HOXA10的辅因子Meis1、Pbx1在人子宫内膜中的表达

目的:探讨HOXA10的两个辅因子Pbx1和Meis1在人正常子宫内膜中的表达及其变化规律。方法:采用原位杂交进行组织学定位,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)进行半定量,在mRNA水平上检测人正常月经周期子宫内膜中Pbx1和Meis1的表达水平。结果:Meis1在子宫内膜基质细胞和腺上皮细胞均有表达,其中腺上皮细胞的表达高于基质细胞;增生期Meis1仅有弱表达,分泌期显著增加(P<0.05),以分泌中期表达最强(P<0.05)。在整个月经周期中并未检测到Pbx1的表达。结论:Meis1作为HOXA10的辅因子,在人正常子宫内膜中规律性的表达,可能对HOXA10介导的胚胎着床发挥着重要作用。     

月经周期人子宫内膜腺上皮和基质细胞HOXA11表达的差异

目的:探讨HOXA11在月经周期人子宫内膜腺上皮和基质细胞中的表达规律及其生理意义。方法:免疫组织化学方法观察38例子宫内膜腺上皮和基质细胞HOXA11蛋白质的表达;用细胞分离筛选法,分离出子宫内膜腺上皮细胞和基质细胞,采用半定量RT-PCR和Dot-blot方法分别观察HOXA11在腺上皮和基质细胞中的表达。结果:腺上皮细胞HOXA11在分泌中晚期表达量较增生期和分泌早期显著降低;基质细胞HOXA11的表达从增生期到分泌期逐渐增加,以分泌中晚期表达量最高。结论:内膜腺上皮和基质细胞HOXA11表达在分泌中晚期变化最显著,而且其表达量呈反相变化,即腺上皮表达量下降,基质细胞表达量增加。提示HOXA11基因与着床期子宫内膜的分化、成熟密切相关;其对内膜腺上皮和基质细胞的调控机制可能不尽相同。     

囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子在子宫内膜中表达的变化及其意义

目的　探讨囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子 (CFTR)在人月经周期子宫内膜中表达的变化及其意义。方法　采用免疫组化、免疫印迹、原位杂交方法检测人月经周期子宫内膜中CFTR的蛋白及mRNA的分布与含量变化。结果　 (1)CFTR仅在子宫内膜腺上皮细胞中表达 ,增生期晚期、分泌期、月经期内膜腺上皮细胞中均富含CFTR ,与增生期早期相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;免疫印迹法证实 ,增生期晚期、分泌期内膜存在特异性的、相对分子质量为 170 0 0 0的CFTR条带 ;(2 )CFTRmRNA在增生期晚期和分泌期早期子宫内膜中含量最高 ,与增生期早期、分泌期晚期相比 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　人月经周期子宫内膜腺上皮细胞中存在CFTRmRNA和蛋白的表达 ,含量均随月经周期而变化 ;增生期晚期CFTR表达的增强。分泌期CFTR的表达及局部调节可能参与人类胚泡着床的调控。     

HOXA-11基因与不孕及妊娠失败关系的研究

目的 :研究HOXA 11基因与不孕及妊娠失败的关系。方法 :选择 4 1例不明原因不孕症患者及 30例难免流产患者 ,同时选择 2 8例正常未孕者及 18例正常早期妊娠者分别作为对照组 ,留取子宫内膜或蜕膜组织。子宫内膜标本通过组织学检查分为增生期或分泌期。难免流产及正常妊娠组均妊娠 6～ 9周。采用原位杂交方法检测所有子宫内膜或蜕膜组织中的HOXA 11基因mRNA的表达。结果 :整个月经周期子宫内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞中均有HOXA 11基因mRNA表达 ,并因月经周期不同而有所波动。HOXA 11基因mRNA在分泌中晚期子宫内膜间质细胞中阳性表达率为 10 0 % ,在增生期子宫内膜间质细胞中的阳性表达率为 6 3.6 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在不明原因不孕症患者中HOXA 11基因失去了它在正常子宫内膜表达的周期性变化 ,而且基因表达缺失明显。HOX A 11基因在正常增生期及分泌期子宫内膜腺上皮细胞或间质细胞中的阳性表达率分别为90 .9%、82 .4 %和 6 3.6 %、10 0 % ,在不孕症增生期及分泌期子宫内膜两种细胞的阳性表达率分别为 38.9%、4 7.8%和 2 2 .2 %、39.1% ,两组分别比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;HOXA 11基因在正常早期妊娠蜕膜细胞中持续表达 ,其阳性表达率均为 10 0 % ,在难免流产蜕膜细胞中的阳性表达     

TGFβI及其受体在子宫内膜和早孕蜕膜中的表达及意义

目的　探讨转化生长因子 β1 (transforminggrowthfactorβ1 ,TGFβ1 )及受体Ⅰ、Ⅱ型 (TβRⅠ、TβRⅡ )在子宫内膜及早孕 (孕 3个月以内 )蜕膜组织的表达规律 ,了解其对子宫内膜生物学作用。 方法　应用免疫组织化学法 (SP法 )检测 2 5例增生期、 2 9例分泌期子宫内膜及 1 2例早孕蜕膜中TGFβ1及其受体的蛋白表达。结果　TGFβ1、TβRⅠ、TβRⅡ在早、中增生期腺体及间质细胞大多无表达或弱阳性 ,晚增生期三者染色强度明显增加 ,与早、中增生期相比 ,在腺上皮细胞染色有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1 )。TGFβ1及受体在中分泌期腺体和间质细胞表达丰富 ,与早分泌期比较TGFβ1均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1 ) ,TβRⅠ、TβRⅡ仅在腺上皮细胞有统计学意义。晚分泌期三者表达强度较中分泌期相比下降 ,无统计学意义。三者在早孕蜕蟆腺体及蜕膜细胞均有强染色。结论　TGFβ1调节子宫内膜生长、分化 ,可能参与胚胎的着床过程 ,同时调节胚胎生长、发育。     

人子宫内膜LewisY寡糖抗原的表达和调控

目的 :探讨雌、孕激素对月经周期中 Ley寡糖抗原表达的影响。方法 :取 32例子宫肌瘤术后患者的内膜 ,经病理检测 ,分为四组 :增生期、分泌期、分泌期服用米非司酮 ( Mifepristone)及增生期服用妇康片 (炔诺酮 ) ,每组 8例 ,每例均重复实验。应用免疫组化及 Westhern免疫印迹法 ,观察了Ley寡糖抗原的表达。结果 :( 1 )各组样品的 Ley寡糖抗原均分布于宫腔上皮细胞和腺腔上皮细胞表面 ;( 2 )每组样品中 Ley糖蛋白均有四种分子量 :68k D、60 k D、5 2 k D、2 7k D表达 ;( 3)两种分析方法结果均显示 :Ley糖蛋白在分泌期高表达 ,增生期低表达 ,两组间差异显著 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;分泌期服用孕激素拮抗剂米非司酮则表达明显减少 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;增生期服用妇康片 (主要含孕激素 )的表达较增生期明显增多 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,其中以 68k D组分的变化最为显著。结论 :人子宫内膜 Ley寡糖抗原的表达受孕激素上调 ,其中以 68k D组分对孕激素最敏感     

Foxp3在子宫内膜、正常早孕和原因不明复发性流产患者蜕膜上的表达

目的:探讨Foxp3在增生期、分泌期内膜和正常早孕、原因不明复发性流产(URSA)患者蜕膜的表达。方法:用免疫组化法观察15例增生期子宫内膜, 12例分泌期子宫内膜, 32例正常早孕和25例URSA患者蜕膜组织Foxp3的表达与分布。结果:增生期子宫内膜无Foxp3表达,分泌期内膜和蜕膜组织均有表达;分泌期内膜Foxp3的表达显著低于正常早孕组(P<0 .01)和URSA组(P<0. 05);URSA患者蜕膜Foxp3的表达显著低于正常早孕组(P<0 .01);Foxp3表达于胞浆,正常早孕组和分泌期内膜主要表达在腺上皮细胞,URSA患者主要表达在间质细胞。结论:Foxp3在分泌期子宫内膜和蜕膜组织的表达可能在胚泡植入和早期妊娠的维持中起重要作用,其表达水平降低可能与URSA的发生有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9在子宫内膜异位症中的表达

目的 :探讨子宫内膜异位症患者在位及异位子宫内膜中基质金属蛋白酶 2、 9(MMP 2 ,MMP 9)的表达特点及在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的作用。方法 :采用免疫组化SP法分别测定子宫内膜异位症 30例 (研究组 )、子宫肌瘤 2 1例 (对照组 )增生期和分泌期子宫内膜MMP 2、MMP 9的表达强度。结果 :对照组增生期和分泌期腺上皮细胞及基质细胞内MMP 2、MMP 9的表达呈阶段依赖性 ,分泌期高于增生期。在整个月经周期中 ,研究组在位及异位内膜中MMP 2、MMP 9的表达均持续高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :MMP 2、MMP 9在子宫内膜的表达呈周期性变化 ,在位及异位内膜上MMP 2、MMP 9的持续过度表达可能与内异症的发生、发展有关     

葡萄糖转运体1在人子宫内膜及蜕膜组织中的表达

葡萄糖转运调节在子宫内膜蜕膜化过程中起着重要作用。采用免疫组化方法检测9例增生期子宫内膜、11例分泌期子宫内膜、16例早期妊娠流产的蜕膜组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白异构体1(GLUT1)表达,用RNA酶保护测定法检测增生期(14例)、分泌早期(15～18 d,7例)、中期(20～24 d,8例)、晚期(25～28 d,6例)的子宫内膜及妊娠7～8周、9～10周蜕膜组织(各5例)中GLUT1 mRNA表达水平。结果:免疫组化提示,增生期及分泌早期子宫内膜无GLUT1阳性着色,蜕膜组织中度阳性着色,胎盘组织呈强阳性着色;GLUT1 mRNA在增生晚期及分泌早期子宫内膜呈低水平表达,分泌晚期表达量增加近2倍,在妊娠早期,尤其是9～10周蜕膜组织中表达量     

不明原因不孕症子宫内膜上皮钙黏素的表达

目的:探讨上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)在人子宫内膜组织中的表达与不明原因不孕症的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法,检测35例正常及41例不明原因不孕症子宫内膜E-钙黏素的表达水平。结果:正常组各期子宫内膜腺上皮均见E-钙黏素的表达,且在分泌中期达到高峰;增生期未见间质细胞的表达,但在分泌中期表达最强。不孕组增生期腺上皮E-钙黏素仅有弱表达,分泌期表达显著增加(P <0.05)。分泌中期与早、晚期比较,差异无显著性(P >0.05);分泌期部分间质细胞少量表达,无统计学意义。结论:E-钙黏素在人子宫内膜腺上皮和间质细胞规律性表达,其表达异常,可能是导致不孕的重要原因。     

表皮生长因子受体在子宫内膜、早孕蜕膜及滋养细胞中的表达

目的了解表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在子宫内膜细胞分化及发育中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学及逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）技术测定５８例正常子宫内膜（３２例增生期,２６例分泌期）与２６例早孕蜕膜。结果ＥＧＦＲ存在于正常子宫内膜、早孕蜕膜腺体及间质细胞的细胞膜、核膜及胞浆内,分布均匀。ＥＧＦＲ还位于早孕蜕膜腺体及间质细胞核内。正常子宫内膜ＥＧＦＲ的表达,腺体部分高于间质部分（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＥＧＦＲ在增生期及分泌期子宫内膜腺体的表达差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但ＥＧＦＲ在早孕蜕膜组织中的表达明显高于增生期及分泌期（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲ在间质细胞的表达,早孕蜕膜高于分泌期内膜,而增生期内膜则表达最低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＥＧＦＲｍＲＮＡ的表达从弱到强依次为增生期、分泌期、蜕膜、滋养细胞,增生期与分泌期比较,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,早孕蜕膜较分泌期及增生期明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,滋养细胞ＥＧＦＲｍＲＮＡ的表达明显高于增生期、分泌期及早孕蜕膜（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＥＧＦＲ存在于各期子宫内膜中,其表达在正常月经周期中无明显变化,但在早孕蜕膜、滋养细胞中的表达明显高于增生期及分泌期内膜     

Abnormal expression of estrogen receptor is associated with thin endometrium

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the association of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions with thin endometrium. Patients with endometrial thickness of less than 7?mm were classified as the study group, while the control group was comprised of patients with endometrial thickness of 7 to 14?mm. The expressions of ER and PR were detected with semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis, and the differences were compared between the two groups. The expression of ER was significantly decreased (p?<?.05) in the stromal cells of thin endometrium during both proliferative and secretory phases as compared to those of normal endometrium. Likewise, ER expression was found to be lower in the glandular cells of thin endometrium than those of normal endometrium during proliferative phase. However, no significant differences were observed for the expression of PR in both glandular and stromal cells between the two groups. Thin endometrium was associated with reduced expression of ER in stromal cells both during proliferative and secretory phase, but in glandular epithelial cells only during proliferative phase.     

Androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the human uterus during the menstrual cycle

Cyclic changes in steroid receptor expression in endometrial cells are considered a reflection of its differential functions. Besides estrogen and progestogens, androgens have also been suggested to affect the biological function of the female reproductive tract. We investigated the distribution and intensity of immuno-cytochemical estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) staining in the various cell types of human endometrium and myometrium during the different menstrual cycle phases in 30 paraffin-embedded sections.AR expression in endometrial stromal cells decreased gradually from early proliferative till mid secretory phase. In the late secretory phase, AR expression in all cell types distinguished. Staining of epithelial cells was moderate. The disappearance of AR expression before cyclic separation of endometrial tissue may be causally related or just an epiphenomenon. Due to local competition for 5alpha-reduction of testosterone and the excess of progesterone in the secretory phase, the level of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) will be diminished. Hypothetically, if AR synthesis in endometrium would be DHT-dependent, it would explain the lack of AR expression in the late secretory phase.     

Activation antigens during the proliferative and secretory phases of endometrium and early-pregnancy decidua

BACKGROUND: Clarifying the normal distribution of activation antigens will contribute to database construction studies of monoclonal-antibody-based therapies in endometrial disorders. METHODS: In this study, endometrial tissue samples obtained during proliferative and secretory phases and decidual samples of early pregnancies were immunostained by the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD26, anti-CD30, anti-CD70, anti-CD71, and anti-CD98 using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. RESULTS: CD26 is expressed on the glandular epithelium in the endometrium and decidua. Endothelial CD26 is expressed less in the decidua when compared to the endometrium. CD30 is strongly expressed by decidual cells. It is only weakly expressed on endometrial and decidual vessels. Glandular and endothelial CD70 expression is mainly seen in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Glandular CD71 expression is less in the decidua when compared to the endometrium. Its expression on stromal cells is more in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy deciduae. It is expressed on endometrial vessels but not on decidual vessels. Glandular CD98 is expressed more in the decidua when compared to the endometrium. This antigen exists on endometrial lymphocytes. It is strongly expressed on the endothelium in the endometrium and decidua. CONCLUSION: It seems that CD26 and CD70 are not involved in the functions of endometrial and decidual stromal cells. CD30 and CD71 are thought to be involved in decidualization. Absence of activation antigens other than CD98 on lymphocytes indicated an antigenic profile for large granular lymphocytes that is different from regular lymphocytes.     

Apoptosis and Ki-67 expression in adenomyotic lesions and in the corresponding eutopic endometrium.

OBJECTIVE: To examine biologic and proliferative properties of adenomyotic lesions and to determine whether adenomyotic lesions originate in the basal layer of the eutopic endometrium. METHODS: We examined eutopic and ectopic endometria from 23 patients with adenomyosis. To obtain evidence for the induction of programmed cell death, apoptotic cells were identified using a modified terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-biotin nick end-labeling method. To evaluate cell death repressor activity, bcl-2 gene expression was examined using immunohistochemical staining. As a proliferative marker, Ki-67 expression was also examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: In the eutopic endometrium, apoptosis was most frequently observed in epithelial cells during mid- to late secretory phases, although it was rarely found during early proliferative through early secretory phases (P<.01). In contrast, bcl-2 gene expression inversely correlated with the appearance of apoptosis. A similar tendency was observed in stromal cells. In the ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis, endometrial dating revealed that secretory change was rare, even in the secretory phase, and that induction of apoptotic cells as well as bcl-2 gene expression showed no cyclic change. In stromal cells of the ectopic endometrium, apoptosis was more frequent than was seen in the eutopic endometrium, in all menstrual phases (P<.05). Ki-67 was constantly expressed in the glandular epithelium of the ectopic endometrium, irrespective of the menstrual phases, whereas in the secretory phase it was less expressed in the eutopic endometrium of functional and basal layers (P<.01). CONCLUSION: The induction of apoptosis seems to be regulated by hormonal changes in the eutopic endometrium and has an inverse correlation with bcl-2 gene expression. The ectopic endometrium in adenomyosis is rarely influenced by hormonal change and has different biologic and proliferative properties than events observed in the eutopic endometrium findings, which strongly suggest that the adenomyotic lesion does not originate in the basal endometrium.     

Endometrial expression and secretion of interleukin-6 throughout the menstrual cycle.

Previous findings revealing reduced endometrial interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in patients with recurrent early abortions gave rise to the analysis of IL-6 synthesis in the human endometrium, and how it relates to concentrations in uterine secretions. Endometrial tissues and uterine secretions were collected from patients undergoing hysterectomy. Expression of IL-6 receptor and gp130 mRNA (n = 28) in total endometrium, of IL-6 mRNA in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and CD45-positive leukocytes were investigated by RNAase protection assay throughout the cycle. IL-6 protein was assessed in endometrial tissue by immunohistochemistry (n = 32) and in uterine secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 33). IL-6 mRNA was expressed at low levels in the proliferative phase, and expression increased progressively in the secretory phase. The increase was attributed to epithelial and stromal cells and leukocytes. Concentrations of IL-6 protein in endometrial glands and in uterine secretions were low in the proliferative phase, and increased 5-10-fold in the mid- to late secretory phase. mRNA expression of IL-6 receptor and gp130 remained constant in total endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. High concentrations of IL-6 in the mid-secretory phase, the putative implantation window, and a further increase in the late secretory phase, the premenstrual period, support a role of IL-6 in the regulation of endometrial functions.