聋哑学校语文辅助教学系统研究

为了达到辅助老师教聋哑学生语文的目的,开发一套文本翻译成手语的教学系统。采用改进的结巴分词对课文内容进行分词,课文句子转化成词语序列,使用系统编辑功能对词语序列进行编辑,使其满足文法手语要求;同时建立虚拟人,采用关键帧技术制作手语动画,使用Unity3D游戏引擎完成手语动画合成和动画之间的过渡,实现课文内容自动翻译成手语的辅助教学系统。该研究对聋哑学生语文教学有特殊的意义,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于虚拟人合成技术的中国手语合成方法

介绍了一种中国手语合成方法,实现了文本到中国手语的自动翻译,并使用虚拟人合成技术,实现了中国手语的合成与显示,以此帮助聋人与听力正常人之间实现自然交流.在该方法中,首先应用两只数据手套和3个6自由度位置跟踪器,基于运动跟踪的原理,记录真实人体演示每个手语词的运动数据,建立一个初始的手语词运动数据库.然后,应用一种基于控制点的人体运动编辑方法,对每个手语词的运动数据进行编辑与微调,最后得到一个高质量的手语词运动数据库.当给定一个文本句子时,应用人体运动合成方法,对每个手语词的手语运动片段进行拼接合成,最终生成一个完整的手语运动,并基于VRML的人体运动显示方法将合成的运动逼真地显示出来.基于该方法,在PC/Windows/VC6.0环境下实现了一个中国聋人手语合成系统.该系统采集了<中国手语>(含续集)中收录的5 596个手语词,可以合成一般生活与教学用语.经聋校的老师和学生确认,合成手语准确逼真,可以广泛应用于教学、电视、Internet 等多种大众媒体,帮助聋人参与其他听力正常人的活动,具有广泛的应用前景和重要的社会意义.     

多层DGMM识别器在中国手语识别中的应用

手语是聋人使用的语言,是由手形动作辅之以表情姿势由符号构成的比较稳定的表达系统 ,是一种靠动作/视觉交际的语言.手语识别的研究目标是让机器“看懂”聋人的语言.手 语识别和手语合成相结合,构成一个“人-机手语翻译系统”,便于聋人与周围环境的交 流.手语识别问题是动态手势信号即手语信号的识别问题.考虑到系统的实时性及识别效率, 该系统选取Cyberglove型号数据手套作为手语输入设备,采用DGMM(dynamic Gaussian mixt ure model)作为系统的识别技术,并根据中国手语的具体特点,在识别模块中选取了多层识 别器,可识别中国手语字典中的274个词条,识别率为97.4%.与基于单个DGMM的识别系统比 较,这种模型的识别精度与单个DGMM模型的识别精度基本相同,但其识别速度比单个DGMM的 识别速度有明显的提高.     

Joint optimization of word alignment and epenthesis generation for Chinese to Taiwanese sign synthesis

This work proposes a novel approach to translate Chinese to Taiwanese sign language and to synthesize sign videos. An aligned bilingual corpus of Chinese and Taiwanese sign language (TSL) with linguistic and signing information is also presented for sign language translation. A two-pass alignment in syntax level and phrase level is developed to obtain the optimal alignment between Chinese sentences and Taiwanese sign sequences. For sign video synthesis, a scoring function is presented to develop motion transition-balanced sign videos with rich combinations of intersign transitions. Finally, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is employed for sign video synthesis based on joint optimization of two-pass word alignment and intersign epenthesis generation. Several experiments are conducted in an educational environment to evaluate the performance on the comprehension of sign expression. The proposed approach outperforms the IBM Model2 in sign language translation. Moreover, deaf students perceived sign videos generated by the proposed method to be satisfactory     

维吾尔语KP_V句型的文法手语编辑系统的设计

自然语言书面表达通过文字符号载体来实现,聋哑学生经过专门的训练才能掌握理解和运用书面语言的能力。为实现基于虚拟人的手语合成技术的维吾尔文书面语用手语符号表达,对维吾尔语KP_V句型分析,提出了该句型的文本内容用手势语和手指语表示的转换方法,给出了维吾尔文法手语编辑系统的流程。系统通过虚拟人建模、手语库构建、姿态编辑,运用插值算法合成显示播放,实现了维吾尔文法手语编辑。该研究对基于拼音文字的维吾尔文本转换为混合手势语和手指的手语合成系统设计与实现具有参考意义。     

基于汉语文本驱动的人脸语音同步动画系统

为解决动画流与语音流的同步问题,设计并实现一种人脸语音同步动画系统。将所有中文音素分为16组中文可视音素,并用输入的人脸图像合成对应的关键帧,分析输入文本得到中文可视音素序列和动画的关键帧序列,将该关键帧序列与语音流对齐,在关键帧之间插入过渡帧的同时,播放语音流和动画流,以实现人脸语音同步动画。实验结果表明,该系统能产生符合人们视觉和听觉感受的人脸语音同步动画。     

基于VRML的中国手语三维显示

手语合成的目的是由计算机自动生成文本句子对应的手语，是智能人机接口研究的一个极具挑战性的课题。手语显示是手语合成过程中非常关键的一步，其任务是在文本句子转换为手语码后，将手语码逼真地显示成虚拟人手语运动。介绍了研究中国手语合成时提出的一种基于VRML的三维虚拟人姿态显示方法和连续中国聋人手语显示方法。该方法不仅可以显示逼真的虚拟人合成手语，而且具有很好的通用性，为网络环境中实现不同人体模型的手语表达与传输打下了基础。     

SignMT: An alternative language learning tool

Learning a second language is very difficult, especially, for the disabled; the disability may be a barrier to learn and to utilize information written in text form. We present the SignMT, Thai sign to Thai machine translation system, which is able to translate from Thai sign language into Thai text. In the translation process, SignMT takes into account the differences between Thai and Thai sign language in terms of both syntax and semantic to ensure the accuracy of translation. SignMT was designed to be not only an automatic interpreter but also a language learning tool. It provides meaning of each word in both text and image forms which is easy to understand by the deaf. The grammar information and the order of the sentence are presented in order to help the deaf in learning Thai, their second language. With SignMT, deaf students are less dependent on a teacher, have more freedom to experiment with their own language, and improve their knowledge and learning skill.     

面向机器翻译的中国手语的理解与合成

自然语言与可视化语言之间的自动翻译研究具有重大的现实意义和学术研究价值,它是一个崭新的、有发展前任的研究领域。该文从机器翻译的角度来考察汉语和中国手语之间的相同之处和差异,探讨两种语言在语序、句子结构、短语结构、特殊词类等方面的特点,建立了汉语中国手语机器翻译的一系列规则。在此基础之上,采用规则解释方法实现了一个汉语至可视化语言中国手语的翻译系统。     

Chinese Sign Language animation generation considering context

Sign language (SL) is a kind of natural language for the deaf. Chinese Sign Language (CSL) synthesis aims to translate text into virtual human animation, which makes information and service accessible to the deaf. Generally, sign language animation based on key frames is realized by concatenating sign words captured independently. That means a sign language word has the same pattern in diverse context, which is different from realistic sign language expression. This paper studies the effect of context on manual gesture and non-manual gesture, and presents a method for generating stylized manual gesture and non-manual gesture according to the context. Experimental results show that synthesized sign language animation considering context based on the proposed method is more accurate and intelligible than that irrespective of context.     

大规模连续中国手语数据集的创建与分析

绝大多数健听人不懂手语导致听障人在找工作、就医、法律咨询等各生活、工作领域中遇到了极大的沟通障碍，而手语翻译员需要提前预约，成本也非常高，所以很多科研工作者都开始利用机器学习来开发手语自动翻译器，但其中的大部分研究都因为受到了数据集规模和质量的影响而效果不佳。为解决上述矛盾和问题，创建了目前全球最大的中国连续手语数据集，并使用了考虑身体关节的位置、面部表情及手指关节的端到端的深度学习模型进行有效训练。结论突显了现代深度学习技术在识别复杂手语方面的巨大优势，针对较小子集的BLEU-4已达到30.8。     

融合自适应图卷积与Transformer序列模型的中文手语翻译方法

针对手语翻译方法所存在的动作特征提取以及时序翻译方面存在的问题,提出一种融合自适应图卷积AGCN 与Transformer时序模型的AGCN-T手语翻译网络。自适应图卷积网络用于学习手语动作中骨骼节点的交互空间依赖信息;Transformer时序模块捕捉手语动作序列的时间关系特征信息并将其翻译成可理解的手语内容。此外,在预处理部分,提出了一种移动窗口的关键帧提取算法,并用MediaPipe姿态估计算法对关键帧图像序列进行骨架提取。实验表明,该方法在大型中文连续手语数据集CCSL的词错率达到了3.75%,精度为97.87%,优于其他先进的手语翻译方法。     

LSESpeak: A spoken language generator for Deaf people

This paper describes the development of LSESpeak, a spoken Spanish generator for Deaf people. This system integrates two main tools: a sign language into speech translation system and an SMS (Short Message Service) into speech translation system. The first tool is made up of three modules: an advanced visual interface (where a deaf person can specify a sequence of signs), a language translator (for generating the sequence of words in Spanish), and finally, an emotional text to speech (TTS) converter to generate spoken Spanish. The visual interface allows a sign sequence to be defined using several utilities. The emotional TTS converter is based on Hidden Semi-Markov Models (HSMMs) permitting voice gender, type of emotion, and emotional strength to be controlled. The second tool is made up of an SMS message editor, a language translator and the same emotional text to speech converter. Both translation tools use a phrase-based translation strategy where translation and target language models are trained from parallel corpora. In the experiments carried out to evaluate the translation performance, the sign language-speech translation system reported a 96.45 BLEU and the SMS-speech system a 44.36 BLEU in a specific domain: the renewal of the Identity Document and Driving License. In the evaluation of the emotional TTS, it is important to highlight the improvement in the naturalness thanks to the morpho-syntactic features, and the high flexibility provided by HSMMs when generating different emotional strengths.     

基于n-gram语言模型和链状朴素贝叶斯分类器的中文文本分类系统

本文提出了一个基于n-gram语言模型进行文本表示,采用链状朴素贝叶斯分类器进行分类的中文文本分类系统。介绍了如何用n-gram语言模型进行文本表示,阐述了链状朴素贝叶斯分类器与n-gram语言模型相结合的优势,分析了n-gram语言模型参数的选取,讨论了分类系统的若干重要问题,研究了训练集的规模和质量对分类系统的影响。根据863计划文本分类测评组所提供的测试标准、训练集以及测试集对本文所设计的分类系统进行测试,实验结果表明该分类系统有良好的分类效果。     

中文文本自动校对技术研究及系统组成

对文本自动校对国内外发展现状进行描述,针对中文文本出现错误的状况进行分析,提出了查错,纠错的两类自动校对技术;基于语料统计的词的匹配技术和基于自然语言理解的理解技术,给出了中文文本自动校对系统的组成及关键技术。     

基于AdaBoost的手势识别

手语是聋人使用的语言,是由手形动作辅之以表情姿势由符号构成的比较稳定的表达系统,是一种靠动作/视觉交际的语言。手语识别的研究目标是让机器看懂聋人的语言。手语识别和手语合成相结合,构成一个人-机手语翻译系统,便于聋人与周围环境的交流.手语识别问题是动态手势信号即手语信号的识别问题。将 AdaBoost 这一算法引入手势识别中,自行建立了实验用的小型手势图片库。在分类器训练前对训练用图像进行了较有效的预处理,缩短了 AdaBoost 算法的训练识别时间,提高了多层分类器的识别速度,最好测试结果其平均准确率可达到90%。     

面向中文语料库的模式检索研究

信息检索是语料库提供的基本服务之一。随着语料库在汉语词汇学和词典学研究领域中的重要性不断增强,更为符合用户需求的新型语料库检索方式也日益得到重视。现有的中文语料库检索方法未充分考虑汉字编码、繁简体字和异体字等特殊性质,也未充分贴近中文语料库的用户需求。针对中文语料库检索中存在的不足,提出了一类简化的新型检索表达式,仅需一个元字符即可满足典型的检索需求,具有表达直观、易于应用和逻辑清晰的特点,随后给出了新型检索表达式到正则表达式的翻译策略和实现方法,并在中古汉语词汇研究和《汉语大词典》研究中开展了实际应用。     

Computer animated visual translation from natural language to sign language

Computer animation and visualization can facilitate communication between the hearing impaired and those with normal speaking capabilities. This paper presents a model of a system that is capable of translating text from a natural language into animated sign language. Techniques have been developed to analyse language and transform it into sign language in a systematic way. A hand motion coding method as applied to the hand motion representation, and control has also been investigated. Two translation examples are also given to demonstrate the practicality of the system.     

中国手语信息处理述评

为了能够有效地对中国手语进行信息处理,需要针对中国手语的特性提出相应的信息处理方案。该文根据国内外的研究进展情况,从基于规则和基于语料库的角度,讨论了中国手语信息处理过程中遇到的有关问题,并提出可借鉴的中国手语信息处理技术,同时从中国手语自身的词法、句法出发,参考国外手语语言学的最新研究成果,讨论了中国手语信息处理中有关信息表征、理解、生成等问题。最后指出未来手语的信息处理将会更多地建立在跨学科、多模式的基础之上 ,该项研究将有力地促进信息无障碍技术的发展。
     

Intelligent Thai text – Thai sign translation for language learning

We present the Intelligent Thai text – Thai sign translation for language learning (IT³STL). IT³STL is able to translate Thai text into Thai sign language simply and conveniently anytime, anywhere. Thai sign language is the language of the deaf in Thailand. In the translation process, the distinction between Thai text and Thai sign language in both grammar and vocabulary are concerned in each processing step to ensure the accuracy of translation. IT³STL was designed not only to be an automatic interpreter but also to be a language tutor assistant. It provides meaning of each word and describes the structure formation and word order of the translated sentence. With IT³STL, the deaf and hearing-impaired are able to enhance their communication ability and to improve their knowledge and learning skills. Moreover IT³STL has increased motivation and opportunity for them to access multimedia and e-learning.