以L-谷氨酰胺-铜（Ⅱ）配合物为供体酶法制备茶氨酸

A novel method for enzymatic synthesis of L-theanine using copper（Ⅱ）-L-glutamine［Cu（Gln）₂］as donor substrate was proposed.The structure of Cu（Gln）₂ was identified by infrared spectrum analysis and its stability was also investigated under the reaction conditions.The enzymatic synthesis of L-theanine catalyzed by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase was carried out by using Cu（Gln）₂ and L-glutamine as donor substrate respectively,and the product yield and conversion rate of donor substrate were compared under the conditions of different ratios of donor and acceptor.The results showed that the transpeptidation reaction could be effectively enhanced by using Cu（Gln）₂ as donor substrate.The conversion rate of donor would increase by 51.5%,44.9% and 27.1% under different reaction conditions,compared to that using L-Gln as donor substrate.When the molar ratio of donor to acceptor was 6∶100,a higher donor conversion of 71.3% was obtained.     

A型分子筛对甲烷水合物生成的影响

The porous medium has an important effect on hydrate formation. In this paper, the formation process and the gas storage capacity of the methane hydrate were investigated with A-type zeolite and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) existing in the system. The results show that A-type zeolite can influence methane hydrate formation. At the temperature of 273.5 K and pressure of 8.3 MPa, the distilled water with A-type zeolite can form methane hydrate with gaseous methane in 12 hours. The formation process of the system with A-type zeolite was quite steady and the amount of A-type zeolite can influence the gas storage capacity significantly. The adding of A-type zeolite with 0.067 g•(g water)－1 into 2×10－3 g•g－1 SDS-water solution can increase the gas storage capacity, and the maxi-mum increase rate was 31%. Simultaneously the promotion effect on hydrate formation of 3A-type zeolite is much more obvious than that of 5A-type zeolite when the water adding amounts are 0.033 g•g－1 and 0.067 g•g－1 at the experimental conditions.     

HY分子筛催化剂作用时机对毛竹热解的影响(英文)

A laboratory reactor was designed to test the effect of the interference instant of HY on the pyrolysis of pubescens. The time instant for intermediate species from pyrolysis to contact HY was controlled by varying the position of the catalyst bed relative to the pyrolytic cell. It was found that the effect of the interference instant was significant on the variation of different intermediate species, and the yield and quality of the products. The results also showed that, with the increase in the distance between the pyrolytic cell and the catalyst bed, the yield of liquid and relative content of the organics such as aldehyde, phenols, etc., decreased, while the yield of residue and relative content of acetic acid increased. The deoxygenation of the intermediate species was favored when the catalyst exerted its performance on them immediately after their formation.     

天然石英砂中CO_2水合物的分解动力学

The decomposition kinetics for formation of CO2 hydrates in 90 cm3 wet natural silica sands were studied systematically using the depressurization method at the temperatures ranging from 273.2 to 277.2 K and the pressures from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa. The effects of temperature, pressure, particle diameter, porosity, and salinity of formation water on the decomposition kinetics were investigated. The results show that the dissociation percentage increases as temperature increases or as the initial decomposition pressure decreases. An increase in porosity or a decrease in particle diameter of silica sands accelerates the decomposition. Increasing the salinity of the formation water gives rise to a faster decomposition. However, a combination of the present results with the observa-tions in literature reveals that the effect of the coexisting ionic solute depends on its chemical structure.     

同轴双通道喷嘴雾化滴径沿轴向分布特性

Experiments were performed on the breakup of water droplets in a coaxial twin-fluid air-blast atomizer by a high-speed gas stream.With the measurements of Sauter mean diameter（SMD）distributions at a downstream distance of the atomizer,the droplet size was found first to decrease,reaching a minimum,and then to increase monotonically with the downstream distance.Correlation of L_c where the minimum droplet size appeared as a function of aerodynamic Weber number and liquid Reynolds number was analyzed.The growth rate of droplet size passes by L_c downstream increased with increasing water velocity,and the relationship between SMD and x/D_g accurately reflected the increasing trend of droplet size.     

0℃以下含SDS的甲烷水合物生成方式及过程对其分解速率的影响

The dissociation rates of methane hydrates formed with and without the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate(methane-SDS hydrates),were measured under atmospheric pressure and temperatures below ice point to investigate the influence of the hydrate production conditions and manners upon its dissociation kinetic behavior.The experimental results demonstrated that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate below ice point is strongly dependent on the manners of hydrate formation and processing.The dissociation rate of hydrate formed quiescently was lower than that of hydrate formed with stirring;the dissociation rate of hydrate formed at lower pressure was higher than that of hydrate formed at higher pressure;the compaction of hydrate after its formation lowered its stability,i.e.,increased its dissociation rate.The stability of hydrate could be increased by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at formation temperature and pressure before it was cooled down,or by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at dissociation temperature and formation pressure before it was depressurized to atmospheric pressure.It was found that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate varied with the temperature(ranging from 245.2 to 272.2 K) anomalously as reported on the dissociation of methane hydrate without the presence of surfactant as kinetic promoter.The dissociation rate at 268 K was found to be the lowest when the manners and conditions at which hydrates were formed and processed were fixed.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolitic material from circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash for the highly efficient removal of lead from aqueous solution

The utilization of coal fly ash derived from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBFA) still faces great challenges because of its unique characteristics. In this study, a zeolitic material with Na-P1 zeolite as the main phase was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using CFBFA as the raw material.The effects of hydrothermal temperature, time, and added CTAB amount on the characterizations of synthesized materials were investigated by XRD, SEM, and XPS. The properties of the ...     

TP316L在模拟生物质锅炉过热器气相和积灰条件下的腐蚀特性

Corrosion behavior of TP316L was investigated with simulated atmosphere and ash deposition for the superheater in biomass boiler. Corrosion dynamic curves were plotted by mass gain. The results showed that the corrosion was dependent on temperature and was greatly accelerated by ash deposition. The mass gain was distinctly reduced in the presence of SO2 with and without ash deposition on the specimens. Corrosion rates with ash deposit at different temperatures were calculated. Two feasible methods were provided to avoid serious high-temperature corrosion in the biomass boiler.     

模拟城市垃圾焚烧中硫化合物对重金属Cd迁移分布的影响

The effect of sulfur compounds （including sulfur, sulfide, sulfite and sulfate）, initial concentration of heavy metal and operating conditions on Cd emission in municipal solid waste （MSW） incineration were investi-gated using a simulated tubular furnace and simulated MSW spiked with Cd. The concentration of Cd was meas-ured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） after digesting the samples including bottom ash, fly ash and flue gas according to related USEPA methods. The results show that S and Na2S tend to in- crease Cd partitioning in bottom ash, whereas Na2SO3 and Na2SO4 tend to reduce Cd partitioning in bottom ash. The effect of sulfur compounds on Cd partitioning in bottom ash was in the sequence of Na2S〉S〉Na2SO3〉 Na2SO4. chemical equilibrium analysis is also performed to determine the effect of sorbents on Cd adsorption. The calculations show that S presents strong affinity for Cd and restrains Cd adsorption by SiO2, whereas when temperature rises to between 830℃ and 1030℃, Cd adsorption efficiency of SiO2 is over 80% and the efficiency of Al2O3 is up to 85%.     

Recovery of Copper from Leaching Solution of Copper Smelting Ash

An efficient and reliable approach based on solvent extraction to selectively recover copper from leaching solution of Jinchuan copper smelting ash has been developed in this work. And the extraction isotherm of 50%(j) N902 with initial aqueous acidity of 19.6 g/L was determined at 25℃. The results show that the extractant, N902, has good selectivity to copper, and its saturated capacity of copper under the given conditions is over 23 g/L. The recovery rate of copper in the extraction is over 99%. And copper extraction equilibrium is reached in 90 s using 50% N902 with kerosene as the diluenting agent at an organic and aqueous volume phase ratio (O/A) of 1. Furthermore, over 99.5% of the loaded copper in the organic phase could be stripped by applying 196 g/L H2SO4 as the stripping agent.     

五氯酚在飞灰表面低温反应生成二口恶英特性

在管式炉上研究了不同试验条件飞灰/五氯酚生成二口恶英的分布特性.采用色质联机(HRGC/LRMS)测定了PCP中以及生成产物中的二口恶英含量.结果表明，生成产物中的二口恶英主要以气态形式存在，总的二口恶英中以PCDDs为主，比例高于97％，PCDDs中主要同系物是六至八氯代PCDDs.分析了飞灰含量以及氧含量对二口恶英生成的影响，二口恶英生成量随着飞灰中含碳量的增加而增大，氧含量是控制二口恶英生成的关键因素，氧含量在6.7％时生成的二口恶英总量及毒性当量值最小.对试验中产生的二口恶英进行了质量平衡，为进一步研究垃圾焚烧过程中二口恶英排放以及分布特性打下基础.     

Degradation of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process

In this work, microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs (Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Three process additives (NaOH, Na₂HPO₄, H₂O), temperatures (150℃, 185℃, 220℃) and reaction times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h) were investigated to identify their effect on the disposal of fly ash samples through orthogonal experiments. High-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS) was applied to determine the PCDD/F concentrations in MSWI fly ash. The experimental results revealed that 83.7% of total PCDD/Fs was degraded. Reaction temperature was the most important factor for the degradation of the total PCDD/Fs. Both direct destruction and chlorination reactions (the chlorination degree of PCDFs increased) took part in the degradation of PCDD/Fs in fly ash, which was a new discovery. Several PCDD/F indexes determined by the concentration of indicative congeners were found to quantitatively characterize the dioxin toxicity of the fly ash. Furthermore, heavy metals in the fly ash sample were solidified using microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment, which provided an experimental basis for the simultaneous disposal of dioxins and heavy metals. Thus, the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process should be considered for the future disposal of MSWI fly ash.     

SO2抑制二英从头合成的实验及其过程模拟

实验研究了不同温度下SO₂对二 英（PCDD/Fs）从头合成的抑制特点,运用HSC Chemistry 6.1软件对主要无机化学反应过程进行模拟,探究了SO₂的抑制机理。结果表明,SO₂对PCDD/Fs总浓度和I-TEQ浓度的抑制效果随温度的升高而增强。PCDD/Fs总浓度和I-TEQ浓度抑制率从200℃不足20%分别提高到300℃时的75.6%和77.3%及400℃时的89.2%和80.5%;SO₂的添加促进了PCDD/Fs尤其是PCDDs同系物分布的低氯代化。在从头合成的高温段和低温段,SO₂分别侧重抑制PCDFs和PCDDs。相平衡计算和Gibbs自由能计算表明,SO₂优先与催化剂CuCl₂反应生成无催化活性的CuSO₄,其次与氯源Cl₂反应,最终实现PCDD/Fs的生成抑制。模拟结果对现有硫基抑制机理进行了验证和补充,对高效、廉价抑制剂的开发及工程使用具有重要意义。     

低水胶比下超细粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响

从强度、结合水、粉煤灰反应程度、SEM分析及孔隙溶液碱度等方面,研究了低水胶比下超细Ⅱ级粉煤灰对不同细度硅酸盐水泥水化历程的影响。研究结果表明,水泥细度从4500cm2/g提高到5500cm2/g,对纯水泥水化过程影响不大。但当该高细度水泥与超细II级粉煤灰复合时,则对水泥及粉煤灰的水化程度、水化产物特性、孔隙溶液碱度以及力学性能均影响较大;随粉煤灰掺量的增加,其影响程度呈由小变大再变小的趋势,粉煤灰掺量存在阈值,本试验中,阈值为30%。     

掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰高性能混凝土抗冻性试验研究

以Ⅱ级粉煤灰作为超细掺合料掺入到混凝土中,研究在不同水胶比、不同掺量情况下混凝土的抗冻性能。通过试验研究发现：在水胶比0.35以上时,当混凝土中不掺加引气剂,掺粉煤灰的混凝土均不能抵抗200次的冻融循环作用;当水胶比低于0.30及其以下时,粉煤灰掺量在30%以下,混凝土具有良好的抗冻性能,可抵抗200次的冻融循环作用。当混凝土中掺加引气剂,水胶比在0.40及其以下,粉煤灰掺量在50%以下时,混凝土具有良好的抗冻性能,可抵抗200次的冻融循环作用。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰胶凝活性和水泥对其固化效果的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰是生活垃圾焚烧后烟气除尘器收下的物质,其主要成分属CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_2O体系,与目前常用的高炉矿渣、粉煤灰等辅助性胶凝材料非常接近,因其中含有能被水浸出的重金属物质而被认为是危险废物,必须对之进行稳定及固化处理。通过试验研究了掺入垃圾焚烧飞灰的硬化水泥浆体的力学性能和水化机理,考察了水泥固化垃圾焚烧飞灰的效果,探讨了垃圾焚烧飞灰作为辅助性胶凝材料利用的可行性。研究表明:垃圾焚烧飞灰的水化反应活性较低,它的掺入在一定程度上延缓了水泥的水化过程,虽然其水化过程可以形成适量的钙矾石,对强度发展有利,但掺量较大时会显著降低水泥强度;采用水泥稳定及固化垃圾焚烧飞灰的效果良好,垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属可以通过包容、替代或吸收等形式固化进水化产物结构中。     

A pilot plant study for catalytic decomposition of PCDDs/PCDFs over supported chromium oxide catalysts

Chromium oxide catalysts supported on TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ were examined in a fixed-bed flow reactor system for the removal of PCE (perchloroethylene), a simulant of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), and in a pilot plant employing actual flue gas from a sintering plant for the removal of PCDDs/PCDFs (poly-chlorinated dibenzo-dioxin/poly-chlorinated dibenzo-furan). The 12.5 wt.% chromium oxides supported on TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ revealed excellent stability and performance of PCE removal in the feed gas stream containing water vapor. In a pilot plant study, the catalysts washcoated on the honeycomb reactor revealed 93–95% of PCDDs/PCDFs removal activity over CrO_x/Al₂O₃-HC20 (CrO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst washcoated on 20 cell-honeycomb), and more than 99% of the decomposition activity over CrO_x/TiO₂-HC20 (CrO_x/TiO₂ catalyst washcoated on 20 cell-honeycomb) at 325 °C and 5000 h⁻¹ of reactor space velocity without the de novo synthesis of PCDDs/PCDFs. In particular, CrO_x/TiO₂-HC20 showed 94% of PCDDs/PCDFs decomposition activity even at 280 °C reaction temperature. The catalyst also exhibited significant NO removal activity. The chromium oxide seems to be a promising catalyst for the removal of PCDDs/PCDFs and NO_x contained in the flue gas.     

复合改性低品质粉煤灰在混凝土中的应用研究

针对低品质粉煤灰存在的水化活性低、流动性差等问题,在粉磨改性的基础上采用粉磨+流化床气相沉积的处理方法,对低品质粉煤灰进行复合改性,在减水剂用量相同时,复合改性粉煤灰表现出明显的减水效果,采用复合改性的低品质粉煤灰制备的混凝土,工作性得到明显改善,28d龄期强度提高一个强度等级,每立方混凝土可节约成本5~6元,对充分利用劣质粉煤灰具有实际指导作用。     

石灰石粉和粉煤灰对复合胶凝材料性能的影响

研究了石灰石粉和粉煤灰对复合胶凝材料性能的影响。试验结果表明,石灰石粉具有比粉煤灰更好的减水效应;在石灰石粉-粉煤灰-水泥三元复合胶凝材料中,石灰石粉和粉煤灰掺量相同时,其复合胶凝材料的早期强度比粉煤灰高,而后期更低,但两者复合时,强度仍更高。     

循环流化床粉煤灰的组成形貌与性能研究

通过X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、需水量比和强度活性指数试验,研究了循环流化床粉煤灰的组成、形貌及性能。研究结果表明,循环流化床粉煤灰与煤粉燃烧锅炉粉煤灰相比,其玻璃相含量较低,颗粒形状多数不规则,表面粗糙,且烧失量一般也较高。循环流化床粉煤灰的需水量比较大,其强度活性指数也较低,部分循环流化床粉煤灰的强度活性指数还低于70.0%。使用粉煤灰需注意循环流化床粉煤灰与煤粉燃烧锅炉粉煤灰的差别。