叶轮机设计的缘线匹配理论及方法

本文提出了叶轮机非定常设计的缘线匹配理论和方法,研究指出,缘线匹配注意了先前没有被考虑的周期非定常流动的相位影响,而今通过协调相邻叶排相邻缘线空间关系得以实现。初步理论及数值研究表明缘线匹配技术在提高叶轮机气动性能、气弹性能、气动噪声和热传导性能上的潜力。作为一个设计自由度,它使叶轮机非定常气动设计具有了真实而可操作的内容。     

缘线匹配技术在轴流透平设计中的应用探索

缘线匹配技术是叶轮机非定常气动设计技术,它以叶轮机相邻叶排前、后缘线空间相对位置为非定常设计自由度来进一步提升叶轮机性能,这在叶轮机定常设计框架下是不能考虑的。本文以单级蒸汽透平设计为例对缘线匹配非定常设计技术进行数值研究,初步展示了缘线匹配的应用方法及其设计验证,数值计算结果表明缘线匹配技术为叶轮机非定常气动设计提供了有效的设计自由度。     

缘线匹配技术在轴流压气机设计中的应用探索

叶轮机缘线匹配技术以叶轮机相邻叶排前、后缘线空间相对位置为非定常设计自由度来进一步提升叶轮机性能,这在叶轮机定常设计框架下是不能考虑的。本文以单级轴流压气机设计为例对缘线匹配非定常设计技术进行数值研究,初步展示了缘线匹配的应用方法及其设计验证,数值计算结果表明缘线匹配技术为叶轮机非定常气动设计提供了有效的设计途经。     

缘线匹配主导下的叶轮机非定常设计

随着高性能叶轮机的不断发展,叶轮机流动固有的非定常属性越来越强烈以致不容忽略,且计算流体力学和计算机技术的飞速发展以及对定常,非定常流动现象认识的不断丰富,使得更全面考虑非定常影响成为可能.本文以缘线匹配产生的学科发展内在背景为导引,从气动、气弹/振动、涡轮热环境管理、转静噪音控制四个非定常设计方面论述了缘线匹配技术在其中的主导作用.     

缘线匹配对非定常流动影响初探

为深化缘线匹配对叶轮机非定常流动影响的认识,本文以关注尾迹撞击叶表展向轨迹为出发点,围绕缘线匹配对叶轮机非定常流动及性能影响进行了初步数值探索.研究表明:不同缘线匹配时叶片整体性能参数具有不同的脉动水平;给定缘线匹配下,整体性能参数脉动幅值随工况几乎不变或变化很缓;在设计点为达到降低某种脉动目的而实施的缘线匹配在非设计点同样有效;尽管微弱,数值模拟中还发现缘线匹配对上游尾迹随流掺混产生影响;缘线匹配严重影响时均相关项量值水平,尤其在叶尖、叶根和前缘附近.     

关于叶轮机时均(准四维)和非定常(四维)气动设计体系的初步诠释

本文以考虑非定常流动的完整性为线索,总结概述了先前气动设计体系的困难与限制,在此基础上,以描述叶轮机流动的时均和时间精确模型为核心分别从其构成和标志性技术对叶轮机时均和非定常气动设计体系进行了初步诠释。文章认为促成时均(准四维)和非定常(四维)气动设计体系现实应用是叶轮机发展的最后契机。     

转/静干扰效应纳入设计体系的途径探索

1前言近年来,叶轮机非定常流动时间精确模拟获得十足发展。虽然如此,关于时间精确解仍然存在很多问题。因而就目前而言,将叶轮机非定常干扰时间平均效应纳入设计体系,实现准四维设计体系是缩短我国和发达国家叶轮机气动设计水平差异的关键工作,其中叶轮机非定常流动时均流动模拟方法是首要解决的问题。叶轮机时均流动模拟工作,国外主要有Adamczyk［llRhie［‘］国内作者和孟庆国博士也开展了研究［‘－’］,其中文献问详细阐述了时均流动模拟理论和方法,并对时均流动模拟基本方式进行分类（图1）。2反映转／静干扰效应的时均N－S…     

轴流叶轮机械三维非定常粘性流动数值分析

１前言叶轮机内部流动的数值计算方法一般都是基于转子与静子结构相互无关的定常流动假设,这种假设实际上是认为转子叶排与静子叶排相距足够远,以至于相互之间互不干扰。事实上,叶轮机中的非定常性是其固有的,转子叶排与静子叶排相距很近,转子叶排的高速旋转、上游叶...     

单级跨音压气机非定常伴随气动优化

在多排叶轮机械中,动静叶干涉会在流场中产生强烈的非定常效应。公开文献中现有的多排叶轮机械气动优化设计均采用基于混合平面法的定常模型,无法考虑流动的非定常特性。本文采用课题组自行开发的多排叶轮机械非定常伴随气动优化系统,对某单级跨音压气机动叶进行了非定常气动优化设计,优化过程中采用谐波平衡法高效求解非定常流场和非定常伴随场。优化目标为降低压气机级的进出口熵增,同时限制流量和压比不低于原始设计,并控制叶片最大厚度的变化幅度。优化结果表明,本文伴随气动优化系统能够高效地对多排叶轮机械进行非定常气动优化设计。     

第三代三维叶片技术思路分析

叶轮机已历经两代三维叶片发展:分别强调"基元叶型"和"掠弯积叠",较为有效地解决了基元叶栅负荷能力和展向势流匹配两大问题。那么,接下来三维叶片还能按何种技术思路继续发展?围绕该问题,本文首先简要回顾了叶轮机三维叶片技术发展历史及其对应解决的流动问题,然后分析了端区主要流动结构,指出组织好端区复杂流动是三维叶片进一步发展的出发点,并提出以叶片/端壁融合、前缘边条叶片为主要特征的第三代三维叶片技术思路.     

Investigation of the benefits of unsteady blowing actuation on a 2D wind turbine blade

This paper investigates the benefit of unsteady blowing actuation over a two-dimensional (2D) airfoil specially designed for wind turbine applications. The experiments were carried out in Syracuse University’s anechoic wind tunnel, both with and without large-scale unsteadiness in the free stream generated by a 2D cylinder upstream of the airfoil. By analyzing both surface pressure through wavelet analysis and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) velocity field measurements, we found a drastic change in the flow physics and the aerodynamic loading on the airfoil between steady and unsteady free-stream conditions. When there was no large-scale unsteadiness introduced in the flow, under open-loop flow control conditions with unsteady blowing, the leading-edge separation was delayed and the maximum lift coefficient was increased. For the cases where large-scale unsteadiness was introduced into the flow, the experiments showed that both open-loop and closed-loop control cases were capable of reducing load fluctuations by a measurable amount. However, only the closed-loop control case that utilized dynamic surface pressure information from the airfoil suction side near the leading edge was capable of consistently mitigating the fluctuating load.     

Effects of thermal radiation on Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching surface subjected to suction/blowing

The unsteady flow of a Casson fluid and heat transfer over a stretching surface in presence of suction/blowing are investigated.The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the shooting method.The exact solution corresponding to the momentum equation for the steady case is obtained.Fluid velocity initially decreases with the increase of unsteadiness parameter.Due to an increasing Casson parameter the velocity field is suppressed.Thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and the temperature rises.     

轴向间隙对动 /静相干叶排内部非定常特性的影响

本文采用文献［3,4］所发展的滑移界面技术,求解了不同轴向间隙时某一透平级内的非定常流场, 发现轴向间隙由0.152倍栅距变化到0.533倍栅距时,监测点速度u的相对振幅由26.27%下降为7.94%; 速度v的相对振幅由21.34%下降到7.3%。计算结果表明轴向间隙的增大将使动/静叶排间的相互干扰作用减弱,从而使其内部非定常流动特性减小,为设计工作提供了参考依据     

A theoretical study on the unsteady aerothermodynamics for attached flow models

The principle of the unsteady aerothermodynamics was theoretically investigated for the attached flow. Firstly, two simplified models with analytic solutions to the N-S equations were selected for the research, namely the compressible unsteady flows on the infinite flat plate with both time-varying wall velocity and time-varying wall temperature boundary conditions. The unsteady temperature field and the unsteady wall heat flux (heat flow) were analytically solved for the second model. Then, the interaction characteristic of the unsteady temperature field and the unsteady velocity field in the simplified models and the effects of the interaction on the transient wall heat transfer were studied by these two analytic solutions. The unsteady heat flux, which is governed by the energy equation, is directly related to the unsteady compression work and viscous dissipation which originates from the velocity field governed by the momentum equation. The main parameters and their roles in how the unsteady velocity field affects the unsteady heat flux were discussed for the simplified models. Lastly, the similarity criteria of the unsteady aerothermodynamics were derived based on the compressible boundary layer equations. Along with the Strouhal number Stu, the unsteadiness criterion of the velocity field, StT number, the unsteadiness criterion of the temperature field was proposed for the first time. Different from the traditional method used in unsteady aerodynamics which measures the flow unsteadiness only by the Stu number, present results show that the flow unsteadiness in unsteady aerothermodynamics should be comprehensively estimated by comparing the relative magnitudes of the temperature field unsteadiness criterion StT number with the coefficients of other terms in the dimensionless energy equation.     

Effects of transpiration on unsteady MHD flow of an upper convected Maxwell （UCM） fluid passing through a stretching surface in the presence of a first order chemical reaction

The aim of this article is to present the effects of transpiration on the unsteady two-dimensional boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian fluid passing through a stretching sheet in the presence of a first order constructive/destructive chemical reaction. The upper-convected Maxwell （UCM） model is used here to characterize the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. Using similarity solutions, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary ones and are then solved numerically by the shooting method. The flow fields and mass transfer are significantly influenced by the governing parameters. The fluid velocity initially decreases as the unsteadiness parameter increases and the concentration decreases significantly due to the increase in the unsteadiness. The effect of increasing values of transpiration （suction） and the Maxwell parameter is to suppress the velocity field; however, the concentration is enhanced as transpiration （suction） and the Maxwell parameter increase. Also, it is found that the fluid velocity decreases as the magnetic parameter increases; however, the concentration increases in this case.     

Variable fluid properties and variable heat flux effects on the flow and heat transfer in a non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet with slip velocity

The effects of variable fluid properties and variable heat flux on the flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of slip velocity have been studied. The governing differential equations are transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and then solved with a numerical technique using appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The numerical solution for the governing non-linear boundary value problem is based on applying the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method coupled with the shooting technique over the entire range of physical parameters. The effects of various parameters like the viscosity parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, unsteadiness parameter, slip velocity parameter, the Deborah number, and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles as well as on the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are presented and discussed. Comparison of numerical results is made with the earlier published results under limiting cases.     

Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Magneto-Biphase Williamson Fluid Flow with Time Dependent Magnetic Field

Numerical investigation of the dusty Williamson fluid with the dependency of time has been done in current disquisition. The flow of multiphase liquid/particle suspension saturating the medium is caused by stretching of porous surface. The influence of magnetic field and heat generation/absorption is observed. It is assumed that particle has a spherical shape and distributed uniformly in fluid matrix. The unsteady two-dimensional problems are modeled for both fluid and particle phase using conservation of mass, momentum and heat transfer. The finalized model generates the non-dimensioned parameters, namely Weissenberg number, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter,heat generation/absorption parameter, Prandtl number, fluid particle interaction parameter, and mass concentration parameters. The numerical solution is obtained. Locality of skin friction and Nusselt number is deliberately focused to help of tables and graphs. While inferencing the current article it is clearly observed that increment of Williamson parameter, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter, volume fraction parameter, and mass concentration parameter reduces the velocity profile of fluid and solid particles as well. And increment of Prandtl number, unsteadiness parameter,volume fraction parameter, and mass concentration parameter reduces the temperature profile of fluid and solid particles as well.