COL4A1基因多态性与中国东北地区散发颅内动脉瘤的相关性研究

目的 探讨Ⅳ型胶原蛋白基因α1(COL4A1)与中国东北地区颅内动脉瘤发生之间的关系及不同人群COL1A1等位基因频率分布特征.方法 对病例组和对照组的外周血进行全基因组DNA提取,应用PCR反应扩增目的片断,并进行特异位点酶切,比较两组间各参数的差异.结果 两组COL4A1基因功能性SNP rs3783107位点基因型频率之间、等位基因频率之间比较,均无统计学差异(P均>0.05),但不同人群之间COL4A1等位基因频率比较具有统计学差异(P均<0.01).结论 COL4A1基因可能不是中国东北地区颅内动脉瘤患者的易感基因之一.但中国东北地区人群与荷兰人群COL4A1等位基因分布具有显著性差异.     

中国人群COL1A2基因多态性与散发颅内动脉瘤的相关性

目的探讨Ⅰ型胶原蛋白基因α2（COL1A2）与中国人群颅内动脉瘤（IA）发生之间的关系及中国与日本、德国人群COL1A2等位基因频率分布特征。方法研究实验组与对照组之间COL1A2基因功能性SNPrs42524位点的基因型和等位基因出现的频率差异,同时对中国人群与日本和德国人群进行组间等位基因出现的频率差异性比较。结果实验组和对照组COL1A2基因功能性SNP rs42524位点基因型频率及等位基因频率均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;不同人群之间COL1A2等位基因频率也具有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论COL1A2基因是中国人群IA患者的易感基因之一,中国人群与日本、德国人群COL1A2等位基因分布均具有显著性差异。     

尾加压素Ⅱ基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征相关性的研究

目的 探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UTS2)基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病的关系.方法 用熔解温度不同的基因分型法.检测PCOS患者101例(PCOS组)及其父母202名和105名健康妇女(对照组)UTS2基因rs228648、rs2890565位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并检测基础状态下FSH、LH、睾酮、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平.结果 PCOS组的UTS2基因rs228648 A/G多态性位点与对照组比较,基因型与等位基因频率均无明显差异,两组的SNP rs2890565基因型频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCOS组A等位基因频率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).传递不平衡检验(TDT)显示,SNP rs228648A/G在杂合子父母的2个不同等位基因无优势传递(P>0.05),而rs2890565 A/G在杂合子父母A等位基因优势传递(P<0.05).PCOS组UTS2基因SNP rs228648 GG基因型较携带A等位基因的PCOS患者稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)明显增高(P<0.05).SNP rs2890565从和AG基因型空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素较GG基因型明显增高,从基因型HOMA-IR较GG基因型明显增高(P<0.05).结论 UTS2基因SNP rs228648 A/G多态性与PCOS无相关性,但与胰岛素抵抗存在关联.UTS2基因SNP rs2890565可能在PCOS的遗传易感性中起一定作用,A等位基因可能与PCOS的发生有关.     

胱抑素C rs1064039位点单核苷酸基因多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

目的:通过研究胱抑素C基因(CST3)rs1064039位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP),揭示其与冠心病的相关性。方法:采用病例-对照研究,选择上海市静安区中心医院心内科疑似冠心病入院的汉族530例患者为研究对象,依据冠状动脉(冠脉)造影结果分为冠心病组(320例)及对照组(210例)。提取外周血白细胞基因组DNA,应用巢式PCR直接测序技术检测CST3rs1064039位点SNP,分析该位点的基因型及等位基因频率与冠心病的相关性,及其与血胱抑素C水平的关系。结果:汉族人群中CST3基因rs1064039位点存在G/A突变,存在GG、GA和AA 3种基因型,GG型为野生基因型,无论等位基因频率或者基因型分布在冠心病及对照组均无明显差异;CST3rs1064039位点野生型纯合子携带者血胱抑素C在全体人群和对照组中的水平明显高于突变型携带者,但这种差别在冠心病组消失。结论:汉族人群中CST3基因rs1064039位点的基因多态性与冠心病发病无直接相关性,而与血胱抑素C水平相关。     

EDNRA和EDNRB基因单核苷酸位点多态性与缺血性脑卒中的相关性

目的探讨中国北方地区汉族人群内皮素受体(EDNR)A和EDNRB基因中单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与缺血性脑卒中(IS)的相关性。方法检测EDNRA基因的3个位点:rs1801708、rs5333、rs5335和EDNRB基因的2个位点:rs3818416、rs5351在对照组、IS组中的多态分布。结果在男性群体中,EDNRA基因rs5335位点突变纯合型CC发病危险度明显降低(P=0.016;OR=0.52;95%CI=0.31~0.88);在女性群体中,EDNRA基因rs1801708位点中,突变纯合型AA发病危险度明显高于G基因携带者(P=0.019;OR=2.65;95%CI=1.18~6.00)。结论 EDNRA基因rs5335位点的C等位基因能够降低北方汉族男性人群IS的发病风险,rs1801708位点的A等位基因能够增加北方汉族女性人群IS的发病风险。     

广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病遗传易感性的关联研究

目的探讨T2DM遗传易感性与广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的关联。方法采用病例对照设计,运用SNPscanTM分型技术检测T2DM组和正常对照组(NC)PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点的基因型,比较两组基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果 NC、T2DM组rs6821591位点T、C等位基因频率分别为67.31%、32.69%/67.57%、32.43%,rs2970847为23.91%、76.09%/23.95%、76.05%,两组双位点等位基因频率分布及TT/CT/CC基因型频率分布比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。调整协变量前后,两组rs6821591和rs2970847位点的隐性、显性、共显性及超显性遗传模型比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论T2DM遗传易感性可能与广东汉族人群PPARGC1A基因rs6821591和rs2970847位点SNP无明显关联。     

磷酸二酯酶4D基因单核苷酸多态性与COPD相关性研究

目的 探讨磷酸二酯酶4D (PDE4D)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与COPD相关性.方法 选取8个SNP位点SNP1=rs11740402,SNP2=rs17528473,SNP3=rs17780213,SNP4=rs1529843,SNP5=rs11743928,SNP6=rs26956,SNP7=rs35387,SNP8=rs35386,以北京某社区40～80岁人群为研究对象,共入选136例受试者,COPD组71例和对照组65例,均为汉族.设计目标SNP位点上下游引物,PCR扩增目标片段,Sanger测序法检测目标片段碱基,x2检验比较2组在等位基因和基因型分布频率上的差异,非条件Logistic回归评价SNP位点与COPD之间的相关性.结果 8个SNP位点其基因型分布在COPD组和对照组均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,在对照组受试者连锁不平衡(Linkage Disequilibrium,LD)分析时发现SNP1、SNP2处于连锁不平衡,形成LDBlock1,SNP6、SNP7和SNP8处于连锁不平衡,形成LD Block2,SNP5基因型均为A/A型,不能与其他SNP位点形成LD Block.单倍体型分析发现在COPD组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).基于等位基因的关联分析中发现2组病例之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在基因型的关联分析中发现位点SNP8基因型频率在COPD组和对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在进一步非条件Logistic回归分析中发现SNP8在Ressessive遗传模型时与COPD存在相关性,G/G基因型在COPD组和对照组分别为20.3％和6.3％(P＜0.05,OR =4.07,95％ CI为1.26～13.18),提示SNP8的G/G基因型与COPD易感性增加有关.结论 研究结果提示PDE4D基因SNP可能与COPD的发生发展相关,SNP8的G/G基因型可能是COPD易感性的一个预测因子.     

C反应蛋白两个单核苷酸多态性位点与中国汉族人群缺血性脑卒中的关联研究

目的探讨中国汉族人群C反应蛋白(CRP)基因2个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点rs1130864和rs3093059与缺血性脑卒中(IS)的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究,纳入中国汉族IS患者158例为病例组,同期体检的健康者290例为对照组。基因分型用PCR-RFLP技术,应用多因素1ogistic回归分析各SNP对IS发生的易感性。结果病例组与对照组CRP基因2个SNP位点rs1130864和rs3093059基因型、等位基因频率分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)。2组rs1130864和rs3093059位点各单体型分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CRP基因2个SNP位点rs1130864和rs3093059及其组成的单体型与中国汉族人群IS的发病风险无明显相关性。     

SIRT1基因多态性与海南省长寿人群的相关性

目的探讨SIRT1基因多态性与海南长寿人群的相关性。方法通过入户调查收集海南省36位百岁老人的血标本,年龄100～108[平均(102.78±1.93)]岁;对照组选取健康体检中心体检对象39例,年龄40～65[平均(46.92±5.25)]岁;利用HapMap数据库分析SIRT1基因上下游SNP位点及分型结果,测序检测SIRT1基因的rs4746720、rs3740051、rs10997870、rs2273773和rs3758391位点的单核苷酸多态性分布,比较长寿组与对照组人群的等位基因和基因型频率的分布特征,分析SIRT1基因多态性与海南长寿人群的相关性。结果 SIRT1基因的rs4746720、rs3740051、rs10997870、rs2273773和rs3758391位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率在长寿组和对照组间分布的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 SIRT1基因rs4746720、rs3740051、rs10997870、rs2273773和rs3758391位点多态性与海南省长寿人群尚未发现相关性。     

p53基因多态性与鼻咽癌遗传易感性的关系

目的研究广西南宁鼻咽癌患者p53基因遗传多态性与鼻咽癌发生的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,以200例鼻咽癌患者、200例对照人群为研究对象。选取p53基因SNP rs117562731位点作为遗传标记,用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和测序方法检测rs117562731位点基因型频率和等位基因频率,比较两组不同基因型与鼻咽癌易感性的关系。结果通过对rs117562731位点多态基因型检测分型发现,在鼻咽癌组和对照组CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为80.0%、17.0%、3.0%和93.0%、5.5%、1.5%。rs117562731位点等位基因及基因型频率在鼻咽癌组与对照组间分布有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 p53基因SNP rs117562731位点多态性与鼻咽癌之间存在显著的相关性。     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Investigation of mode of action of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence

A study was carried out in 25 incontinent patients to evaluate some of the factors thought to be responsible for the success of retraining for fecal incontinence. Subjects were initially allocated to one of two groups; one group was trained to perceive small rectal volumes (active retraining), the other group carried out the same maneuvers but were not given any information or instruction. Active sensory retraining reduced the sensory threshold from 32 +/- 8 to 7 +/- 2 ml (P less than 0.001), corrected any sensory delay that was present (P less than 0.004), and reduced the frequency of incontinence from 5 +/- 1 to 1 +/- 1 episodes per week (P less than 0.01). Sham retraining caused a modest reduction in the sensory threshold (from 29 +/- 9 to 20 +/- 8; P less than 0.05) but did not significantly reduce the frequency of incontinence. Subsequent strength and coordination training did not significantly improve continence, although at the end of the study, 50% of patients had no incontinent episodes at all and 76% of patients had reduced the frequency of incontinence episodes by more than 75%. This improvement in continence was not associated with any change in sphincter pressures or in the continence to rectally infused saline but was associated with significant improvements in rectal sensation. The functional improvement was sustained over a period of two years in 16 of the 22 patients available for follow-up. In conclusion, the results support the use of retraining in the management of fecal incontinence and suggest that retraining may work by enhancing rectal sensitivity and instilling confidence.