24%, p=0.009, 30 and 7%, p=0.035, 17 and 0%, p=0.035). There was no significant difference between genders for the presence of other secondary signs and contusion patterns, associated lateral meniscal tears, presence of O'Donoghue's triad or associated medial collateral ligament injuries.Conclusion Gender differences in MR imaging patterns of ACL tears exist: females are more commonly imaged in the acute stage and more commonly possess posterolateral tibial bone contusions; males have a more severe presentation than females, associated with more severe lateral femoral condyle and soft tissue injuries.     

质子加权预饱和脂肪抑制在骨挫伤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨质子加权预饱和脂肪抑制(PDW-FS)在骨挫伤中的诊断价值。方法:108例四肢关节外伤患者在伤后60天内行多序列高场强(1.5T)MR检查,检查序列包括快速SE T1WI、T2WI及PDW-FS等。受伤部位为膝关节87例,髋关节9例,肘关节3例,肩关节6例,踝关节3例。结果:108例四肢关节外伤患者MR检查发现骨挫伤征象97例181处,隐性骨折36例。骨挫伤MR信号主要表现为T1WI、T2WI呈片状、地图状不规则低或稍低信号影,PDW-FS呈更明显片状、地图状不规则高信号影,PDW-FS序列更易认识辨别。结论:MRI能发现急性及慢性骨挫伤的存在,骨挫伤常伴随其它严重损伤,如隐性骨折等,MR检查的PDW-FS序列是明确诊断的最佳序列,可以作为骨关节创伤MR检查的常规序列。     

低场磁共振成像对膝关节外伤的诊断敏感性

目的探讨低场强（0．35T）磁共振成像对膝关节外伤的诊断敏感性，并与X线平片及常规CT检查结果比较。方法64例有膝关节外伤史及相应临床表现的患者，于外伤后1d至3个月内均经自旋回波（SE）和快速自旋回波（FSE）磁共振成像，21例又经X线平片检查，10例又经常规CT检查。对所有患者的MRI表现进行了分析，并与X线及CT所见进行了对比。结果在接受X线平片检查的21例中，各种异常见于15例，其诊断敏感性为72％。在常规cT检查的10例中，骨折、隐匿性骨折及半月板损伤分别见于2，3和1例，其诊断敏感性为60％。在MRI检查的64例中，骨挫伤见于40例（66处），合关骨折及隐匿性骨折23处，合并韧带损伤31例，合并半月板损伤23例，仅2例未见异常。MRI诊断膝关节外伤的敏感性为97％。结论MRI对膝关节外伤的诊断敏感性显著高于X线平片或常规CT。合理选用磁共振扫描序列与参数，能够准确地诊断膝关节外伤。     

外伤性膝关节前外侧韧带损伤的MR影像特征及相关性分析

目的探讨外伤所致膝关节前外侧韧带损伤病人的MR影像特征,并分析其与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性,为深入研究前外侧韧带对膝关节稳定性的作用提供可靠依据。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年2月间因外伤进行膝关节MRI检查的320例病人(共321膝)的影像资料。采用美国GE公司生产的Signa HDe 1.5 T MR扫描设备,分别行膝关节斜矢状面T1WI、质子密度加权成像(PDWI)和冠状面、横断面PDWI扫描。根据前外侧韧带的完整性和损伤部位对所有病人进行分类统计。采用独立性卡方检验对前外侧韧带撕裂与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性进行分析。结果全部病人膝关节MR影像均可显示前外侧韧带,显示率为100%。151/321膝(47.0%;95%CI为41.6%~52.5%)存在前外侧韧带损伤,其中累及胫骨部、股骨部及半月板部的分别为97膝、96膝及65膝。前交叉韧带撕裂158膝,外侧半月板撕裂98膝,股骨外侧髁挫伤58膝,外侧胫骨平台挫伤71膝,分别与前外侧韧带撕裂具有相关性(均P0.001)。结论 MRI检查可以很好地显示前外侧韧带解剖及其损伤情况。膝关节前外侧韧带损伤与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及膝外侧骨挫伤具有相关性。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of knee injuries in children

The appearances of knee injuries on MR imaging are less well documented in children than adults. Some patterns of injury are shared by both groups of patients, e. g. meniscal damage. The frequency of specific injuries may differ, e. g. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Congenital abnormality, coexistent pathology and previous treatment of the knee appear to be associated with meniscal problems. Discoid menisci are seen most frequently in children and have unique features on MR scans. Cruciate ligament tears are difficult to diagnose in the smallest children. The ACL may not be identified due to its small size. Normal bone marrow signal may be confused with marrow infiltration or bone microfracture. Radiographically occult fractures around the knee appear to be strongly associated with ligamentous injury as in adult patients. Osteochondral fractures, osteochondral lesions and articular cartilage damage are revealed on MR scans, but their long-term effects are uncertain. It is possible to diagnose a range of knee injuries on MR scans in children. The biggest diagnostic challenge is in pre-school children. Received 13 December 1996; Revision received 13 March 1997; Accepted 14 March 1997     

膝关节交叉韧带损伤的MRI诊断

目的 :探讨MRI对膝关节交叉韧带损伤的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析 2 5例经手术或关节镜证实的前、后交叉韧带损伤患者 ,MR检查采用SE、TSE矢状位、冠状位及横断位T1WI、T2 WI及STIR。结果 :2 5例交叉韧带损伤中 ,部分性撕裂 16例 ,完全性撕裂 9例。MRI诊断交叉韧带部分性撕裂和完全性撕裂的符合率分别为 87.5 %和 88.9%。结论 :MR能较准确地诊断膝关节交叉韧带损伤及其并发症 ,为临床制订治疗方案提供可靠依据。