根癌农杆菌转化栝楼及植株再生

用根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）菌株C58感染栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.）无菌苗诱导冠瘿瘤,获得其冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的MS培养基上良好生长,纸电泳检测结果表明其合成了冠瘿碱,表明Ti质粒转化成功。栝楼冠瘿组织在MS培养基上形成完整植株,移栽后良好生长。     

根癌农杆菌对栝楼的遗传转化

用根癌农杆菌侵染栝楼（Ｔichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)无菌苗后,获得冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的ＭＳ培养基上良好生长,并合成冠瘿碱、表明Ｔi质粒转化成功,栝楼冠瘿组织中最高蛋白含量为１３０．６mg/g（鲜重）。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测其含有的蛋白种类与栝楼根含有的基本一样,研究表明,利用栝楼冠瘿组织作为培养系统生产天花粉粉蛋白有很好的开发前景。     

丹参的冠瘿组织培养和丹参酮的产生

用根癌农杆菌感染丹参无菌苗获得冠瘿组织,除菌后的冠瘿组织在无激素的Ms培养基上生长良好。经高压纸电泳检查,冠瘿组织中含有冠痿碱,证实根癌农杆菌的Ti质粒转化成功。冠瘿组织的生长和丹参酮的积累与基本培养基有关,B5和Ms培养基有利于生长．月增殖倍数分别达到102倍和90倍,而67-V和WP培养基则有利于丹参酮的合成,在培养过程中丹参酮能分泌到培养液中。研究表明用冠瘿组织作为培养系统,生产药用植物有效成分具有良好的开发前景。     

商陆毛状根的诱导、培养及其扼甙的产生

发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）R1601感染商陆叶片外植体1周后,在其切口处产生毛状根,20d后产生毛状根的外植体比例达70%,毛状根可直接从叶片外植体叶脉处或从叶脉处产生的愈伤组织上产生,毛状根能在无激素的MS培养基上自主生长,其呼吸速率比对照根提高85.6%,冠瘿碱检测和PCR扩增结果表明,发根农杆菌RiT-DNA的冠瘿碱合成酶基因及其Ri质粒的rol基因均已在商陆毛状根基因组中得到表达。毛状根中总皂甙含量约为自然根的1.54倍,但其多糖含量则仅为非转化根的70%。     

雌雄栝楼的组织培养研究

对雌雄栝楼（Trlctmsanthes kirilowii Maxim）分别进行组织培养的研究结果表明：在雌雄栝楼组织培养过程中,愈伤组织的诱导和分化适宜的培养基均存在性别差异。愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基分别是,雌性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋IBA0．5mg／L＋6-BA1．5mg／L;雄性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg/L＋IBA0．5mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L和MS＋NAA0．1mg／L＋IBA1．0mg／L＋6-BA1．0mg/L。愈伤组织分化的适宜培养基分别是,雌性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg／L＋IBA0．4mg／L＋6-BA1．2mg／L;雄性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．3ms／L＋IBA0．2mg／L＋6-BA0．8mg／L;雌雄栝楼无根苗生根的适宜培养基均为MS＋NAA0．1mg／L。     

商陆毛状根的诱导、培养及其皂甙的产生

发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）R1601 感染商陆叶片外植体1周后,在其切口处产生毛状根,20d后产生毛状根的外植体比例达70%;毛状根可直接从叶片外植体叶脉处或从叶脉处产生的愈伤组织上产生。毛状根能在无激素的 MS培养基上自主生长,其呼吸速率比对照根提高85.6%。冠瘿碱检测和PCR扩增结果表明,发根农杆菌RiTDNA的冠瘿碱合成酶基因及其Ri质粒的rol 基因均已在商陆毛状根基因组中得到表达。毛状根中总皂甙含量约为自然根的154倍,但其多糖含量则仅为非转化根的70%。     

葡萄根癌土壤杆菌诱导的葡萄、毛叶曼陀罗冠瘿瘤的离体培养和植株再生

生化Ⅲ型葡萄根癌土壤杆菌MI3-2、BS33-6等菌株含有致瘤的Ti质粒。用章鱼碱菌株MI3-2、MI14-1、MS32-1、MI22-1及胭脂碱菌株BS33-6、BS33-7、从葡萄试管苗的茎诱导出冠瘿瘤。脱菌的葡萄冠瘿组织能在无外源植物激素供给的MS培养基继代生长,并合成章鱼碱或胭脂碱。章鱼碱冠瘿组织疏松、白色或淡黄色;胭脂碱冠瘿组织硬脆,深绿色,表面有许多小突起。两种冠瘿组织都未能诱导再生植株。 胭脂碱菌株BS33-6能诱导毛叶曼陀罗产生畸胎瘤,这种无菌畸胎瘤组织在无植物激素的培养基内,培养1个月能分化出植株。     

药用植物栝楼的组织培养及其表达蛋白的分析

对栝楼的快速繁殖、愈伤组织的诱导与再分化,以及不同培养体系中天花粉蛋白的表达进行了初步研究。结果表明：栝楼茎切段的腋芽和顶芽在MS+0.5、1.0mg/L 6-BA培养基上可以快速繁殖;组织培养苗的叶片切块在MS+4.0mg/L 6-BA +0.2mg/L IAA的培养基上可形成愈伤组织,该愈伤组织在30d后再分化为绿苗,绿苗分化率为0.25苗/外植体;绿苗转移至MS+0.1mg/L NAA的培养基可100%生根;生根苗移栽至土壤中100%成活;移栽成活的栝楼在30d后长出小块根,并检测到天花粉蛋白的表达。     

液体悬浮培养促进蔓茎堇菜高效再生的研究

液体悬浮培养具有促进蔓茎堇菜芽分化的作用。以叶片为外植体在培养基MS 2,4-D1.5 ZT1.0中诱导出生长良好的愈伤组织。愈伤组织在液体培养基MS 6-BA1.0 NAA0.25中振荡培养12d后（转速为90r/min）,转入固体培养基MS 6-BA2.0 NAA0.5中继续培养14d,芽分化率可达97.5%,转接至生根培养基MS NAA2.0 6-BA0.25中培养1个月后可移栽,成活率在90%以上。     

新红宝西瓜组织培养

无菌苗培养基：（）改良的MS（含GlyNO＋VBIO．4十烟酸50，其它同MS）茎段、茎尖培养基：（2）改良MS＋BA2．5＋IAAl（3）改良MS＋BA3＋IAAI（）改良MS＋BA4＋IAAI生根培养基：（5）改良MS＋NAA0．5经常现消毒灭菌后，把种子的胚培养于培养基（）上进行无菌苗生产，2～4周可获得充分的无菌苗。取无菌苗的茎段、茎尖（0．5cm）作外植体并接种于培养基（2）、（）、（4）上，6d后，茎段两端切口处膨大，28～35d后出现愈伤组织，出愈率达到68％以上。接种5d后，茎尖明显长大。在供试的生长调节剂组合中，35d后茎尖周围均出现了…     

Characterization and host range determination of soybean super virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens KAT23

Agrobacterium tumefaciens KAT23 isolated from peach root causes crown gall disease in a number of grain legume plants, including the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max). KAT23 caused tumor formation in each of these plants more effectively than strain C58. Biotype determination suggested that this strain is biotype II. KAT23 was able to utilize nopaline as a carbon source. Partial sequence analysis indicated that KAT23 harbors a nopaline-type Ti plasmid, designated pTiKAT23, which was highly homologous with other nopaline-type Ti plasmids (pTiC58 and pTiSAKURA). KAT23 transferred not only the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid but also introduced T-DNA of the binary vector efficiently. The common bean inoculated with KAT23 (pIGFP121-Hm) showed crown galls, and some plants showed beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and sGFP (S65T) gene expression. This virulent ability of KAT23 indicates its potential application to legumes, especially to soybean transformation.     

Broad-Host-Range Agrocin of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Eighteen strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolated from crown galls were tested for agrocin production. Of six agrocin-producing strains, one (D286) produced a broad-host-range agrocin active against strains carrying nopaline, octopine, and agropine type Ti plasmids. Sensitivity to agrocin D286 was found to map in the 11- to 18-megadalton region of the nopaline Ti plasmid pTiC58. The agrocin was partially purified, and its physical characteristics were consistent with its being a nucleotide, as is agrocin 84. Agrocin D286 was shown to inhibit DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses. Strain D286 spontaneously lost its pathogenicity, and its potential for use in the biological control of crown gall is discussed.     

由根癌农杆菌介导向毛白杨导入激素合成基因建立遗传转化系统

用携带基因1,2的根癌农杆菌AG(84)转化毛白杨外植体,在无激素的MS0培养基上获得转化根。分离单根或切成根段在分化培养基上能分化芽而再生完整植株。由T－DNA上带有基因4的根癌农杆菌C58C1（PBZ6111）转化毛白杨外植体,在MS0培养基上能直接分化不定芽而再生植株．在转化中使用叶柄作外植体比使用叶片的转化率提高一倍以上。基因1,2引入毛白杨后,植株根系发达,生根率达100％。基因4引入毛白杨则使植株节间变短,植株矮化．纸电泳分析表明,带有基因1,2的转化植株能表达特异的农杆碱,带有基因4的转化植株能表达特异的胭脂碱。     

Induction and in vitro culture of soybean crown gall tumors

Induction of crown galls on 4–6 week old soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants cultured in growth chambers was obtained with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains C58, T37 and ACH5. The crown galls were isolated and cultured in vitro as sterile callus and liquid suspension cultures. Transformation was tested by opine tests and by molecular hybridization of restricted cell DNA with T-DNA fragments. Protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures. Transformed protoplasts regenerate cell walls, divide and form calli without an exogenous supply of hormones.     

Detection of nopaline dehydrogenase and lysopine dehydrogenase activities in crown gall tumors of different plant species

The LpDH and NpDH activities in crown gall tumors incited byAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 were followed in 7 plant species and 100 tumors were assayed in each experimental variant. The NpDH activity was found in 790 out of 800 crown galls observed. The LpDH activity was tested, after induction of tumors withA. tumefaciens strain B6-806 and 37400, in three experimental variants. The LpDH activity was found in 290 out of 300 crown galls. In the small fraction of the LpDH and NpDH negative tumors, the activity was possibly actually present, but it was below the limits of the sensitivity of the detection technique used.     

花生畸胎瘤冠瘿瘤的诱导及胭脂碱合成酶基因的转移

本文报道了致瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium lume/aciens)的T(?)菌株对分属于五大类型的41个品种的栽培种花生致瘤实验结果。在41个品种中的6个品种上诱发了畸胎瘤。在无激素的MS培养基上诱发冠瘿瘤产生了愈伤组织。瘤组织、愈伤组织,畸胎瘤上幼苗的茎和叶均含有胭脂碱。     

丹参冠瘿组织高产株系选择和丹参酮的产生

丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)是治疗心血管系统疾病的重要中草药。前文我们已报道了丹参冠瘿组织培养的部分研究结果^[1].利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)Ti 质粒转化产生的冠瘿组织进行高产株系选择的研究还很少,本文报道丹参冠瘿组织高产株系选择和丹参酮产生的研究结果。