CoSb3-graphite composite anode material for lithium ion batteries

The CoSb3-graphite composite was prepared by ball-milling. The electrochemical performance of the composite material was evaluated using the lithium ion model cell Li/ LiPF6 (EC DMC) / CoSb3C4. It was found that the CoSb3C4 composite shows higher reversible capacity than the pure CoSb3 alloy, and its firSt reversible (Li-ions removal) capacity reaches 721 mA.h.g^-1, which exceeds the theoretical capacity (550 mA.h.g^-1) of CoSb3C4.     

Nanosize cobalt oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Nanosize cobalt oxides (Co₃O₄) were synthesised by chemical decomposition of cobalt octacarbonyl in toluene at low temperature. Electrochemical properties of as-prepared Co₃O₄ as anodes in Li-ion cells were tested. The nanosized Co₃O₄ electrode demonstrate a stable reversible lithium storage capacity of 360 mAh/g within 30 cycles. The reactivity of as-prepared Co₃O₄ in Li-ion cells could be attributed to nanosize particles of Co₃O₄ and its lithiation products.     

以天然辉锑矿为原料制备Sb2S3纳米线/多孔碳复合物作为高性能锂离子电池负极材料

为了避免目前锂离子电池负极材料制造所使用的高纯试剂和高能耗,采用简单熔融法制备以多孔碳为基体的Sb2S3纳米线/多孔碳复合负极材料.得益于活性材料Sb2S3的纳米结构和多孔碳的协同作用,复合负极材料在100 mA/g下循环150次后仍可实现530.3 mA·h/g的高可逆容量,在5000 mA/g下循环320次仍可获得...     

高性能锂离子电池负极材料CoO/石墨烯纳米复合结构的超声法制备(英文)

以羰基钴为原料,采用简易超声法制备氧化亚钴和石墨烯纳米复合结构。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及光电子能谱(XPS)对该纳米复合结构进行表征。结果表明:粒径为3~5nm的氧化亚钴纳米颗粒均匀分布于石墨烯表面。将氧化亚钴/石墨烯纳米复合结构用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明,该复合结构具有高电容量(50次循环后电容量为650mA·h/g,约是商用石墨电极的2倍)、高库伦效率(高于95%)以及很好的循环稳定性。该优异的电化学性能源于氧化亚钴/石墨烯纳米复合结构的特点:纳米尺寸的氧化亚钴颗粒分散于导电的石墨烯衬底上,有利于锂离子的嵌入和脱嵌,缩短了锂离子的扩散路径,提高了氧化物的导电性,从而改善了材料的电性能。     

废锂离子电池负极材料的机械分离与回收

基于锂电池负极结构及其组成材料铜与碳粉的物料特性,采用锤振破碎、振动筛分与气流分选组合工艺对废锂电池负极组成材料进行分离与回收.实验采用ICP-AES分析实验样品与分离富集产品的金属品位.结果表明:该负极材料经破碎筛分后,粒径大于0.250 mm的破碎料中铜的品位为92.4％,而粒径小于0.125 mm的破碎料中碳粉的品位为96.6％,均可直接同收;粒度为0.125～0.250 mm的破碎料中,铜的品位较低,可通过气流分选实现铜与碳粉的有效分离回收;气流分选过程中,操作气流速度为1.00 m/s时,铜的回收率达92.3％,品位达84.4％.     

3D MoS2/graphene nanoflowers as anode for advanced lithium-ion batteries

Vertical MoS₂ nanosheets were controllably patterned onto graphene as nanoflowers through a two-step hydrothermal method. The interconnected network and intimate contact between MoS₂ nanosheets and graphene by vertical channels enabled a high mechanical integrity of electrode and cycling stability. In particular, MoS₂/graphene nanoflowers anode delivered an ultrahigh specific capacity of 901.8 mA·h/g after 700 stable cycles at 1000 mA/g and a corresponding capacity retention as 98.9% from the second cycle onwards.     

Electrochemical properties of novel calcium stannate anode for lithium ion batteries

1 INTRODUCTIONThe reversible alloying and dealloying proper-ties of Sn with Li have gained wide spread interestdue to its potentiality to use as anode material inLi-ion batteries[1 8]. The searchfor Sn-based mate-rials gained momentum after the report of nearly600 mA·h·g-1reversible capacity observed inamorphous Sn-based composite oxides (ATCO)[1].By in situ X-ray diffraction, Courtney et al[2 ,3]showed that the reversible Li-Sn alloy formationisresponsible for the observed reversi…     

Electrochemical characteristics of CoSnx alloy composite anode forlithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Nano/micro-scaled CoSnx alloy powders synthesized via carbothermal reduction at 800 ℃ with different compositions were characterized for anode materials in Li-ion battery. The synthesized spherical CoSnx particles show a loose nano/micro sized particle structural characteristic, which is apparently favorable for the improvement of cycling stability. The prepared CoSn3 alloy composite electrode exhibits a low initial irreversible capacity of ca.130 mAh·g-1 and a high specific capacity of ca.440 mAh·g-1 at constant current density of 100 mA·g-1 . The relatively large particle size is considered to be the main reason for the lower irreversible capacity of CoSn3 electrode.     

High-performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries

Na-ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and the natural abundance of Na resource. Great effort is making worldwide to develop high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries,which is critical for Na-ion batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of anode materials for Na-ion batteries based on Na-storage mechanism: insertion-based materials, alloy-based materials, conversion-based materials and organic composites. And we summarize the Nastorage mechanism of those anode materials and discuss their failure mechanism. Furthermore, the problems and challenges associated with those anodes are pointed out,and feasible strategies are proposed for designing highperformance anode materials. According to the current state of research, the search for suitable anode materials for Na-ion batteries is still challenging although substantial progress has been achieved. Nevertheless, we believe that high-performance Na-ion batteries would be promising for practical applications in large-scale energy storage systems in the near future.     

氮掺杂碳包覆Bi2Mn4O10锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能(英文)

为抑制高能锂离子电池负极材料Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀容量的快速衰减,通过简单球磨法制备新型高纯Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N(ECP-N为氮掺杂科琴黑)负极复合材料。所合成的Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N复合材料在0.2C倍率下循环100次后可保持576.2m A·h/g的比容量,容量保持率为75%,而纯Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀的容量保持率仅为27%。3C倍率下Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N复合材料的放电容量仍保持在236.1 m A·h/g。引入氮掺杂的科琴黑ECP-N不仅可以有效地提高比表面积以缓冲体积膨胀,增强材料的电导率和可湿性,而且还可以促进离子传输和可逆转化反应。     

锂离子电池石墨负极材料的边缘碳原子计算模型

基于石墨的六角层片模型,通过分析石墨晶体结构及不同位置碳原子的成键特性,提出石墨晶体中的边缘碳原子和基面碳原子具有不同的电化学特性,建立球形石墨颗粒的紧密堆积模型,推导石墨颗粒中表面碳原子（SCA）及边缘碳原子（ECA）分数与石墨的晶体结构参数和颗粒尺寸之间的计算公式,讨论ECA对首次不可逆容量的影响机理并进行验证。结果表明,边缘碳原子的电化学活性较高,易于发生电解液分解并与其它碳原子或基团形成稳固的联接。对于实际石墨颗粒,通过引入相应的修正因子可以修正计算结果,修正后的计算公式可以适用于多种碳材料,如石墨,乱层碳及改性石墨的SCA及ECA分数的计算。     

Electrochemical properties of NiO/Co-P nanocomposite as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

NiO/Co-P nanocomposite is prepared by an electroless cobalt plating technique. The as-prepared composite is characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. SEM and TEM images reveal that the NiO particles are about 200 nm in size, which are modified by Co-P nanoparticles of about 30 nm. The electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium ion batteries are examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and discharge-charge tests. The results show that, compared with the bare NiO without electroless cobalt plating, NiO/Co-P nanocomposite exhibits a smaller polarization and a better rate capability, which is attributed to the Co-P nanoparticles.     

Effects of graphite on Zn-Sb alloys as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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从废旧锂离子电池氨浸液中回收钴并制备微球状四氧化三钴（英文）

提出一种通过蒸氨和相变从氨性溶液中回收钴并制备微球状Co₃O₄的工艺。作为热力学基础,首先分析钴在不同NH₃和CO₃^2-浓度中的溶解度;然后讨论不同的蒸氨条件对钴回收率的影响。通过蒸氨,可以回收超过94%的钴和96%的氨,钴以碳酸钴铵复盐形式沉淀。前驱体沉淀机理的分析结果表明,钴的析出过程有两个阶段,并且在第二阶段的沉淀速度明显加快。在相变过程中,研究温度对焙烧产物的影响,在300℃时可获得具有微孔结构的微球状Co₃O₄;而在750℃时可获得具有介孔结构和高自旋状态的Co₃O₄。     

Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 for lithium-ion batteries

Samples of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 （x = 0.10 and 0.15） and LiNiO2, synthesized by the solid-state reaction at 725℃ for 24 h from LiOH-H2O, Ni2O3, Co2O3, and AI（OH）3 under an oxygen stream, were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, and electrochemical tests. Simultaneous doping of cobalt and aluminum at the Ni-site in LiNiO2 was tried to improve the cathode performance for lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that co-doping （especially, 5 at.% A1 and 10 at.% Co） definitely had a large beneficial effect in increasing the capacity （186.2 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity for LiNio.s.42OoaoAlo.0502） and cycling behavior （180.1 mA-h/g after 10 cycles for LiNio.85CooaoAlo.osO2） compared with 180.7 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity and 157.7 mA.h/g of the tenth discharge capacity for LiNiO2, respectively. Differen- tial capacity versus voltage curves showed that the co-doped LiNio.95_xCoxmlo.osO2 had less intensity of the phase transitions than the pristine LiNiO2.     

从废旧锂离子二次电池中回收钴和锂

采用碱溶解→酸浸出→P204萃取净化→P507萃取分离钴、锂→反萃回收硫酸钴和萃余液沉积回收碳酸锂的工艺流程, 从废旧锂离子二次电池中回收钴和锂.实验结果表明: 碱溶解可预先除去约90%的铝, H2SO4 H2O2体系浸出钴的回收率达到99%以上; P204萃取净化后, 杂质含量为Al 3.5mg/L、Fe 0.5mg/L、Zn0.6mg/L、Mn2.3mg/L、Ca ＜0.1mg/L; 用P507 萃取分离钴和锂, 在pH为5.5时, 分离因子βCo/Li可高达1×105; 95℃以上用饱和碳酸钠沉积碳酸锂, 所得碳酸锂可达零级产品要求, 一次沉锂率为76.5%.     

锑基合金电化学嵌锂性能研究

采用高温熔炼方法后机械球磨和机械合金化方法分别制备了CoFe_3Sb_(12)和FeSb_2合金粉末,并对其电化学嵌锂性能进行了研究。研究发现,FeSb_2 的首次可逆容量为394 mAh·g-1,比CoFe_3Sb_(12) 的首次可逆容量(485 mAh·g-1)低。但是FeSb_2 容量衰减的速度要远远小于CoFe3Sb12。FeSb2 的容量保持率在第10 个循环时仍保持在70%以上,而CoFe_3Sb_(12 )却只有50%左右。通过二者嵌锂性能对比研究表明,减少嵌锂活性中心能有效地缓解合金类负极材料在循环中的容量衰减现象。     

金属有机框架衍生的Bi/C复合材料作为钠离子电池负极材料的研究

金属铋(Bi)用作钠离子电池的负极材料具有较高的理论比容量和较低的嵌钠电位,但是在钠离子嵌入和脱出的过程中容易发生较为严重的体积膨胀,从而导致循环性能较差。为改善金属Bi负极的循环性能,将其与具有多孔结构的碳复合是一种有效的改善手段。在过去几年中,金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)作为一种合成前驱体被广泛应用于各种金属氧化物及多孔碳材料的合成中。合成了一种含铋的金属有机框架材料,并以其为前驱体,再经高温煅烧合成了多孔碳包覆的金属铋复合材料,该复合材料中的碳骨架及其丰富的孔结构能有效缓解Bi在钠离子脱嵌过程中的体积膨胀,从而提高其循环稳定性。     

SnO2/Ni复合锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用机械球磨法将纳米SnO2和Ni粉末复合,作为锂离子电池负极材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS分析球磨过程中材料结构和形貌的变化。对SnO2/Ni复合负极材料的首次库仑效率、循环稳定性及CV曲线等进行测试分析。结果表明:将复合粉末球磨适当时间后,SnO2和Ni可形成结合充分、颗粒尺寸细小、分布均匀的复合材料;SnO2和Ni的复合可有效提高SnO2的首次库仑效率和循环稳定性;SnO2/Ni复合负极材料的循环稳定性随球磨时间的延长而增加,但电极的首次库仑效率随球磨时间的延长呈先增加后下降的趋势;Ni的引入有效减小了SnO2在首次充放电循环过程中生成Li2O的不可逆反应程度,并在随后的循环过程中部分以Li-O化合物的形式进行可逆反应。     

First-principles calculations and experimental studies of Sn-Zn alloys as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

The physical characters and electrochemical properties of various phases in a Sn-Zn electrode,such as formation energy,plateau potential,specific capacity,as well as volume expansion,were calculated by the first-principles plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on the density functional theory.Sn-Zn films were also deposited on copper foils by an electroless plating technique.The actual composition and chemical characters were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP),and constant current charge/discharge measurements (CC).The results show that separation phases with tin and zinc including a small quantity of Cu6Sn5 phase were obtained,the initial lithium insertion capacity of the Sn-Zn film was 661 mAh/g,and obvious potential plateaus of about 0.4 V and 0.7 V were displayed,which is in accordance with the results of theoretical calculations.The capacity of the Sn-Zn film decreased seriously with the increase of cycle number.