细粒棘球蚴MKK1和MKK2基因原核表达载体的构建及其诱导表达

目的分别构建细粒棘球蚴(Eg)丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶MKK1和MKK2基因原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化EgMKK1和EgMKK2蛋白。方法采集绵羊肝脏感染的Eg原头蚴,Trizol法提取原头蚴总RNA,反转录PCR分别扩增EgMKK1和EgMKK2基因片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET28a(+),经限制性内切酶双酶切和测序鉴定正确后转化大肠埃希菌感受态细胞BL21,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,采用镍柱亲和层析法纯化蛋白,并进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果测序证明pET28a-EgMKK1和pET28a-EgMKK2原核表达载体构建正确,在37℃经IPTG(终浓度1mmol/L)诱导可表达EgMKK1和EgMKK2蛋白,分子质量单位分别为44.96ku和64.01ku,与理论值相符,且以包涵体形式存在。表达产物纯化后的可溶性蛋白EgMKK1和EgMKK2含量分别为0.64mg/ml和1.2mg/ml。结论成功构建了MKK1和MKK2基因原核表达载体,表达蛋白可用于动物免疫,为研究EgMKK1和EgMKK2在Eg体内的生物学作用奠定了基础。     

细粒棘球蚴MKKl和MKK2基因原核表达载体的构建及其诱导表达

目的分别构建细粒棘球蚴（Eg）丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶MKK1和MKK2基因原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化EgMKK1和EgMKK2蛋白。方法采集绵羊肝脏感染的Eg原头蚴,Trizol法提取原头蚴总RNA,反转录PCR分别扩增EgMKK1和EgMKK2基因片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET28a（＋）,经限制性内切酶双酶切和测序鉴定正确后转化大肠埃希菌感受态细胞BL21,异丙基-G-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达,采用镍柱亲和层析法纯化蛋白,并进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果测序证明pET28a-EgMKK1和pET28a-EgMKK2原核表达载体构建正确,在37℃经IPTG（终浓度1mmol／L）诱导可表达EgMKK1和EgMKK2蛋白,分子质量单位分别为44．96ku和64．0lku,与理论值相符,且以包涵体形式存在。表达产物纯化后的可溶性蛋白EgMKK1和EgMKK2含量分别为0．64mg／ml和1．2mg／ml。结论成功构建了MKK1和MKK2基因原核表达载体,表达蛋白可用于动物免疫,为研究EgMKK1和EgMKK2在Eg体内的生物学作用奠定了基础。     

恶性疟原虫网状细胞结合蛋白同源体5F1段的克隆、表达及初步鉴定

目的克隆表达恶性疟原虫网状细胞结合蛋白同源体5(PfRh5)F1片段,并评价其抗原性。方法 PCR扩增目的基因片段,克隆到表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建PfRh5F1/pET28a原核表达载体。IPTG诱导表达目的基因,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达产物,并用WesternBlot检测其抗原性。结果成功构建了PfRh5F1/pET28a原核表达系统,并在大肠杆菌中以包涵体形式高效表达,表达产物能被恶性疟原虫感染患者血清识别,而不能被间日疟原虫感染患者及正常人血清识别。结论恶性疟原虫PfRh5F1段在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达且表达产物具有良好的抗原性。     

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫沉默信息调节因子2(Sir2)基因的克隆、表达与纯化

目的获取蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(Giardia lamblia,Gl)沉默信息调节因子2(Sir2)基因序列及其重组蛋白。方法以蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫中国C2克隆株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增GlSir2基因编码序列,将所得片段连接至pMD-19T质粒。转化大肠埃希菌(E.coli)JM109,挑取阳性克隆进行测序。将GlSir2基因插入原核表达载体pET28b,构建表达载体pET28b-GlSir2,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析重组蛋白的表达情况。收集重组表达产物,用8 mol/L尿素溶解包涵体并收集上清,镍离子亲和层析进行纯化。将纯化产物透析复性,蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)进行免疫学鉴定。结果获得了蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫中国C2克隆株GlSir2基因编码序列,该序列包含一个1 680 bp的开放阅读框架,可编码559个氨基酸,预测其蛋白的相对分子质量(Mr)约为62 800。构建表达载体pET28b-GlSir2,经IPTG诱导,重组蛋白以包涵体形式表达。溶解包涵体并经纯化后的目的蛋白纯度达80%以...     

结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因原核表达载体的构建、表达和纯化

目的 构建结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因原核表达载体并进行表达、纯化.方法 用PCR扩增结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因,并克隆入pTA2质粒.测序正确后.再亚克隆人pET30a(+)质粒,构建pET30a(+):mpt51重组体.结果 以pET30a(+):mpt51转化BL21(DE3)后.经0.4 mmol/L异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷诱导,重组菌表达出相对分子质量为38 000的重组蛋白.SDS-PAGE分析显示,异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷诱导4小时重组蛋白的表达量最高.表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在于胞质中.表达量占全菌蛋白质的30%.经Ni-NTA树脂纯化,获得纯度为90%的重组蛋白.结论 成功地构建原核表达载体pET30a(+):mpt51,并获得MPT51重组蛋白.为血清学诊断活动性结核病奠定了基础.     

GFP-Rv2626c融合蛋白表达载体的构建及表达纯化

目的构建含Rv2626c基因的原核表达载体,获得GFP-Rv2626c融合蛋白,为今后开发鉴别结核感染的血清学诊断试剂打下基础。方法以结核杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,经PCR法扩增得到Rv2626c基因DNA片段。将扩增片段克隆到pGM-T载体中测序,并进一步将Rv2626c亚克隆到pET28a-GFP中,构建原核重组表达载体pET28a-GFP-Rv2626c。将pET28a-GFP-Rv2626c转化E.coli BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导目的基因表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析和纯化该表达产物。结果经核苷酸序列测定和酶切鉴定,成功构建了重组质粒pET28a-GFP-Rv2626c。用IPTG诱导该质粒转化的E.coliBL21后,获得分子量约46kD的GFP-Rv2626c融合蛋白。经Ni-NTA Agarose试剂盒进行蛋白纯化,获得纯化的GFP-Rv2626c融合蛋白。结论成功制备出重组GFP-Rv2626c融合蛋白,为开发鉴别结核感染的血清学诊断试剂打下了基础。     

肠道病毒71型VP1包涵体蛋白的复性与纯化

目的 利用原核表达系统,经优化诱导条件及变、复性将包涵体形式肠道病毒71型结构蛋白VP1进行纯化。方法 通过RT-PCR扩增VP1基因,并应用基因克隆技术将VP1基因与pET-28a原核表达载体连接,之后将重组载体转化至大肠埃希菌Rosseta(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后对包涵体进行变、复性,采用His镍柱亲和层析对VP1蛋白进行纯化,利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对VP1蛋白进行分析鉴定。结果 PCR扩增出891 bp的EV71-VP1基因,双酶切鉴定原核重组质粒pET-28a-EV71-VP1构建正确。重组载体转化DE3后经IPTG诱导表达VP1蛋白,且以包涵体形式存在。将包涵体变、复性,经SDS-PAGE分离后进行镍柱纯化,得到较纯的目的蛋白,Western blot分析该蛋白能被相应抗体识别。结论 构建的原核重组质粒pET-28a-EV71-VP1转化DE3后经IPTG诱导表达以包涵体形式存在的VP1蛋白,复性后纯化的VP1蛋白具有免疫原性,为EV71 VP1蛋白的研究与开发奠定了基础。     

细粒棘球蚴原头节β_4微管蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化及生物信息学分析

目的对细粒棘球蚴原头节的β4微管蛋白(EgTub4)基因进行生物信息学预测和分析,并探索该基因在大肠埃希菌中可溶性表达的最佳诱导条件,纯化目标蛋白。方法采用ProtParam、SMART、Predictprotein和Swiss-model软件分析EgTub4蛋白的理化性质和结构,采用SignalP4.1软件进行信号肽预测。提取细粒棘球蚴原头节的总RNA,并反转录成cDNA,PCR扩增EgTub4基因,构建原核重组表达载体pET28aEgTub4、pET30a-EgTub4和pET32a-EgTub4,进行酶切鉴定,并测序。探索重组蛋白rEgTub4可溶性表达的最佳诱导条件[表达载体、诱导温度(T)、诱导剂(IPTG)浓度、诱导时间(t)和培养基类型]。利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白,进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质印迹分析(Westernblotting)。结果经生物信息学分析预测EgTub4蛋白理论等电点(pI)值为4.79,理论相对分子质量(M_r)为49700;EgTub4不含信号肽,含有3个结构域,分别为微管蛋白GTPase结构域、C末端结构域和卷曲螺旋区。成功构建了重组质粒pET28a-EgTub4、pET30a-EgTub4和pET32a-EgTub4,经双酶切后,均可得到与目的基因相对分子质量相符的片段,测序正确。经Westernblotting分析,在表达质粒pET28a(+)、pET30a(+)和pET32a(+)中重组蛋白分别为M_r56000、60000、68000。EgTub4基因在pET28a(+)中表达时不可溶,主要以包涵体形式存在,需要在变性条件下进行纯化。而在pET30a(+)和pET32a(+)中表达时均部分可溶,可以在非变性条件下进行纯化。综合考虑,本研究最终选择pET30a(+)作为EgTub4基因的表达载体。目标蛋白可溶性表达的优化条件为:T=25℃、[IPTG]=0.01mmol/L、t=10h、2×YT培养液。最佳洗杂咪唑浓度为150mmol/L,洗脱咪唑浓度为500mmol/L。Western blotting分析结果显示,纯化的蛋白均能与β-微管蛋白抗体及His-Tag标签抗体反应,条带大小符合预期,约M_r 60000。结论对EgTub4进行了生物信息学预测、分析和表达,得到该基因在大肠埃希菌中可溶性表达的最佳诱导条件,纯化目标蛋白。     

结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺耐药相关蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的构建结核分枝杆菌pncA基因的原核表达质粒,获得结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺酶的表达蛋白。方法制备结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增目的基因片段;通过pET28a构建表达载体pET28a-pncA,序列测定证实正确后转化大肠埃希菌DH10b,经IPTG诱导表达His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析重组蛋白。结果扩增出结核分枝杆菌pncA基因并构建了具有正确基因序列的质粒载体pET28a-pncA,转化大肠埃希菌BL21后经诱导产生了分子质量单位约20ku的表达产物,并得到纯化的带His标签的目的蛋白。结论构建了结核分枝杆菌pncA基因原核表达质粒,并诱导表达了His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,为进一步研究吡嗪酰胺耐药性奠定了基础。     

转录抑制因子ZHX2功能片段原核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 从人正常组织中克隆人转录抑制因子ZHX2功能片段,构建其原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,纯化获得蛋白,用于下一步探讨ZHX2基因的功能.方法 根据 GenBank中ZHX2功能片段已知序列设计引物,从正常人组织中通过RT-PCR方法扩增ZHX2基因功能片段,克隆到原核表达载体pET28a(+)中,转化Ecoli.BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,采用镍柱亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白.结果 测序结果显示克隆的ZHX2基因序列正确,SDS-PAGE鉴定表达产物分子量正确,Western-blot鉴定结果显示表达产物为人ZHX2功能片段特异性蛋白.结论 本研究成功构建了含有ZHX2功能片段的原核融合表达载体,并实现了ZHX2功能片段的表达,获得了纯化的蛋白,为进一步研究ZHX2基因的功能奠定了基础.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

南通市老年人生命质量影响因素的因子分析

目的 了解南通市老年人的生命质量及其影响因素.方法 2010年7月应用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)对南通市994例＞60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,探索性因子分析生命质量的影响因素.结果 英国权重计算城市老年人生命质量指数得分均数(0.590±0.092)高于农村老年人(0.560±0.115),农村老年人得分高于养老院老年人(0.447 ±0.154).社会经济因素、闲暇生活方式、慢性病、睡眠食欲、婚姻家庭和社会支持是影响老年人生命质量的主要因子.结论 政府应完善养老保险和医疗保险制度,加强老年人慢性病的健康管理,促进居家养老服务体系建设.     

胆囊腺肌增生症23例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊腺肌增生症的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法在1046例胆囊切除术中,对病理检查确诊的23例胆囊腺肌增生症的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者术前均行超声、CT或MRI检查。结果23例胆囊腺肌增生症临床表现与慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。病变大体形态:局限型13例(均位于胆囊底部)、节段型7例和弥漫型3例。23例均行胆囊切除,合并胆囊结石6例,合并胆囊炎14例。结论胆囊腺肌增生症是一种好发于成年人的胆囊壁增生性病变,此病常与慢性胆囊炎、胆石症并存,临床诊断困难,确诊需依赖病理检查。联合超声、CT和MRI等影像学检查可提高术前诊断准确度。目前手术是治疗的最好方法。     

糖尿病肾病血液透析护理效果分析

目的探讨糖尿病肾病血液透析中不同护理模式的护理效果。方法选择该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的糖尿病肾病患者72例。该次选取的病例均拟行血液透析治疗,按照随机数表将患者分为对照组(35例)和观察组(37例),其中对照组在患者血液透析期间行常规基础护理,观察组行优质护理干预,观察两种不同的护理模式对患者血液透析的影响。结果观察组患者因低血压等中断透析的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析期间并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的生活质量SF-36评分均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病患者透析期间行优质护理,有助于保障血液透析的顺利开展,同时降低各种并发症的风险,使得患者的生活质量有最基本的保障。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.