扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的比较临床闭合复位下扩髓与非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗闭合或轻度开放胫骨骨折的疗效. 方法 1998年3月～1999年12月对126例共129侧胫骨骨折采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉治疗.术前分为非扩髓组58侧;扩髓组71侧.骨折为闭合骨折或Ⅰ、Ⅱ度开放骨折.定期随访1年以上. 结果非扩髓组与扩髓组髓内钉平均直径分别为8.8 mm、9.4 mm(P<0.001);术后发生筋膜间隔综合征分别为2例、1例,其中非扩髓组有1例切开减压;无全身感染,局部感染分别为3例、2例;非扩髓组1例髓内钉断裂、4例锁钉断裂,扩髓组无断钉;平均骨折愈合时间分别为116 d、102 d(P<0.001);延迟愈合分别为2例、1例;非扩髓组有1例骨折不愈合. 结论与非扩髓组比较,扩髓交锁髓内钉具有骨折固定强度大、并发症少、骨折愈合快、延迟愈合或不愈合少等优点.     

闭合复位髓内钉与髓外钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效对比

目的 对比分析闭合复位髓内钉内固定与闭合复位髓外钉内固定在老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年10月至2020年10月洛阳市偃师人民医院收治的1 16例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法将其分为髓内固定组(58例)和髓外固定组(58例),髓内固定组患者采用闭合复位髓内钉内固定治疗,髓外固定组患者采用闭合复位髓外钉内固定治疗,对比观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、创伤性应激反应情况、髋关节功能以及并发症发生情况。结果 髓内固定组患者手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均明显短于髓外固定组(t=21.786、3.842、13.120,P均<0.001),术中出血量明显少于髓外固定组(t=13.668,P<0.001);术后3d,髓内固定组患者血清皮质醇(Cor)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平均明显低于髓外固定组(t=5.211、9.756、7.980,P均<0.001);术后6个月,髓内固定组患者Harris评分明显高于髓外固定组(t=7.965,P<0.001);髓内固定组患者术后并发症发...     

46例钝性与穿透性膈肌损伤的临床比较研究

目的　分析比较钝性与穿透性膈肌损伤的临床特点和伤情,以指导创伤的救治。　方法　46例胸外伤合并膈肌破裂病人分为穿透伤组和钝性伤组,比较两组的损伤情况,并应用创伤评分系统进行创伤严重度评估。　结果　钝性胸外伤造成膈肌破裂的发生率低,复杂,常合并全身多发伤,但伤情进展相对较慢;穿透性胸外伤造成膈肌破裂的发生率高,伤情进展迅速,早期易出现失血性休克。比较损伤严重度评分(ISS)、修正创伤评分(RTS)和胸部简明损伤定级(AIS),两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但钝性伤组入院时格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)和腹部AIS较低,分别为12.69±2.69,1.62±1.66（P<0.05）。　结论　针对钝性与穿透性膈肌损伤的不同临床特点,应采取相应的治疗措施,减少并发症,改善预后。     

胸部创伤伴股骨骨折髓内钉与钢板治疗的系统评价

目的对髓内钉与钢板治疗股骨骨折合并胸部损伤患者的肺部并发症、重症监护时间及死亡风险进行系统评价。方法计算机检索EMBASE、PUBMED、OVID、Cochrane协作网肌骨创伤组实验数据库、CNKI、万方数据库等,并辅以手工检索,收集所有关于髓内钉与钢板治疗股骨骨折合并胸部损伤患者的临床随机对照试验(RCT),根据Jadad量表评价纳入研究的方法学质量,并采用RevMan 5.0对结果进行Meta分析。结果共纳入2组研究,包括263例股骨骨折合并胸部损伤患者。Meta分析结果显示,髓内钉与钢板内固定相比,肺部并发症发生率[RR=0.339,5%CI=(0.025,.82),P=0.45]、死亡风险[RR=1.36,95%CI=(0.19,9.76),P=0.76]以及重症监护时间[MD=-2.00,95%CI=(-10.77,6.76),P=0.65]差异并无统计学意义。结论对于股骨骨折合并胸部创伤的多发伤患者,骨折内固定方法的选择不会影响其肺部并发症发生率、死亡风险及重症监护时间,但由于纳入的随机对照临床试验较少,结果可能存在一定的偏倚,尚需临床观察进一步证实。     

交锁髓内钉与膨胀髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的对比研究

目的比较交锁髓内钉与膨胀髓内钉在治疗股骨干中段骨折（AO分型32A、32B1）上各自的优缺点,评估两者临床疗效以指导临床治疗,帮助临床骨科医生选择最适合患者的个体化治疗方案。方法从2006年6月~2011年3月,20例股骨干骨折患者在我院接受了膨胀髓内钉方案手术治疗（A组）。选择另外20例患有股骨干骨折且接受了交锁髓内钉方案手术治疗的患者（B组）。按照骨折的AO分型,患者均属于32A和32B1。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、出血量、X光暴露剂量、术后负重时间以及有无并发症等,并记录数据。结果所有患者均随访12~24个月,两组患者均达到了骨愈合。A组在出血量、住院时间、手术时间和X光暴露剂量方面优于B组,但是在术后负重时间上,两组患者无明显区别。结论同交锁髓内钉相比,膨胀髓内钉可以缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少术中出血量和X光暴露剂量。     

开放性胫骨骨折的3种固定方法比较

目的 通过比较3种固定法治疗开放性胫骨骨折的疗效,从而寻找更有效的治疗开放性胫骨骨折的方法。方法 将收治的228例分为3组：分别用扩髓交锁髓内钉（A组）、非扩髓带锁髓内钉（B组）、分阶段多功能外固定架和石膏外固定（C组）进行治疗,比较疗效。结果 本组随访4～58个月,术后深部感染方面无明显差别;术后患肢延迟愈合及骨不连发生率A、B组较C组明显少;C组的关节活动优良率略低于A、B组。结论 两种髓内钉固定法治疗开放性胫骨骨折效果均佳,分阶段多功能外固定架和石膏外固定次之。     

胸部穿透性损伤解剖评分重伤值的探讨

目的　探讨穿透性胸部损伤（PTT）创伤评分指标预测生死结局的效果,界定损伤严重度评分（ISS）、穿透伤指数（PTI）的重伤值,对PTI和ISS进行比较。　方法　295例PTT分为生存组286例和死亡组9例,以胸AIS、ISS和PTI作为评分指标进行创伤评分,比较两组创伤评分和院前时间的差别。对全组ISS、PTI与死亡率的关系分组段分析,将PTI和ISS进行比较。　结果　生存组与死亡组创伤评分和院前时间比较,差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）,ISS值在20～25组段死亡率为14.81%,PTI值在16～19组段死亡率为7.14%,两者分别与10%比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;PTI与ISS有线性正相关关系（r=0.74,P<0.001）,PTI的区别度明显大于ISS,PTI的死亡误判率低于ISS。　结论　建议增加院前时间作为创伤评分指标,ISS和PTI重伤值界定分别为≥20和≥16,评价PTT以PTI优于ISS。     

加长PFNA与重建钉治疗股骨干合并同侧转子间骨折疗效对比

目的比较分析加长型股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干合并同侧转子间骨折的临床效果。方法收集2009年1月~2015年1月采用加长PFNA或股骨重建髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧转子间骨折患者100例,依据采用的髓内钉不同分为重建组(50例)和加长PFNA组(50例),两组患者的一般资料具有可比性,记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血、术中透视次数、切口长度、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症率、Harris评分及髋关节功能恢复情况。结果加长型PFNA组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、切口长度均高于重建钉组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),加长型PFNA组患者骨折愈合时间及术后6、12个月髋关节功能均优于重建钉组(P0.05),两组患者并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相比股骨重建髓内钉,加长型PFNA治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧转子间骨折术中创伤较大、出血量及透视次数较多,但固定牢靠,术后骨折愈合时间短,患者功能恢复好。     

股骨干骨折三种治疗方法的临床探讨

目的：比较钢板内固定术，外固定支架治疗及交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的优越性。方法：将119例股骨干骨折病例随机分为三组，A组53例行切开复住钢板内固定术：B组35例行外固定支架治疗；C组31例行交锁髓内钉治疗。治疗后对其疗效及并发症进行观察，比较和分析。结果：A组骨折愈合优良率81％，其并发症：浅表感染3例，深部感染1例，固定失败2例，迟延愈合5例。B组骨折愈合优良率73％，其并发症；浅表感染6例，固定失败2例，迟延愈合1例。C组骨折愈合优良率92％，其并发症：浅表感染1例，深部感染1例。结论：交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨干骨折较理想的方法。     

股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉固定所致并发症的原因分析及处理

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折术后并发症的原因,并提出防治措施。方法 对我院1994－1999年116例交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折病人进行回顾分析,其中对14例延迟愈合者采取拔除锁钉,变静力固定为动力固定;对6例骨不连者,全部取钉、换钉并植骨;对4例骨感染者进行病灶清除加拔钉,适度的外固定。结果 骨延迟愈合14例,随访1年全部愈合;骨不连6例,其中二次手术4例,三次手术2例,随访1年半均愈合;骨感染4例,3例愈合,1例未愈。总有效率95．8％。结论 交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折,虽比其他内固定具有较明显的优势,但产生骨延迟愈合、骨不连、骨感染、断钉等并发症并不少见。严格掌握手术指征、适当选材、适时掌握静力固定与动力固定、第二次手术扩髓与不扩髓、彻底清创与严格的无菌操作是减少并发症的有效措施。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

改进的定位技术在胸部肿瘤穿刺活检中的应用

目的：探索CT-SIM三维定位系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引定位技术在胸部肿瘤经皮穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法：对380例胸部肿瘤患者行改进的CT定位技术下的经皮穿刺活检术。根据肿瘤的大小、深度、毗邻关系、活动度以及患者的心肺功能状态,综合运用CT-SIM系统、体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,为患者进行穿刺前定位。统计穿刺定位时间长度、成功率、确诊率、并发症发生情况,并与210例采用传统铅栅定位下胸部肿瘤穿刺活检的相应资料进行比较。结果：采用改进的CT定位技术的380例患者穿刺定位精确,平均定位时间（9.5 min）较传统方法（16.8 min）缩短7.3 min,活检成功率和确诊率分别是98.7%和95.3%,高于传统定位方法的93.3%和83.3%,两者差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。穿刺并发症发生率相似,气胸发生率分别为2.8%和2.9%,咯血发生率分别为11%和12.8%。结论：根据患者状态及肿瘤特点,在CT-SIM系统快速精确定位技术的基础上,综合运用体模固定技术和PET-CT融合影像导引技术,能显著缩短经皮穿刺活检的定位时间,提高活检成功率。