Al对Fe—25Cr合金抗高温硫化腐蚀的作用

研究了5 wt.-%Al、10 wt.-%Al 对 Fe-25Cr 合金在 H_2S-H_2平衡混合气氛中700～900℃下高温硫化腐蚀行为的作用,发现加 Al 能显著降低 Fe-25Cr 合金的硫化速度并改变其硫化层的形貌、成分及结构,加 Al 合金的硫化动力学基本遵守孕育期加抛物线规律;综合反应动力学、硫化层结构和成分分析,提出了 Fe-Cr-Al 合金的硫化机理。     

Fe-Mo合金高温硫化产物中的固态反应及传质

以XRD、SEM/WDS和TEM分析结果为依据,对Fe-Mo(Mo=20%～57%)二元合金在硫蒸气中(PS2=1～50kPa)高温硫化产物层的相组成及膜层中的有关固态反应进行了探讨,绘出了可能的稳定相图,分析了主要硫化产物的缺陷结构特点及其对硫化传质的影响.认为Fe、Mo混合硫化物中的缺陷密度较高,对传质的阻力较小;而MoS2层缺陷密度小,对阻止硫化反应物传质起主要作用.     

Fe-15Ce合金的氧化-硫化腐蚀

研究了Fe-15Ce合金及纯Fe、纯Ce在600和700℃下H 2-H2S-CO2中的腐蚀行为.Fe-15Ce合金的腐蚀速度比纯Fe慢但比纯Ce快得多.腐蚀后合 金表面形成多层的腐蚀产物膜,最外层是基体金属的硫化物（FeS）,中间层为两种金属化 合物组成的混合区,最内层为Ce在O和S作用下的内腐蚀区.合金中15 mass%的Ce不足以阻止 基体金属的硫化,这主要与Ce在Fe中有限的溶解度及合金中存在富Ce相有关.     

Fe-Y合金在600～800℃H_2-CO_2-H_2S中的腐蚀

研究了纯Fe、纯Y、Fe-15Y和Fe-30Y合金在600～800℃高硫压(10-3Pa)-低氧压(10-19Pa于600℃或10-15Pa于700℃和800℃)混合气中的腐蚀行为.Y在600℃和700℃发生加速腐蚀,但在800℃形成的腐蚀膜有保护性.加入Y能够降低合金的腐蚀速率,但在所有条件下,合金都形成FeS最外层膜、由两金属的化合物组成的中间层和由α-Fe和Y的硫氧化物的细微混合物所组成内硫化-氧化区.Fe似以相当高的速率穿过中间层形成FeS外层.在合金/氧化膜界面内侧不产生Y的贫化现象.从Y在Fe     

双相电触点材料Cu-50Cr合金的高温氧化行为

研究了双相电触点材料Cu-50Cr合金在700～900℃空气中的高温氧化行为.随着温度的升高合金的氧化速度加快,在700和800℃时近似遵循抛物线规律,而在900℃时则明显偏离抛物线.合金未形成保护性的Cr2O3氧化膜,而形成了氧化物与金属相共存的特殊氧化膜结构.这解释了这种特殊氧化膜结构的形成原因.     

Fe-15Ce合金的高温硫化腐蚀

研究了含15wt%Ce的Fe-Ce合金在600～800℃、H2-H2S气氛中的硫化行为,其硫的分压为10-3Pa.结果表明,Fe-15Ce合金的腐蚀速度比纯Fe慢,但比纯Ce快得多,随温度升高其腐蚀速度加快.该合金硫化后形成复杂的腐蚀产物膜,最外层为纯Fe的硫化物层,其下为Ce的硫化物与Fe的硫化物的混合物层;内层为Ce的内硫化区,与之相邻的基体金属层中没有贫Ce现象发生.Ce不能从合金的腐蚀区中向外扩散,而是在腐蚀区内原位地形成Ce的硫化物与Fe的硫化物的混合物.与纯Fe相比,尽管Fe-Ce合金的腐蚀速     

一种含铝奥氏体不锈钢的高温氧化行为

采用称量法研究了新型Cr21Ni35NbAl合金分别在700 ℃、800 ℃和900 ℃空气中的静态氧化行为,并绘制其高温氧化动力学质量增加曲线。结合X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析（EDS）对高温氧化膜层的形貌及结构进行表征。结果表明：新合金的高温氧化动力学质量增加曲线遵循抛物线规律,700 ℃氧化膜主要为(Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3和少量Al2O3;800 ℃氧化膜较为复杂,主要为Al2O3、(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3和少量Fe(Cr, Al)2O4;900 ℃时氧化膜主要为Al2O3和少量(Al0.9Cr0.1)2O3。     

Fe-25Cr-9Mn三元合金高温硫化特性

研究了Fe-25Cr-9Mn合金在800℃、10-3─1Pa硫分压的H2-H2S混合气体中的硫化行为,并与Fe-25Cr合金进行了对比。结果表明:Mn的加入提高了Fe-25Cr合金的抗硫化性能,但作用并不显著。在Fe-25Cr-9Mn合金的多层结构硫化层中形成了较厚且独立的α-(Mn.Fe)S层,但它并没有效地阻挡Fe2+和Cr3+向外的扩散。文中讨论了这种现象的原因以及硫化层分层对铁铬合金硫化行为的影响。     

退火处理对AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金组织结构及性能的影响

运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和室温压缩实验等测试手段,研究了退火处理对Al Co Cr Fe Ni高熵合金组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Al Co Cr Fe Ni合金在700℃和800℃退火时,合金晶体结构为BCC相和少量金属间化合物,900℃时合金析出一种棒状的FCC相和枝晶内调幅分解相,在晶界上生成长链状的FCC相。退火处理后其室温压缩强度较铸态时有所提高;塑性700℃和800℃有所下降,而900℃则有所提高,最高达11.4%。     

热处理对Fe13Cr5Al1.5Nb合金晶粒尺寸及第二相析出行为的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及电子背散射衍射研究了Fe13Cr5Al1.5Nb合金的高温下微观组织演化特征。选择模拟事故工况温度区间(800～1000℃)对合金进行热处理实验,研究热处理温度和时间对晶粒尺寸及第二相析出行为的影响规律。采用EBSD分析统计了晶粒尺寸的变化。研究了800℃×20 h热处理后材料在室温至800℃的拉伸性能并观察分析了拉伸断口特征。结果表明,冷轧/热轧合金中弥散分布着高温稳定性良好的细小析出相(Fe2Nb相),且其周围分布着高密度位错。在800℃热处理5～25 h过程中,FeCrAl基合金的晶粒尺寸保持了良好的热稳定性,合金的晶粒尺寸都比较细小,平均晶粒尺寸约2μm。高于900℃时,合金中大量第二相固溶于基体,部分第二相显著粗化。低于260℃时,断口形貌表现为微孔型塑性断裂,呈现典型的细小蜂窝状等轴韧窝;提高到600～800℃时,合金出现超塑性特点。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.