表面活性剂CTAB辅助溶胶–凝胶法制备硼酸铝纳米棒

以仲丁醇铝(aluminum tri-sec-butoxide,ATSB)和硼酸为原料,采用阳离子表面活性剂(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB)辅助溶胶–凝胶法于120℃形成白色干凝胶,再进行焙烧得到硼酸铝纳米棒。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散谱仪和Fourier变换红外光谱仪对产物结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明:750℃焙烧产物为具有单晶结构的Al4B2O9纳米棒,,其形貌及直径、长度受ATSB和硼酸摩尔比影响;当ATSB与H3BO3摩尔比为1:2时,Al4B2O9纳米棒直径约为15nm,长度为200～300nm。1200℃焙烧的产物为Al18B4O33纳米棒,其直径为200～500nm,长度约为3μm。对硼酸铝纳米棒的形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

ZnO纳米棒的制备和气敏性质

以二水合醋酸锌为原料,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面修饰剂,利用微乳液法合成了结晶良好的ZnO纳米棒.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜对所得产物的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:所得的ZnO纳米棒具有六方纤锌矿结构,且尺寸分布均匀,直径为20～30 nm,长度为1.0 μm.利用所得ZnO纳米棒制备...     

低温溶剂热法合成单分散氧化钛纳米棒

以Ti（OC4H8）4为无机前驱体、正辛酸为溶剂,在80-100℃一步合成了单分散的锐钛矿TiO2纳米棒状粉末。用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜观察对样品进行了表征。结果表明：纳米棒状粉末具有窄的尺寸分布,直径为3～4nm,长度为10～20nm,长度方向为锐钛矿相C轴。此外,初步探讨了纳米棒的形成机理。     

水浴加热水解和微波加热水解法合成不同形貌的ZnO亚纳米粒子

以pH值为11.17的0.005 mol/L的ZnAc2和氨水的混合溶液为前驱体溶液,分别在80℃水浴中加热1 h合成了棒状ZnO亚纳米粒子,和在微波场（频率为2.45 GHz,功率为500 W）中加热2 min合成了花状ZnO亚纳米粒子.用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了产物的结构和形貌.结果表明：产物均为六方晶系ZnO,形貌分别为直径约100～300nm,长度约450～900 nm的棒状,和花瓣直径约为200 nm的花状结构.比较了采用这2种方法所得产物的形貌,并讨论了其形成机理.     

硼酸镁晶须的可控合成及表征

以六水合氯化镁和硼酸为原料,在水热条件下合成了碱式硼酸镁［MgBO2（OH）］晶须,将其焙烧得到硼酸镁（Mg2B2O5）晶须。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和热重-差热分析（TG-DTA）手段,对前驱体和焙烧产物的物相和形貌进行表征。主要考察了反应物浓度对前驱体物相和形貌的影响,并分析前驱体的形成过程。结果表明,前驱体的制备过程与反应物浓度直接相关,在Mg2+浓度为2.0 mol/L,硼酸浓度为0.75 mol/L的条件下,可合成形貌良好的碱式硼酸镁晶须,将其在较低焙烧温度650 ℃下焙烧3 h,可得到组分单一、直径为40~70 nm、长度为500~1 500 nm、长径比为10~20的硼酸镁晶须。     

采用聚乙二醇200作溶剂合成花状Ni和NiS纳米结构

以聚乙二醇（PEG）200作溶剂，合成了花状Ni和NiS纳米结构。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对产物进行了表征。实验结果表明：产物形貌均为由交织的纳米片组成的花状Ni和NiS结构，其中纳米片的厚度分别为约10nm和20nm。对溶剂和有机表面活性剂对NiS纳米结构形貌的影响也进行了研究。实验结果表明PEG200在合成花状Ni和NiS纳米结构起着关键性作用。     

氧化镁纳米棒的制备与表征

以六水氯化镁和轻质氧化镁为原料,制备出碱式氯化镁纳米棒;再以碱式氯化镁纳米棒为前驱物,采用沉淀转化法制备出前驱物氢氧化镁纳米棒;再通过前驱物热分解法得到直径150～250 nm,长6～10μm的氧化镁单晶纳米棒。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对产物进行表征与分析,研究了煅烧条件对氧化镁纳米棒形貌的影响,得到了氧化镁纳米棒的最佳制备工艺条件为:煅烧温度400℃,煅烧时间1 h,升温速率3℃/min。     

钨酸锌纳米棒的水热合成条件对其荧光及光催化性能的影响

以硝酸锌和钨酸钠为原料,采用前驱体一水热法制得了钨酸锌纳米棒.X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等分析结果表明:所得产物为直径约20nm,长度约200nm的ZnWO4纳米棒.详细研究了水热温度和水热时间对纳米棒的形成、荧光发射强度以及对有机染料罗丹明B(maodamine B,RhB)光催化降解的影响.结果表明:水热温度为200℃,反应时间为16h得到的产品直径小,形貌均一,结晶度高且对RhB的光催化降解效率与商用光催化剂二氧化钛(P-25)接近.     

纳米氧化铜球的水热法合成与表征

以CuSO4.5H2O和NH3.H2O为反应物,在高压反应釜内130℃下反应24 h,产物在400℃的马弗炉中焙烧1 h,制备CuO纳米球。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线能量色散谱仪、差热-热重分析和红外光谱仪进行表征。结果表明,所得CuO纳米球的直径为70～100 nm,Cu2+与NH3.H2O分子成核是形成纳米球的主要原因。     

Cu_2S纳米棒阵列的可控合成及其表征

以氯化铜和硫脲为原料,表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠为形貌控制剂,通过水热法成功在铜丝网上制备出Cu_2S纳米棒阵列。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的薄膜产品进行了表征分析。研究结果表明,纳米棒的长度为300～500nm、直径为1. 5～2. 5μm。同时,对表面活性剂诱导的Cu_2S纳米棒的形成机理作了深入的讨论。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.