糖蜜的应用研究进展

阐述了制糖下脚料糖蜜的应用研究进展,主要介绍了糖蜜的直接应用、发酵应用及改性应用研究。展望了改性糖蜜的应用研究前景。     

填料在建筑涂料中的应用及其发展

介绍了我国建筑涂料用填料的开发应用情况。填料在建筑涂料中的应用近年来获得了很大的技术进步,例如开发应用了新型填料、增加了填料品种、扩展了一些填料的应用范围、提高了涂料的应用性能。     

人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用

介绍了人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用，讨论了应用中的优点和局限性，预示了其应用的发展前景。     

计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用分析

本文对计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用进行了探讨,文章从阐述计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的意义入手,进一步分析了工程项目管理中存在的问题,最后研究了计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用策略。     

空心玻璃微珠的应用研究现状

文章综述了近年来空心玻璃微珠的应用研究进展,包括在复合材料、石油化工、航天航空、涂料、医药等领域的应用情况。改性后的空心玻璃微珠可应用电磁屏蔽和吸波材料的制备,拓宽了其应用范围,并分析了其应用前景。     

木质素提取及工业应用研究进展

对近年来木质素分离提取的方法和在工业上的应用进行了分析,旨在为木质素的应用研究提供参考。论文介绍了木质素的酸法提取、碱法提取、有机溶剂提取及高沸醇溶剂提取方法同时讨论了不同提取方法的优点与不足,此外还介绍了木质素在工业生产尤其在沥青应用、胶黏剂应用和工业吸附中的应用,并探讨了木质素未来在工业生产其他领域应用方向。     

进一步提高国产可控硅整流器的应用水平

分析了国产可控硅整流器的应用现状,指出了其应用中的不足,提出了进一步提高应用水平的见解。     

某特种功能涂料的工程化应用研究

针对某特种功能涂料工程化应用需要,从工程化施工工艺参数、工程环境下涂层固化条件、配套底漆的适用性以及综合环境可靠性试验等方面进行了研究;通过工程化应用研究,确定了在实际工程应用过程中的喷涂工艺参数以及实际工程使用环境中的涂层固化干燥方式,检验了工程底漆配套性,最后通过一系列工程应用可靠性考核,保证了该特种功能涂料在工程批量应用上的可靠性,为大批量的工程化应用奠定了良好的基础.     

碳纤维电加热元件最新研究进展

电热是目前应用最为广泛的加热形式之一,电热元件是加热设备的供热部件。碳纤维作为一种高性能纤维,其电热性能非常优异。本文综述了碳纤维作为加热元件的最新应用与进展,重点论述了碳纤维在电热性能方面的应用：碳纤维的导电加热原理、道路除冰中的应用、地板辐射采暖(地暖)中的应用、电加热管中的应用和电加热服中的应用,最后对碳纤维电热性能的应用进行了展望。     

试论变压器的发展和玻璃纤维制品在干式变压器中的应用

介绍了变压器的发展概况及干式变压器的特点、应用及存在的问题以及玻璃纤维及其制品在干式变压器中的应用概况及应用要求,尤其是应用玻璃纤维毡解决了干式变压器开裂问题,缩小了干式变压器的体积,节省了原料,也降低了成本,推动了干式变压器技术的发展和应用范围的扩大。     

Evaluation of surfactant-aided degumming of vegetable oils by membrane technology

The first step in the process of vegetable oil refining is degumming, in which phospholipids and mucilaginous gums are removed that otherwise result in a low-grade oil. A membrane process is remarkably simple yet potentially offers many advantages in degumming. Studies were conducted on surfactant-aided membrane degumming with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically stirred flat membrane batch cell with different types of microfiltration membranes. The reduction of phospholipids in soybean oil was in the range of 85.8–92.8% during the membrane process. The phosphorus content of membrane permeates of soybean oil was in the range of 20–58 mg/kg. Crude rapeseed oil contained higher amount of nonhydratable phospholipids and hence resulted in lower reduction in phospholipids, in the range of 66.4–83.2%. Addition of hydratable phospholipids could improve the efficiency of degumming in the membrane process without using any electrolyte, resulting in improvement of quality as well as quantity of the phospholipids.     

The Role of the Phosphorus Atom in Drug Design

Although the phosphorus atom is found in a variety of oxidation states, most of the phosphorus-containing molecules of pharmacological importance possess phosphorus in the form of phosphonate or phosphinate functional groups, or in a major oxidation state as a phosphate group. The most common occurrence of phosphorus in drugs is either in prodrugs or in compounds for which the phosphorus atom plays a role in the biological activity, such as in modified nucleotides, in metabolically stable analogues of metabolites bearing phosphate groups, and as bioisosteric analogues of carboxyl groups.     

双草醚在不同pH溶液及三种水体中的光解

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了除草剂双草醚在水溶液中的光降解情况。结果表明,在不同pH值缓冲溶液中,双草醚的光解速率为：pH5〉pH7〉pH9,说明双草醚在偏酸性环境中稳定性较差;在以碳酸氢氨、尿素、磷酸二氢钾这三种最常用的化肥作为添加物的水溶液中,磷酸二氢钾对双草醚的光解表现出较为明显的光敏化作用,碳酸氢氨和尿素对双草醚有微弱的光猝灭作用。     

H-Ferritin Produced by Myeloid Cells Is Released to the Circulation and Plays a Major Role in Liver Iron Distribution during Infection

During infections, the host redistributes iron in order to starve pathogens from this nutrient. Several proteins are involved in iron absorption, transport, and storage. Ferritin is the most important iron storage protein. It is composed of variable proportions of two peptides, the L- and H-ferritins (FTL and FTH). We previously showed that macrophages increase their expression of FTH1 when they are infected in vitro with Mycobacterium avium, without a significant increase in FTL. In this work, we investigated the role of macrophage FTH1 in M. avium infection in vivo. We found that mice deficient in FTH1 in myeloid cells are more resistant to M. avium infection, presenting lower bacterial loads and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type littermates, due to the lower levels of available iron in the tissues. Importantly, we also found that FTH1 produced by myeloid cells in response to infection may be found in circulation and that it plays a key role in iron redistribution. Specifically, in the absence of FTH1 in myeloid cells, increased expression of ferroportin is observed in liver granulomas and increased iron accumulation occurs in hepatocytes. These results highlight the importance of FTH1 expression in myeloid cells for iron redistribution during infection.     

Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits

Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.     

泰乐菌素在提取工艺中溶液中的稳定性研究

为探讨泰乐菌素在提取工艺中溶液中的稳定性,取提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液,采用高效液相色谱法测定在一定时间内检测泰乐菌素的含量,观察不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液的降解情况。结果显示,在提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液,均较稳定,结果证明,提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液稳定,基本上不降解。     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高,其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中,研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象,关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效,而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程,再到生物炭的老化,逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述,并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望,为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明,污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素,且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加,在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少,油中先增后减,气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下,气相中的氮含量高于固相,而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明,污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

Early Life Events and Maturation of the Dentate Gyrus: Implications for Neurons and Glial Cells

The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a significant role in learning, memory, and emotional behavior. Factors potentially influencing normal development of neurons and glial cells in the DG during its maturation can exert long-lasting effects on brain functions. Early life stress may modify maturation of the DG and induce lifelong alterations in its structure and functioning, underlying brain pathologies in adults. In this paper, maturation of neurons and glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and the effects of early life events on maturation processes in the DG have been comprehensively reviewed. Early postnatal interventions affecting the DG eventually result in an altered number of granule neurons in the DG, ectopic location of neurons and changes in adult neurogenesis. Adverse events in early life provoke proinflammatory changes in hippocampal glia at cellular and molecular levels immediately after stress exposure. Later, the cellular changes may disappear, though alterations in gene expression pattern persist. Additional stressful events later in life contribute to manifestation of glial changes and behavioral deficits. Alterations in the maturation of neuronal and glial cells induced by early life stress are interdependent and influence the development of neural nets, thus predisposing the brain to the development of cognitive and psychiatric disorders.     

Drying characteristics of porous material immersed in a bed of hygroscopic porous particles fluidized under reduced pressure

A relatively large wet material was immersed in a fluidized bed of hygroscopic porous particle (silica gel beads) under reduced pressure. And then the drying characteristics were compared with those in the case of inert particle (glass beads). The comparison of drying characteristics is performed experimentally and theoretically. In calculation, the water transfer from the sample to the fluidized bed was considered. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The effects of the operational conditions (the pressure in the drying chamber and the temperature of the drying gas) on the drying characteristics were also examined in both fluidizing particles.The drying finishes earlier in the case of hygroscopic porous particle than in the case of inert particle regardless of pressure in the drying chamber, since the water transfer from the sample facilitates the drying in the case of hygroscopic porous particles. The temperature decrement in drying appears in the case of inert particle. This phenomenon is also observed in the case of hygroscopic porous particle, but the decrement degree of the temperature is much smaller than that in the case of inert particle. The difference of the minimum temperature in the sample in drying between the cases of hygroscopic porous particle and inert particle is very slight for different pressures in the drying chamber.     

The stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of surfactants

Studies were made on the stability of NaOCl at 40°C in the presence of sodium alkanesulfonate or alkylarenesulfonate anionic surfactants, and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant,N-octylpyrrolidinone. The results were compared with NaOCl stability in the absence of additives and in the presence of nonsurfactant short-chain sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates. The data indicated that the rate of NaOCl loss is greatly dependent upon the pH of the solution, even at alkaline pHs. At initial pHs below 11, in the absence of additive, there is significant disproportionation of OCl⁻ to ClO ₃ ⁻ , accompanied by decrease in the pH of the solution, within a period of several days. Even at an initial pH of 11.3, in the presence of the surfactants investigated, there is significant disproportionation of OCl⁻ and decrease in the pH of the solution in the first several days. When the initial pH of the solution is 13.5, there is no significant decrease in pH of the solution for at least two months in the presence of the surfactants studied. NaOCl stability in the presence of surfactant decreases in the order: sodium linear alkanesulfonate > sodium linear alkyldiphenylethersulfonate > sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate >>N-octylpyrrolidinone. Stability was greater in the presence of linear alkylarenesulfonates than in the presence of branched alkylarenesulfonates. It is suggested that the differences in stability observed are due to the greater ease of oxidation of tertiary carbon atoms compared to primary or secondary atoms.