强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节MRI表现与炎症活动的相关性

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节MR检查SPARCC评分与临床BASDAI评分之间的关系。方法 对40例临床确诊为AS的患者进行骶髂关节MR扫描,并对其进行SPARCC评分。按照临床BASDAI评分分为静止期及活动期两组,对两组间SPARCC评分的差异进行比较,并对SPARCC评分与BASDAI评分之间的关系进行相关性分析。结果 两组间的SPARCC评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SPARCC评分与BASDAI评分之间呈正相关(r＝0.39,P＝0.014)。结论 在评估AS骶髂关节炎症活动中,SPARCC评分与临床BASDAI评分呈正相关。     

DWI诊断儿童附着点炎症相关关节炎的早期骶髂关节炎性病变

目的 探讨DWI检测儿童附着点炎症相关关节炎（ERA）早期骶髂关节炎性病变的价值。方法 回顾性分析20例经临床确诊的ERA患儿（ERA组）及20例非骶髂关节炎儿童（对照组）的资料,年龄均为6~16岁。所有受试者均接受双侧骶髂关节MR检查,主要为精确频率反转恢复（SPAIR）脂肪抑制序列扫描及DWI（b值为0、400 s/mm²）,观察骶髂关节骶骨缘及髂骨缘骨质,测量并比较2组骶髂关节ADC值差异,绘制ROC曲线,评价ADC值对ERA的诊断效能。结果 ERA组中,17例SPAIR序列可见骶髂关节面缘片状高信号或斑片状稍高信号,3例SPAIR序列图像未见异常;16例DWI可见骶髂关节面缘片状高信号或斑片状稍高信号,4例DWI未见异常。对照组中,12例SPAIR序列图像骶髂关节面缘未见异常,8例SPAIR序列图像可见斑片状稍高信号;15例DWI骶髂关节面缘未见异常,5例DWI可见斑片状稍高信号。ERA组骶髂关节ADC值为（1.24±0.32）×10^-3 mm²/s,对照组为（0.69±0.24）×10^-3 mm²/s,差异有统计学意义（t=14.466,P=0.001）。以ADC=0.87×10^-3 mm²/s为阈值,诊断ERA的ROC曲线AUC为0.834（P=0.023）,敏感度为87.50%,特异度为77.50%,诊断准确率为82.50%。结论 DWI是显示儿童ERA骶髂关节炎性病变的敏感方法,ADC值定量分析对诊断早期骶髂关节炎性病变具有较高临床价值。     

多普勒超声在早期活动性中轴型脊柱关节病中的应用

目的 探讨多普勒超声诊断中轴型脊柱关节病（axSpA）患者活动性骶髂关节炎的价值。方法 回顾性分析51例早期axSpA患者的多普勒超声及MRI资料。依据MRI结果将axSpA患者分为活动性骶髂关节炎（活动）组及非活动性骶髂关节炎（非活动）组,比较2组骶髂关节的血流显示情况及血流阻力指数（RI）。以MRI结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,评价RI对axSpA患者活动性骶髂关节炎的诊断效能。结果 活动组32例共58个病变关节（6例为单发活动性骶髂关节炎）,非活动组19例共38个病变关节。活动组骶髂关节血流显示率（51/58,87.93%）高于非活动组（26/38,68.42%;χ²=5.505,P=0.019）。2组间血流分级差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.93,P=0.053）。活动组RI值（0.59±0.08）低于非活动组（0.71±0.09;t=-6.04,P<0.001）。以RI=0.64诊断axSpA患者活动性骶髂关节炎,敏感度为80.8%,特异度为74.5%,准确率为78.7%。结论 利用多普勒超声可通过骶髂关节周围及内部的异常血流来反映axSpA患者活动性骶髂关节炎,且准确率较高。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节CT表现特点(附31例分析)

目的:通过对31例强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节CT扫描,总结AS骶髂关节的CT表现。方法:31例临床确诊为AS的患者,男21例,女10例,年龄14~64岁,平均24.5岁。全部病例行双侧骶髂关节CT平扫,就其CT表现进行分析。结果:31例中有30例骶髂关节异常,其中Ⅰ级5例(16.1%),Ⅱ级7例(22.5%),Ⅲ级16例(51.6%),Ⅳ级2例(6.5%)。骶髂关节早期CT表现为对称性关节面骨皮质粗糙,局限性微小皮质破坏,但关节间隙正常;进展期为双侧骶髂关节面广泛骨皮质破坏,呈锯齿状或毛刷状,局部骨质硬化明显,关节间隙增宽;晚期为关节僵直,关节面下骨质疏松。结论:骶髂关节CT检查有助于AS的早期诊断,提高诊断准确性,其骶髂关节的CT表现对临床病情监测有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声评价中轴型脊柱关节病骶髂关节血流信号

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)对早期中轴型脊柱关节病(axSpA)患者骶髂关节炎的诊断价值。方法 收集本院早期axSpA患者,结合骶髂关节MRI分为活动组19例和非活动组25例,收集同期志愿者30名作为正常对照组。观察并比较3组骶髂关节的血流显示率、血流丰富程度及血流阻力指数(RI)。采用Kappa 分析比较超声与MRI诊断的一致性。结果 活动组(31个关节)骶髂关节血流显示率(28/31,90.32%)高于非活动组(50个关节,26/50,52.00%)及正常对照组(60个关节,33/60,55.00%;χ²=12.65、11.54,P<0.01);非活动组与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.10,P=0.74)。3组间血流丰富程度差异无统计学意义(P=0.78)。活动组RI(0.57±0.07)低于非活动组(0.70±0.09)及正常对照组(0.78±0.11;t=0.14、0.16,P<0.01);非活动组与正常对照组的RI差异无统计学意义(P=0.71)。以RI=0.64诊断活动性骶髂关节炎,与MRI相比Kappa=0.64。结论 CDUS可显示骶髂关节异常血流,对诊断axSpA活动性骶髂关节炎有一定价值。     

强直性脊柱炎64例骶髂关节病变CT表现分析

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT诊断与鉴别诊断。方法对郑州市第七人民医院临床确诊的64例强直性脊柱炎的CT片进行回顾性分析。结果 64例骶髂关节均有不同程度的异常改变。6例表现为单侧骶髂关节间隙增宽,髂骨侧关节面毛糙伴骨质硬化,36例表现为双侧骶髂关节髂骨侧硬化、毛糙,邻近骨质不同范围骨质硬化,关节面下可示小囊状透亮影。16例双侧骶髂关节面毛糙、硬化,呈锯齿样改变,关节间隙假性增宽或缩窄。6例双侧骶髂关节间隙消失,骨小梁贯通,形成骨性强直。结论强直性脊柱炎CT检查对病变细节显示清楚,对早期病变更具有敏感性。双侧骶髂关节CT平扫对早期发现强直性脊柱炎的骶髂关节病变有着重要意义。     

骶骨肿瘤侵犯骶髂关节的CT及MRI表现

目的 分析良、恶性骶骨肿瘤侵犯骶髂关节的CT及MRI表现。方法 观察51例骶骨肿瘤对骶髂关节侵犯的CT和MRI表现。其中骨巨细胞瘤19例,神经鞘瘤6例,神经纤维瘤1例,脊索瘤7例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、小细胞肉瘤和梭形细胞肉瘤各1例,软骨肉瘤6例,尤因肉瘤2例,黏液乳头状室管膜瘤1例,转移癌6例。结果 骶髂关节受侵29例(29/51,56.86％),其中双侧骶髂关节受侵11例,单侧受侵18例。骶髂关节受侵发生率在良性肿瘤患者中为53.85%(14/26),在恶性患者中为60.00％(15/25)。CT表现为关节双侧骨质破坏、关节面消失,软组织肿块占据骶髂关节;MRI表现为骶髂关节双侧骨质信号消失,被肿瘤信号取代。结论 骶骨恶性肿瘤常侵犯骶髂关节。骶骨良性肿瘤中,骨巨细胞瘤最易侵犯骶髂关节。     

强直性脊椎炎骶髂关节病变35例CT诊断分析

目的回顾性分析强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现,以提高临床诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法分析35例临床确诊强直性脊柱炎患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变CT表现特点:关节边缘骨侵蚀、关节面破坏、关节间隙改变、软骨下骨硬化、骨性强直以及骶髂韧带钙化。结论根据骶髂关节的CT表现,结合临床资料,CT检查可准确诊断早期强直性脊柱炎。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变高分辨力CT表现

目的评价高分辨力CT对强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的诊断价值。方法分析180例临床确诊的强直性脊柱炎病例的骶髂关节HRCT检查资料。结果180例患者按HRCT表现分为5期。包括:0级1例(0.56%);Ⅰ级38例(21.11%);Ⅱ级41例(22.78%);Ⅲ级91例(50.56%);Ⅳ级9例(5.00%)。Ⅱ级18例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级4例,0级1例,Ⅰ级38例。结论HRCT能清晰显示骶髂关节的微细结构,对强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节早期病变的诊断有较高价值。     

骶髂关节MRI在炎性腰背痛诊断中的价值

目的研究各种骶髂关节炎的骶髂关节MRI表现及MRI在炎性腰背痛鉴别诊断中的价值。方法搜集在风湿科有炎性腰背痛病史,并且骶髂关节X线平片及CT检查均为阴性的门诊及住院患者,共162例。进行临床实验室检查及MRI检查。观察分析各种炎症性背痛患者骶髂关节MR表现。结果 162例患者,经临床诊断强直性脊柱炎患者91例,未分化脊柱关节病患者41例,其他血清阴性脊柱关节病患者24例,其它关节病患者6例。各种关节炎患者组单侧或双侧骶髂关节炎差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.264,P=0.659)。各种关节炎患者组在双侧骶髂关节受累方面的差异有显著性(χ~2=91.866,P0.001)。强直性脊柱炎与未分化脊柱关节病(χ~2=54.548,P0.001)、强直性脊柱炎与银屑病关节炎(χ~2=49.888,P0.001)、强直性脊柱炎与反应性关节炎(χ~2=12.452,P0.001)、强直性脊柱炎与炎性肠病关节炎(χ~2=44.321,P0.001);强直性脊柱炎与其它关节病(χ~2=49.888,P0.001)差异均有统计学意义。结论骶髂关节MRI在各种骶髂关节炎的鉴别诊断中具有重要作用。     

儿童遗传性心律失常的诊治进展

回顾在遗传性心律失常领域最新发表的相关研究,主要关注与儿童心源性猝死关系密切的离子通道病,包括长QT综合征（LQTS）、短QT综合征（SQTS）、Brugada综合征（BrS）和儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速（CPVT）,总结它们在发病机制及诊治方面的进展。     

The acoustic characteristics of the skull

Many investigators have stated that the difficulties of imaging with acoustical energy through the skull result from the marked attenuation of the energy by the skull. In the literature measurements of total attenuation have been confused with those for absorption.Measurements made by us show that absorption by compact bone varies between 2–3 dB cm^?1 MHz^?1 and, in the low megaHertz region appears to be directly proportional to frequency.It has also between shown that the convoluted inner surface of the ivory bone of the inner table of the skull may degrade the collimation and directionality of the beam by refraction.Cancellous bone, such as is present in the dipole of the skull, greatly attenuates the energy. It is postulated that this largely results from scattering. It is also postulated that the energy propagates through cancellous bone as two components, one in the soft tissues and the other partly in the bony spicules. Observations suggest that attenuation due to scattering much more markedly affects the latter of these components and scatters more greatly the higher frequencies in a pulse of broad bandwidth.The energy in each component has varying propagation paths so that the later cycles in the pulse of each component are subject to increasing interference as a result of the variations in propagation times. The two components moreover may have different propagation times so that interference may occur between the pulses of each component as well.All of these phenomena degrade the collimation, coherence, directionality, beam width, pulse length, frequency and other properties of the ultrasonic energy upon which imaging through the skull depends.The interference effects described above are least for the first cycle in the pulse which usually is not the cycle of highest amplitude. Since, in the free field, most of the energy is concentrated around the beam axis, most of the energy in the field which is deflected from its normal propagation path is deflected away from the beam axis. Thus the directionality of the beam is least degraded in the beam axis. The effects of the skull in degrading the properties of the ultrasonic pulse would therefore be lessened if the amplitude of the first cycle of the pulse and the directionality of its energy could be used for imaging.     

Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade

SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.     

COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related dermatological reactions: An interesting case series with a narrative review of the potential critical and non‐critical mucocutaneous adverse effects related to virus,therapy, and the vaccination

This narrative review article was conducted to lay out a summarized but exhaustive review of current literature over mucocutaneous manifestations in 4 dimensions of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: virus itself, treatment‐related, vaccine‐induced, and alteration of chronic dermatologic diseases following infection. Virus and vaccine‐related were mainly self‐limited and non‐severe. Treatment‐related reactions could be life‐threatening.     

2017年呼吸疾病主要进展

2017年,国内外学者在呼吸系统疾病的临床和基础领域均进行了深入研究,不仅对相关指南进行了更新,并且针对一些临床热点、难点问题达成专家共识,现就2017年呼吸疾病相关进展作一简单介绍。     

家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的加强对家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（familially hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,FHL）的认识。方法报道确诊为FHL的新病例1例,结合国内外报道的FHL的病例,对该病的临床特点进行汇总分析。结果FHL2常与PRF1基因突变相关,约20%~40%的患者存在穿孔素基因突变。结论对于有阳性家族史,基因诊断明确,应尽早行化疗或者造血干细胞移植。若无家族史,未发现与继发性HLH相关的原发病因,可考虑行基因筛查以明确是否存在FHL的可能。     

Burkitt's lymphoma of maxillary gingiva: A case report

Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) is an aggressive form of nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with three variants namely endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. It is endemic in Africa and sporadic in other parts of the world. While the endemic form is widely reported to occur in early childhood and commonly involves the jaw bones, the sporadic form typically presents as an abdominal mass. This presentation reports a rare case of sporadic form of BL clinically manifesting as a generalized gingival enlargement in an immunocompetent adult male which demonstrated an aggressive behavior. The patient reported with a prominent anterior gingival swelling of 6 mo duration which slowly enlarged in size and associated with multiple lymph node involvement. Microscopic examination of the lesion using H, E and immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis as BL. The patient succumbed to the disease before any therapy could be instituted. Since a wide array of causes can be attributed to gingival enlargements, it is necessary to consider malignancies as one of the important differential diagnosis so as to facilitate the need for appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment.     

动态心电图临床操作标准化方法

动态心电图,又称Holter或Holter检查,是一种评价各种心脏病患者心电图异常的简便、高效、准确、安全的无创检查,广泛用于心律失常的相关症状评价,心肌缺血的诊断,心脏病患者的预后和日常生活能力评估,药物疗效评价,起搏器等埋藏式心脏电治疗装置监测等领域。目前动态心电图已广泛用于于临床各级医疗机构,为了更好地发挥其作用,有必要对该项技术进行规范化培训。本文参考相关指南、共识及专家建议,结合作者经验,撰写动态心电图临床操作标准化方法供临床使用时参考。     

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000285 regulates the microRNA‐599/G‐protein subunit gamma 12 (miR‐599/GNG12) axis to promote glioma progression

ObjectiveGlioma is the most common, rapidly progressing, lethal brain tumor. However, underlying mechanisms behind its abnormal progression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate mechanism of action and effects of the hsa_circ_0000285 on glioma progression.MethodsRT‐qPCR was utilized to study RNA expression in glioma tissues and cell lines. The effects of hsa_circ_0000285 on glioma progression were studied by measuring cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, tumor volume and weight in both glioma cells and xenograft glioma mice. The features of hsa_circ_0000285 were identified using chromatin fractionation and RNase digestion. Its mechanism of action was analyzed using bioinformatics, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assay.ResultsWe found glioma tissues and cell lines were overexpressing hsa_circ_0000285. While hsa_circ_0000285 promoted cell proliferation and migration, it inhibited apoptosis in vitro. It also increased tumor volume and weight in vivo. Using bioinformatic analysis and verification experiments for studying its mechanisms, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0000285 sponged miR‐599, which negatively regulated GNG12 by binding to its mRNA.ConclusionHsa_circ_0000285 is overexpressed in the glioma and promotes its progression by directly regulating the miR‐599/GNG12 axis. This novel mechanism, therefore, shows that the hsa_circ_0000285/miR‐599/GNG12 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.