全瓷冠桥修复体的临床效果观察

目的 评价IPS Empress2全瓷冠桥的临床修复效果。方法 对制作了54件IPS Empress2全瓷冠桥的42例患者进行临床修复评价，戴用期为6～24个月，平均15个月，采用美国加利弗尼亚牙科协会评价标准，对修复体边缘完整性，解剖外形，颜色，表面等进行临床评价，菌斑指数和牙龈指数与对照组采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行比较。结果 IPS Empress2全瓷冠桥的满意率为98．1％，边缘位于龈上和齐龈的冠桥修复体的牙龈健康状况与对照组无统计学差异，边缘位于龈下的修复体牙龈出血的比率(记分为2)显著高于对照组。结论 在本次研究中，IPS Empress2全瓷冠桥的近期修复效果良好。     

前牙IPS-Empress2全瓷冠修复的临床效果评价

目的评价IPS Empress 2全瓷冠在前牙美容修复中的临床应用效果。方法对107例患者的242颗牙进行IPS-Empress 2热压铸陶瓷全冠修复,完成后1个月、6个月、1年、3年复查,评价修复体完整度、边缘密合度、牙龈健康情况、牙敏感症状、颜色匹配、边缘着色和继发龋等。结果3年的追踪调查显示,133个修复体中,折裂或脱落6个,97.7%的瓷冠边缘良好,84.2%具有健康的牙龈,5个发生牙髓炎或根尖周炎,未发现继发龋、边缘变色及明显颜色不协调。结论IPS-Empress 2全瓷冠桥在前牙美容修复中的近期效果满意,是一种较好的全瓷修复材料。     

IPS e.max Press铸瓷全冠修复效果的临床观察

目的:评价IPS e.max Press铸瓷全冠的临床修复效果。方法:对41例患者127颗前牙和前磨牙进行IPS e.maxPress热压铸瓷全冠修复,修复后12～42个月(平均28个月),参照美国公共卫生服务修正标准对修复体的颜色匹配、边缘着色、修复体折裂、继发龋、边缘适合度以及牙龈健康情况进行评价。结果:在颜色匹配方面,94.49%的修复体表现为A级,5.51%表现为B级;1.57%的全冠出现边缘着色;1颗(0.79%)修复体出现饰面瓷折裂;未发现继发龋;94.49%的修复体边缘适合度表现为A级,5.51%表现为B级;在牙龈健康方面,93.70%的修复体表现为A级,4.72%表现为B级,1.58%表现为C级。结论:在平均28个月的临床观察中,IPS e.max Press铸瓷全冠临床修复效果优良。     

美观区铸瓷贴面修复的临床效果观察

目的 评价美观区铸瓷贴面修复的短期临床效果.方法 美观区修复病例22例,共105颗IPS e·max铸瓷贴面,采用改良的瓷贴面评价标准评估修复后2年的修复体完整度、修复体磨耗、颜色满意度、边缘染色、边缘适合性、继发龋、牙本质敏感症状及牙龈指数共8项指标.结果 修复后2年,105颗IPS e·max铸瓷贴面,在修复体完整度一项有3颗贴面评估失败：1颗瓷贴面崩折,2颗出现明显影响美观的裂纹;其余7项指标的成功率均为100％.结论 IPS e·max铸瓷贴面应用于美观区修复的短期临床效果良好.     

冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈的临床效果评价

目的：评价冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈临床效果。方法：选择修复门诊多颗牙需行冠桥修复的患者30例,每例患者口腔中至少有两个相似的缺损位于龈下1-2mm,需取模前龈外科处理的牙齿,并分别作为对照组和实验组,对照组用常规电刀排龈,实验组用半导体激光进行排龈,术后评价印模以及模型质量,以VAS评分记录疼痛程度,并记录排龈后1周、1个月、3个月牙龈指数（GI）和探针深度（PD）,对牙龈状况做出评价。结果：实验组和对照组的印模和石膏模型满意度均在90%以上,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;VAS疼痛评分显示,实验组90%的患者对无疼痛,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义;术后实验组中牙龈恢复程度较对照组快,两组间牙龈指数差异无统计学意义。术后1周、1个月、3个月PD值均〈3mm,无附着丧失。但术后1周和1个月,两组之间PD值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：冠桥修复前应用半导体激光排龈比常规电刀排龈可有效减轻术中不适和术后牙龈的水肿,提高患者的满意度,获得良好的修复效果。     

IPS Empress 2全瓷桥修复体的临床应用

目的：评价IPS Empress 2全瓷桥修复体的临床应用效果。方法：3年间共完成38件IPS Empress 2三单位固定桥修复体，参考美国公共健康协会的修正标准，对其临床效果进行追踪评价。结果：经5－45个月的临床追踪观察，IPS Empress 2全瓷桥修复体外形、边缘着色、基牙继发龋、桥体折断情况良好。结论：IPS Empress 2全瓷桥修复体近期修复效果良好。     

IPS e.max CAD LT低度透明瓷块修复后牙缺损的临床效果观察

目的评价应用IPS e.max CAD LT低度透明瓷块切割形成全解剖形态全冠修复后牙缺损的效果。方法选择我院就诊的54例IPS e.max CAD LT瓷全冠修复后牙患者、共计86颗牙单位为研究对象,修复后3、6、12个月根据美国公共健康协会的修正标准对修复体进行评价,并调查满意度。结果 12个月的追踪调查显示,86个修复体中,折断并脱落1个,96%的修复体颜色、形态、边缘着色、边缘密合度等各项检查达到A级,满意度达到94%。结论 IPS e.max CAD LT低度透明瓷块整体切割形成全解剖形态全冠修复体可获得理想的修复效果,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

IPS Empress 2全瓷冠前牙美容修复的临床应用

目的临床评价IPS Empress 2全瓷冠在前牙美容修复中的应用效果。方法共完成215颗前牙IPS Empress 2全瓷冠修复体，参考美国公共健康协会的修正标准，对其临床结果进行追踪评价。结果经12～60个月的临床追踪，215颗IPS Empress 2前牙全瓷冠边缘密合度、边缘着色、解剖形态、修复体周围龋、修复体颜色及修复体有无折裂等指标分别为207—215颗为A级，修复效果令人满意。结论IPS Empress 2全瓷冠美容修复前牙疗效满意。     

全氧化锆嵌体冠在牙合龈距严重不足下颌患牙修复中的应用

目的评价全氧化锆嵌体冠修复牙合龈距严重不足者下颌患牙的疗效。方法选择下颌后牙牙合龈距小于2 mm,无法行全冠修复的21个病例,根管治疗术后,制作21个全氧化锆嵌体冠进行修复。结果经2~3年随访观察修复体的边缘密合性、牙龈指数、崩瓷现象等指标,21个修复体使用正常。患者对牙体外形及功能恢复满意。结论全氧化锆嵌体冠对于治疗下颌牙合龈距严重不足患牙是一种简单、易行、效果良好的修复方法。     

热压铸陶瓷二代（IPS—EMPRESSⅡ）与肩台瓷修复体颈缘效果三年临床评估

目的评估比较热压铸瓷二代（IPS—Empress）修复体和肩台瓷（IPS—Margin）金瓷修复体颈缘的临床效果。方法临床为63例患者的90颗患牙进行IPS—Empress热压铸陶瓷全冠修复,为98例患者的129颗患牙进行有肩台瓷的PFM全冠修复。永久性粘结后6个月和36个月复诊,比较修复体颈缘临床效果。结果在比较后发现铸瓷全冠和肩台瓷在牙龈变色,颈缘适合度,牙龈炎症三方面均无显著性差异。结论肩台瓷修复体与全瓷修复体能达到相同的颈缘效果。对想解决颈缘问题又无力支付全瓷冠的修复患者来说,肩台瓷不失为一种好的选择。     

Clinical evaluation of all-ceramic crowns

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There are few in vivo studies on the clinical performance of all-ceramic crowns. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of IPS Empress crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven all-ceramic IPS Empress crowns were placed in 20 patients. Twenty crowns were luted with Variolink II low-viscosity resin cement in combination with Syntac Classic dentin adhesive; the remaining 17 were luted with Variolink II in combination with Syntac Single Component. All procedural steps were performed by the same prosthodontist. Using the California Dental Association's (CDA) quality evaluation system, 2 calibrated evaluators examined the crowns for margin integrity, anatomic form, surface, and color for a period of 12 to 41 months, with a mean of 24.56 months after insertion. Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis was used to calculate the survival rate of the crowns. Values obtained for plaque and gingival conditions were compared to control teeth with use of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (P<.05). RESULTS: Based on the CDA criteria, 94.6% of the crowns were rated satisfactory. Fracture was registered in only 1 crown. One endodontically treated tooth failed due to the dislodgement of the prefabricated dowel. No significant difference was observed in the gingival health status of crowns that had margins placed above or at the level of the gingival margin. However, in crowns that had subgingival margin finish lines, the percentage of bleeding on probing was significantly higher than that of the contralateral control teeth. CONCLUSION: In this in vivo study, IPS Empress crowns luted with both dentin bonding agents functioned satisfactorily with a relatively low fracture rate over a mean evaluation period of 24.56 months.     

Periodontal response to all-ceramic crowns (IPS Empress) in general practice

Abstract:  Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal response to the presence of all-ceramic crowns (IPS Empress) in general practice patients. Methods:  The convenience sample included 82 IPS Empress crowns placed in 64 patients. These crowns had been in place for an average of 16.27 (SD 9.26) months and ranged from 6.2 to 48.87 months at the time of clinical examination. Periodontal health status (as determined by dental plaque, gingival health status, periodontal pockets) was assessed around all crowned teeth and around matched contralateral teeth by one calibrated examiner. Periodontal indices utilized included the Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and pocket depth (PD) with calibrated probes graduated in millimetres. Plaque, gingival and PD values for crowned teeth were compared with those for control teeth using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for each clinical parameters. Chi-square was used to test the significance of the difference in their distribution between crowns and control teeth. Results:  Statistically, PI (0.35), GI (0.41) and mean PD scores (1.42) of IPS Empress crowned teeth compared less favourably with scores of the control teeth (0.27, 0.23 and 0.86 respectively). Conclusion:  Teeth with IPS Empress crowns had poorer periodontal health and more clinically evident plaque than uncrowned teeth.     

A short-term clinical evaluation of IPS Empress 2 crowns

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of all-ceramic crowns made with the IPS Empress 2 system after an observation period of 12 to 60 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-nine IPS Empress 2 crowns were placed in 21 patients. The all-ceramic crowns were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and using clinical photographs. The evaluations took place at baseline (2 days after cementation) and at 6-month intervals for 12 to 60 months. Survival rate of the crowns was determined using Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis. RESULTS: Based on the US Public Health Service criteria, 95.24% of the crowns were rated satisfactory after a mean follow-up period of 58 months. Fracture was registered in only 1 crown. One endodontically treated tooth failed as a result of fracture at the cervical margin area. CONCLUSION: In this in vivo study, IPS Empress 2 crowns exhibited a satisfactory clinical performance during an observation period ranging from 12 to 60 months.     

Fracture Resistances of Cast Metal and Ceramic Dowel and Core Restorations: A Pilot Study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare fracture strengths of teeth restored with cast metal and ceramic dowel and cores supporting all-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen recently extracted teeth were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Metal dowel and cores (MDC) were fabricated for 1 group using a base metal alloy, and served as the control. The other groups received In-Ceram Spinell (ICS) and IPS Empress 2 (IPS) dowel and cores. IPS Empress 1 crowns were fabricated for all samples. Each tooth was subjected to a shear force at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min on a universal testing machine until failure occurred. RESULTS: The mean fracture strengths and standard deviations of MDC, ICS, and IPS restorations were 1101 N (361), 832 N (288), and 1137 N (367), respectively. The differences between groups were insignificant (p < 0.05). Fractures of the all-ceramic crowns were observed in the MDC group, whereas the failure of ceramic dowel and core restorations was associated with root fracture at the cervical region. CONCLUSIONS: Due to improved mechanical properties, In-Ceram Spinell and IPS Empress 2 ceramic dowel and cores may be candidates for the restoration of endodontically treated anterior teeth.     

Clinical application of all-ceramic fixed partial dentures and crowns.

The esthetic demands of patients have increased considerably during recent years. Due to this increasing interest in esthetics, as well as concerns about toxic and allergic reactions, the use of all-ceramic restorations has increased. One of the systems introduced for all-ceramic restorations is the IPS Empress system. This article examines one all-ceramic restoration system, IPS Empress, and presents patient cases in which all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures have been utilized.     

In vitro marginal fit of three all-ceramic crown systems

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Studies on marginal discrepancies of single restorations using various systems and materials have resulted in statistical inferences that are ambiguous because of small sample sizes and limited numbers of measurements per specimen. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation of single anterior restorations made using different systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The in vitro marginal discrepancies of 3 different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram, conventional In-Ceram, and IPS Empress 2 layering technique), and a control group of metal ceramic restorations were evaluated and compared by measuring the gap dimension between the crowns and the prepared tooth at the marginal opening. The crowns were made for 1 extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1-mm shoulder margin and 6-degree tapered walls by milling. Thirty crowns per system were fabricated. Crown measurements were recorded with an optical microscope, with an accuracy of +/-0.1 microm, at 50 points spaced approximately 400 microm along the circumferential margin. The criterion of 120 microm was used as the maximum clinically acceptable marginal gap. Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations were calculated for marginal opening. The data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the incisor crowns were 87 +/- 34 microm for control, 83 +/- 33 microm for Celay In-Ceram, 112 +/- 55 microm for conventional In-Ceram, and 46 +/- 16 microm for the IPS Empress 2 layering technique. Significant differences were found among the crown groups (P<.05). Compared with the control group, the IPS Empress 2 group had significantly smaller marginal discrepancies (P<.05), and the conventional In-Ceram group exhibited significantly greater marginal discrepancies (P<.05). There was no significant difference between the Celay In-Ceram and the control group. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the marginal discrepancies were all within the clinically acceptable standard set at 120 microm. However, the IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest and most homogeneous gap dimension, whereas the conventional In-Ceram system presented the largest and more variable gap dimension compared with the metal ceramic (control) restoration.     

三种全瓷基底与其相应饰面瓷的结合性能研究

目的:测试并比较3种全瓷基底材料与其相应饰面瓷的结合强度,为临床选择合适的修复材料提供依据。方法:将成品Lava Frame、Vita In-Ceram Alumina、IPS EmpressⅡ瓷块、StarLoy钴铬合金制成长方体试件,分别在其表面烧结相应的饰面瓷,测试抗剪切强度,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和扫描电镜观察破坏模式。结果:Lava、Vita、IPS EmpressⅡ、金瓷复合体的抗剪强度值分别为11.40±1.08、9.44±1.23、25.56±1.70、27.02±2.06MPa。IPS EmpressⅡ、金瓷复合体的抗剪切强度显著高于Lava和Vita(P<0.05);IPS EmpressⅡ与金瓷复合体的抗剪切强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Lava与Vita差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IPS Em-pressⅡ的破坏模式以基底材料破坏为主,Lava、Vita、金瓷复合体以饰面瓷破坏为主。结论:IPS EmpressⅡ基底与饰面瓷的结合强度最高,与金瓷复合体无差别。     

Fixed partial dentures with an all-ceramic system: a case report.

The success of a dental prosthesis is judged according to function, comfort, phonetics, and esthetics. The purpose of a treatment is to come as close as possible to replicating the natural state. For anterior fixed partial dentures, the all-ceramic system IPS Empress 2 offers light transmission and reflection comparable to that of natural teeth, provided that the pink esthetics are optimized in the preprosthetic treatment phase. In this case report, a laboratory-made provisional was placed after extraction of an anterior tooth. Six months later, preprosthetic periodontal surgery was carried out to enhance gingival harmony. The design of the post and core, preparation, and cementation are important parameters for the success of all-ceramic restorations.     

不同金属烤瓷冠及全瓷冠对龈沟液中炎症介质及 MMP- 8 的影响

目的：探讨镍铬合金、钴铬合金、金合金烤瓷冠及IPSE．max全瓷冠修复前后对前牙龈沟液中炎症介质及基质金属蛋白酶-8表达水平的影响。方法：选择牙体缺损需进行全冠修复的上颌前牙80颗并完全随机分为4组（n=20）,分别以镍铬合金、钴铬合金、金合金烤瓷冠及IPSE．max全瓷冠对患牙进行修复。在修复前及修复后6个月分别采集患牙龈沟液标本,用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定龈沟液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和MMP-8的含量。使用单因素方差分析、LSD-t检验和配对t检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果：修复后6个月,镍铬合金组和钻铬合金组各项指标较修复前差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中,镍铬合金组各项数据显著高于钻铬合金组,后者显著高于金合金组（P〈0．05）,而金合金组与全瓷组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：相对于镍铬合金与钴铬合金烤瓷冠,金合金烤瓷冠与IPSE．max全瓷冠对牙龈炎症介质及MMP-8影响较小,具有较好的生物相容性,更适合用于前牙牙体缺损的修复。