中央区肝海绵状血管瘤的外科治疗：附32例报告

摘要：目的 总结特殊部位肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗经验。方法 对32例瘤体位于肝中央区的海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果 全组均采用包膜外剥离术，全部肝海绵状血管瘤均被成功切除，术中出血量50～10 000mL，12例患者术中进行了输血，输血量400～4 000mL。术后发生胆漏（1例）、膈下积液（1例）和右侧胸腔积液（3例）等并发症5例（15.6%）。术后死亡1例（3.1%）。随访26例，平均随访（3.09±0.93）年，血管瘤无复发。结论 熟悉肝脏的解剖以及熟练的手术技巧是手术成功和减少手术并发症的关键，包膜外剥离术是治疗肝海绵状血管瘤安全、有效的方法。     

肝海绵状血管瘤的治疗

文章报告了１９８５￣１９９５年收治的８５例肝海绵状血管瘤患者的治疗经验。其中除１２例因其它合并症未行手术治疗外，余７３例均行手术治疗，并根据肿瘤的不同情况，分别有用不同的手术方式治疗结果满意，其症状，体症均不同程度消失或改善，肿瘤直径缩小，随访０．５￣６年未见再增大。作者体会到，治疗时应根据肿瘤的具体情况，选择相应的手术方式和栓塞材料，文中还阐述了肝海绵状血管瘤治疗的新观念和新进展。     

巨大肝海绵状血管瘤的外科治疗

随着B超、CT检查的普及,肝海绵状血管瘤的检出率日渐增高。本院自1991年1月～1996年1月收治肝血管瘤18例,其中10例巨大肝海绵状血管瘤经手术治愈。术中出血量少,其中9例100～200ml,仅1例达到1600ml,术后均无严重并发症。肝血管瘤的检查首选B超、CT或ECT。本组B超检查符合率77.8％,CT90％。经以上系统检查仍不能确诊的可切除肿瘤,尽早手术具有鉴别诊断和治疗的双重临床意义。血管瘤剥除术式治疗第Ⅶ、Ⅷ段血管瘤为首选而又简便、安全的方法。预防术中大出血是手术的关键。     

肝海绵状血管瘤治疗进况

肝海绵状血管瘤治疗进况杨甲梅，吴孟超，陈汉，姚晓平，严以群（上海第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院上海２００４３３）肝海绵状血管瘤（下称肝血管瘤）是一种常见的肝脏良性肿瘤。我院１９６０年１月至１９９５年９月共收治８２１例，至今未发现有恶变者。故对瘤体直径≤...     

肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗20年的经验与反思

目的 总结肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析1986年至2005年解放军总医院连续施行肝海绵状血管瘤切除术的345例患者的临床资料,探讨其外科治疗策略.结果 肝海绵状血管瘤患者男女之比为1:1.8.术前未发现或未明确诊断而因其他原因于术中或术后发现的肝海绵状血管瘤共18例(5.2%).肝海绵状血管瘤发病部位以右半肝居多,占16.2%(56/345).肿瘤直径<5.0 cm者占26.5%(91/344)、5.0～10.0 cm者占50.3%(173/344),>10.0 cm者占23.2%(80/344),平均直径为(8.0±5.0)cm(1例无直径记录).术前Child评分为A级者占99.7%(323/324).全组均采用右肋缘下斜切口施行肿瘤剜除术.术后并发症发生率为11.3%(39/345),病死率为0.3%(1/345).肝尾状叶海绵状血管瘤共切除11例,其中施行孤立性尾状叶切除9例.结论 部分肝海绵状血管瘤可误诊为肝实质性肿瘤.肝海绵状血管瘤切除术(包括尾状叶切除术)已成为较安全的手术,术中最主要的风险是切除肿瘤过程中的大量出血.     

肝门部海绵状血管瘤18例的外科治疗体会

目的 总结肝门海绵状血管瘤的手术经验。方法 采用改良式全肝血流阻断下包膜外剥离法切除肝门部海绵状血管瘤１８例。其中行下腔静脉和肝右静脉损伤修复,行肝中静脉损伤修复各１例。结果 全组１８例术中平均每位患者输血６６２．５ｍｌ,均痊愈出院,其中下腔静脉及肝静脉损伤修复患者术后两周彩色Ｂ超显示下腔静脉和肝静脉血流通畅。结论 改良式全肝血流阻断下包膜外剥离法是切除肝门部海绵状血管瘤的安全方法。     

肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗20年的经验与反思

Objective To summarize the experience in surgical treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH). Methods The clinical data of 345 patients who received HCH resection in General Hospital of PLA from 1986 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The ratio between male and female patients was 1/1.8. Eighteen patients (5.2%) were incidentally found with HCH during or after operation. Most of the HCH were located in the right lobe, with the proportion of 16.2% (56/345). Ninety-one patients (26.5%) had small HCH (diameter<5.0 cm), 173 (50.3%) had large HCH (diameter ranging from 5.0-10.0 cm), and 80 (23.2%) had giant HCH (diameter>10.0 cm). The mean diameter of the HCH was (8.0±5.0) cm. Three hundred and twenty-three (99.7%) patients were with Child pugh A. Right subcostal incision and enucleation were performed on all patients. The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality were 11.3% (39/345) and 0.3% (1/345), respectively. Caudate lobe resection was performed on 9 of 11 patients with the tumor located in caudate lobe. Conclusions Some HCHs may be easy to be misdiagnosed as hepatic solid tumor. HCH resection (inclu-ding hepatic caudate lobectomy) is safe for patients with HCH, and the most severe operative complication is massive bleeding during hepatectomy.     

肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗20年的经验与反思

Objective To summarize the experience in surgical treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH). Methods The clinical data of 345 patients who received HCH resection in General Hospital of PLA from 1986 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The ratio between male and female patients was 1/1.8. Eighteen patients (5.2%) were incidentally found with HCH during or after operation. Most of the HCH were located in the right lobe, with the proportion of 16.2% (56/345). Ninety-one patients (26.5%) had small HCH (diameter<5.0 cm), 173 (50.3%) had large HCH (diameter ranging from 5.0-10.0 cm), and 80 (23.2%) had giant HCH (diameter>10.0 cm). The mean diameter of the HCH was (8.0±5.0) cm. Three hundred and twenty-three (99.7%) patients were with Child pugh A. Right subcostal incision and enucleation were performed on all patients. The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality were 11.3% (39/345) and 0.3% (1/345), respectively. Caudate lobe resection was performed on 9 of 11 patients with the tumor located in caudate lobe. Conclusions Some HCHs may be easy to be misdiagnosed as hepatic solid tumor. HCH resection (inclu-ding hepatic caudate lobectomy) is safe for patients with HCH, and the most severe operative complication is massive bleeding during hepatectomy.     

肝海绵状血管瘤外科治疗20年的经验与反思

Objective To summarize the experience in surgical treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH). Methods The clinical data of 345 patients who received HCH resection in General Hospital of PLA from 1986 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The ratio between male and female patients was 1/1.8. Eighteen patients (5.2%) were incidentally found with HCH during or after operation. Most of the HCH were located in the right lobe, with the proportion of 16.2% (56/345). Ninety-one patients (26.5%) had small HCH (diameter<5.0 cm), 173 (50.3%) had large HCH (diameter ranging from 5.0-10.0 cm), and 80 (23.2%) had giant HCH (diameter>10.0 cm). The mean diameter of the HCH was (8.0±5.0) cm. Three hundred and twenty-three (99.7%) patients were with Child pugh A. Right subcostal incision and enucleation were performed on all patients. The incidence of postoperative complications and mortality were 11.3% (39/345) and 0.3% (1/345), respectively. Caudate lobe resection was performed on 9 of 11 patients with the tumor located in caudate lobe. Conclusions Some HCHs may be easy to be misdiagnosed as hepatic solid tumor. HCH resection (inclu-ding hepatic caudate lobectomy) is safe for patients with HCH, and the most severe operative complication is massive bleeding during hepatectomy.     

肝海绵状血管瘤内皮细胞凋亡与增殖活性的研究

目的　探讨肝海绵状血管瘤 (CHL)的发生、发展与内皮细胞凋亡及增殖的关系。方法　以 2 2例肝海绵状血管瘤石蜡标本为研究对象 ,以草莓状血管瘤和正常肝脏汇管区小血管为对照 ,采用免疫组化ABC法检测增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )的表达 ,采用TdT介导的脱氧核苷酸原位末端标记法(TUNEL法 )检测细胞凋亡。结果　CHL组内皮细胞增殖指数 (13 .2 7± 5 .79)与正常肝脏汇管区小血管组 (10 .85± 4.79)差异无显著性 (t =1.15 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,而显著低于草莓状血管瘤组 (2 9.3 1± 8.5 5 ,t =6.2 4,P <0 .0 1)。CHL组内皮细胞凋亡指数 (3 .49± 1.3 6)与正常肝脏汇管区小血管组 (2 .65± 1.0 6)差异无显著性 (t =1.72 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,显著低于草莓状血管瘤组 (11.3 8± 2 .66,t=11.18,P <0 .0 1)。结论　CHL的发生、发展与内皮细胞的增殖及凋亡无关 ,此亦可能是CHL未见癌变的生物学基础。     

肝血管瘤的诊断治疗:附50例报告

目的　探讨肝血管瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　回顾分析近 5年收治的 5 0例肝血管瘤的临床资料。结果　全组诊断率为 96.0 %。术前B超、增强CT及MRI诊断符合率分别为 90 % ( 4 5 /5 0 )、97.6% ( 4 0 /4 1)和 10 0 % ( 5 /5 )。 7例最大瘤径小于 4cm且无症状的病例 ,明确诊断后出院定期复查 ;对最大瘤径大于 4cm ,有症状和瘤径虽小但诊断可疑的 43例患者 ,1例行腹腔镜肝血管瘤切除术 ,3例行肝动脉介入栓塞治疗 ,3 9例行手术治疗。手术并发症率为 10 .3 % ( 4 /3 9)。无手术死亡。结论　B超、增强CT、MRI是诊断肝血管瘤的重要方法。对最大瘤径大于 4cm ,有症状 ,或瘤径虽小但生长较快 ,或合并其他疾病的患者 ,手术治疗是安全、有效的方法。对瘤体较小的肝脏边缘性血管瘤可以有选择的进行腹腔镜血管瘤切除术     

巨大肝癌的外科治疗：附146例报告

目的　探讨巨大肝癌外科治疗的效果。方法　回顾性分析近 11年间收治的 14 6例原发性巨大肝癌的外科治疗情况。 14 6例均经手术治疗 ,其中行不规则肝切除 99例 ,半肝切除 2 8例 ,右三叶切除 4例 ,包括术前行TACE后获得二期切除 19例 ;6例同时行门静脉切开取栓术。另 15例仅行活检 DDS ,术中行DDS治疗者 10 5例。结果　手术并发症发生率 10 .3 % ,术后 1个月内病死率1.4% ,术后 1,3 ,5年和 10年的生存率分别为 5 6.6% ,3 0 .2 % ,14 .4%和 2 .1%。结论　巨大肝癌仍以手术切除为主 ,疗效满意。结合TACE、门静脉取栓和DDS能提高患者的远期生存率。     

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的诊治

目的　探讨原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的诊治方法。方法　回顾性分析 8年间收治的 2 1例原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的临床资料。结果　临床表现为肝癌及梗阻性黄疸症状 ;术前正确诊断率76.2 %,B超 ,CT ,MRI ,ERCP和PTC的正确诊断率分别为 14 .3 %,9.5 %,14 . 3 %,71.4%和10 0 %。行肝癌切除加胆管癌栓清除术 10例 ,肝癌切除加肝外胆管切除术 5例 ,单纯胆总管切开取栓加肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE ) 3例 ,胆管癌栓清除加肝动脉灌注 (HIA ) 3例。术后 3年生存率 44 .4%,5年生存率 2 8.6%。结论　原发性肝癌伴胆道癌栓的诊断应选择多种检查手段 ,综合分析 ;以外科为主的综合治疗是积极有效的治疗方法。     

外生型肝癌的临床特点及外科治疗

目的　探讨外生型肝癌的临床特点和诊断治疗。方法　回顾性分析 11例外生型肝癌的临床资料。结果　肿瘤体积巨大 ,平均直径为 (12 .4± 4.3 )cm。均有完整包膜。肿瘤位于左叶 6例 ,右叶 3例 ,尾状叶 2例。行肝段切除 6例 ,肝叶切除 4例 ,未切除 1例。 1,2 ,3年生存率分别为80 .1% ,62 .3 % ,47.6%。结论　外生型肝癌虽瘤体巨大 ,但切除率高 ,预后较好。根治手术应包括相应肝段或肝叶的切除。     

肝切除术治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤

目的：总结肝切除术治疗肝脏恶性病变的疗效。方法： 回顾性分析我院近5年来治疗肝脏恶性病变108例的手术方式及手术疗效。结果：手术切除各种肝恶性肿瘤108例。术后出现并发症28例，围手术期死亡4例。肝恶性肿瘤术后1，3年生存率分别为87.5%，43.8%。 结论：肝切除术是治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的有效方法。     

CT引导下经皮氩氦刀靶向治疗肝癌

目的　探讨经皮穿刺氩氦刀治疗肝癌的方法、效果及安全性。方法　对 5 2例原发性肝癌患者行CT引导下经皮氩氦刀冷冻治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 5 2例治疗后无手术死亡 ,无肝破裂、出血、胆瘘、皮肤冻伤及穿刺道种植转移或感染等并发症 ;术后有 5例出现气胸及反应性胸腔积液 ;术后低热 43例。 1,2a的生存率分别为 63 .5 % ( 3 3 / 5 2 )和 3 6.5 % ( 19/ 5 2 )。治疗后AFP水平明显降低。结论　CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀治疗肝癌是一种合理、安全、有效、微创的新治疗方法     

冷冻后切除第Ⅷ段肝癌

目的：评价冷冻后切除第Ⅷ段肝癌的应用价值。方法：对8例第Ⅷ段肝癌先冷冻成冰球后,再作手术切除。结果：冷冻后能顺利切除第Ⅷ段肝癌,术中出血平均430ml,手术时间平均138min,术后无严重并发症及手术死亡。结论：冷冻后切除第Ⅷ段肝癌是安全可行的,且出血少,省时,损伤组织少和可降低复发。     

以手术切除为主的综合疗法治疗原发性肝癌:附108例报告

目的 探讨和总结以手术切除为主的综合疗法治疗原发性肝癌的方法和疗效。方法 回顾分析1999年1月～2002年9月实施的以手术切除为主的综合疗法治疗108例原发性肝癌的临床资料。综合疗法包括手术切除肝癌，配合射频、经肝动脉化疗栓塞、经皮酒精注射、皮下药物输注系统化疗栓塞、冷冻、生物治疗等方法。结果 手术死亡率0．9％，术后并发症发生率18．7％，1年内肝内复发转移率56．1％，远处转移者为17．9％，1，2，3年生存率分别为79．46％，61．83％，36．61％。结论 以手术切除为主的综合疗法治疗原发性肝癌疗效满意，其治疗后肝内复发及远处转移率低，能提高原发性肝癌的无瘤生存率和长期存活率。