大环内酯类抗生素序贯疗法治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效分析

目的探讨大环内酯类抗生素序贯疗法治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择112例小儿支原体肺炎患儿,随机均分为两组。在常规对症治疗的基础上,观察组采取红霉素静滴联合阿奇霉素口服序贯治疗,对照组采取阿奇霉素静滴联合阿奇霉素口服序贯治疗。结果观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的发热消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间及疗程均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、注射部位疼痛发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论大环内酯类抗生素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效肯定,红霉素联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法有利于缩短治疗时间,改善患儿临床症状,减轻不良反应,提高治疗效果。     

阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效研究

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取我院2014年1月至2016年3月间收治的小儿支原体肺炎患儿80例,随机将其分为两组各40例。对照组采用阿奇霉素治疗,观察组采用阿奇霉素联合红霉素短程序贯治疗。观察两组患儿的疗效。结果治疗后,观察组的总有效率为97.50%,显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的平均退热天数、平均止咳天数和平均住院天数均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿奇霉素联合红霉素短程序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎,能较快地控制肺部症状,有效缩短住院时间,值得临床推广应用。     

普米克令舒联合氨溴索治疗新生儿肺炎的效果观察

目的探讨普米克令舒联合氨溴索治疗新生儿肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择我院2012年1月至2015年1月收治的新生儿肺炎患儿100例,将其随机分成实验组和对照组各50例,全部患儿经给予吸氧、抗感染、营养支持、纠正酸碱失衡等对症治疗,对照组患儿在常规基础治疗的同时给予普米克令舒治疗,实验组患儿则在常规基础治疗的同时给予普米克令舒联合氨溴索治疗,对两组患儿的临床治疗效果进行对比分析。结果实验组患儿的临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组患儿,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患儿的肺啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、退热时间、吸氧时间以及住院时间均显著短于对照组患儿,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论普米克令舒联合氨溴索治疗新生儿肺炎具有显著的临床疗效,可有效改善患儿的临床体征和症状,缩短患儿的住院时间,具有临床推广价值和应用价值。     

普米克令舒佐治儿童肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的:观察普米克令舒对儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的治疗效果。方法:108例确诊为肺炎支原体肺炎的儿童,随机分为两组,对照组常规静脉用阿奇霉素或红霉素,并予止咳、化痰等对症治疗;治疗组在上述综合治疗基础上,加用普米克令舒溶液吸入治疗5～7天。全部对象观察发热、咳嗽、肺部湿啰音等主要症状、体征消失时间和X线肺部影像恢复时间及住院时间。6岁以上儿童于入院时、治疗10天后分别进行肺功能测试。结果:在缓解发热、咳嗽症状方面,治疗组优于对照组,且治疗组疗程较对照组明显缩短,而在X线肺部影像恢复方面两组差异不显著。肺功能测试结果表明,两组患儿均存在不同程度混合性肺通气功能障碍,治疗10天后肺功能各项指标两组均有改善,普米克令舒治疗组较对照组改善更为明显。结论:普米克令舒吸入治疗可有效缓解肺炎支原体肺炎临床症状,有效改善肺功能,并缩短病程。     

阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎不同的临床效果及不良反应。方法选取我院2013年4月至2014年4月收治的92例小儿支原体肺炎患者,按就诊顺序分为观察组和对照组各46例。所有患者均进行常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予阿奇霉素治疗,对照组在此基础上给予红霉素治疗。比较两组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况,记录患者肺干湿啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间以及住院时间。结果观察组总有效率为93.48%,明显高于对照组的76.74%;观察组的住院时间、咳嗽消失时间、哮鸣音消失时间和湿罗音消失时间均明显短于对照组;观察组的不良反应发生率为6.52%,明显低于对照组的28.26%;两者相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎比红霉素疗效好,不良反应少,值得临床广泛推广。     

清肺化瘀汤联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨清肺化瘀汤联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法选择2015年1—6月我院收治的60例小儿支原体肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例。对照组单纯口服阿奇霉素治疗,观察组采用清肺化瘀汤联合阿奇霉素治疗,比较两组患儿的临床疗效、症状消失时间和不良反应情况。结果观察组总有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿咳嗽消失时间为(7.9±1.5)d,肺部啰音消失时间为(4.1±1.2)d,体温恢复时间为(3.0±1.0)d,均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为6.67%,对照组不良反应发生率为10.00%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论清肺化瘀汤联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效显著,对促进患儿相关症状消失具有重要意义,值得临床推广应用。     

布地奈德联合阿奇梅素治疗支原体肺炎临床观察

目的：观察布地奈德联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效和不良反应,为临床用药作出指导.方法：将 2010 年 8月 -2011 年 6 月于本院就诊的 67 例由支原体肺炎引发的发热、咳嗽咽痛等临床症状的患儿随机分为对照组和实验组两组,对照组 34 例采用阿奇霉素进行治疗,实验组 33 例在对照组治疗的同时加用布地奈德治疗.21 d 后进行临床疗效评价.对两组患者用药后的疗效和不良反应情况进行分析.结果：对照组和实验组患者经过为期 21 d 的治疗后,其有效率分别为 85.7% 与 90.9%,差异无统计学意义 （P〉0.05）.实验组患者咳嗽消失时间和平均住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义 （P〈0.05）.结论：布地奈德联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎进行治疗有较佳的临床疗效,可以减轻患者支原体肺炎引发的咳嗽等症状,患者咳嗽时间和平均住院时间都得以缩短.     

痰热清注射液佐治小儿肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的观察红霉素/阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法将196例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿随机分为观察组98例和对照组98例,两组均使用红霉素和阿奇霉素粉针剂序贯治疗,观察组在此基础上加用痰热清注射液静脉滴注治疗,观察两组临床退热时间、咳嗽明显好转时间、平均住院时间、肺部阴影消失时间及副反应。结果观察组在退热时间、咳嗽明显好转时间、肺部阴影消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）,且未发现不良反应。结论红霉素/阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎有较好疗效。     

阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床观察

目的 探究分析对小儿支原体肺炎患者采用阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠进行治疗的临床效果.方法 选取我院2012年2月-2013年2月收治的116例小儿支原体肺炎患儿作为临床研究对象,运用随机分配法,将其分为A组和B组,每组各58例,B组患儿采用阿奇霉素进行治疗,A组患儿采用阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠进行治疗,治疗一个月后,对两组患儿的治疗有效率、咳嗽消失时间以及住院时间进行观察对比.结果 A组患儿的治疗总有效率明显高于B组（P＜0.05）;A组患儿的咳嗽消失时间和住院时间明显短于B组（P＜0.05）.结论 对小儿支原体肺炎患者采用阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠进行治疗,能够有效缓解患儿咳嗽症状,缩短住院时间,提高治疗有效率,降低不良反应率,值得临床推广应用.     

阿奇霉素联合头孢曲松钠治疗儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的临床应用价值

目的 探讨阿奇霉素联合头孢曲松钠治疗儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的临床应用价值.方法 将2011年12月至2012年12月期间本院收诊的73例难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿随机分成两组,对照组35例,观察组38例;对照组采用阿奇霉素治疗,观察组则采用阿奇霉素联合头孢曲松钠治疗.比较两组间的疗效、症状改善时间差异及住院时间,随访6个月统计病情反复例数.结果 治疗1个疗程后,观察组总有效率为94.74％,显著高于对照组的71.43％,P＜0.05.观察组患儿咳嗽消失时间、退热时间、肺部啰音消失时间、住院时间等显著短于对照组（P ＜0.05）;随访6个月,观察组病情反复率为18.42％,显著低于对照组的40.00％,P＜0.05.结论 阿奇霉素联合头孢曲松钠治疗儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎疗效好,能有效缩短症状改善时间和住院时间并降低病情反复率,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.