经纤维支气管镜超声定位针吸活检对肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)腔内超声(EUS)定位后行穿刺针吸活检对支气管黏膜正常的肺癌的诊断价值.方法:对16例疑有黏膜下或管外肿瘤的患者用Olympus UM-BS20-26R型微型超声探头(USP)以水囊法和(或)直接接触法进行EUS检查,并行经纤支镜穿刺针吸活检.结果:16例患者以常规纤支镜检查无异常,经EUS显示支气管管壁各层次结构,明确病灶部位、范围,穿刺针吸活检证实8例为支气管肺腺癌,4例为支气管肺鳞状细胞癌,3例为支气管腺癌淋巴结转移,诊断敏感性达93.8%;所有患者检查后无气胸、出血等并发症.结论:选择性应用EUS,对明确支气管黏膜下或管外病变性质、正确引导穿刺具有较大价值,有助于支气管肺癌的诊断.     

乳腺肿块63例可疑癌的针吸细胞学与病理对照分析

目的 探讨乳腺肿块细针针吸细胞学(FNAC)检查中可疑癌的诊断与临床病理关系。方法 总结1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中63例可疑癌的诊断标准及特点。结果 1115例乳腺肿块FNAC检查中，有328例获病理组织学对照，FNAC总正确率96．3％，总误诊率3．7％，假阴性率4．8％，潜在假阳性率1．7％。63例可疑癌占乳腺肿块的5．7％(63／l115)，正确率96．8％(6l／63)，误诊率3．2％(2／63)。结论 FNAC对可疑乳腺癌有较高确诊率。63例可疑癌中大多数为乳腺癌，良性病变少。     

甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学分析在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用

目的:探讨甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学(fine-needle aspiration biopsy,FNAB)在甲状腺结节诊断中的应用价值。方法:对比分析94例甲状腺结节患者的FNAB与组织病理学检查结果。结果:94例甲状腺结节患者FNAB检测为良性病变81例,其中非肿瘤60例,腺瘤21例(病理证实乳头状腺瘤2例,滤泡状腺瘤19例);恶性病例9例,其中乳头状腺癌3例,未分化癌2例,腺癌4例(病理证实乳头状腺癌4例,髓样癌1例,未分化癌3例,滤泡状腺癌1例);未确定性4例(病理证实甲状腺滤泡状腺癌3例,甲状腺滤泡状腺瘤1例)。结论:FNAB对甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别具有重要意义,对桥本甲状腺炎和亚急性甲状腺炎有确诊意义,准确掌握FNAB可提高甲状腺常见病的确诊率。     

超声引导下细针及空芯针穿刺活检在乳腺癌腋窝分期中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声引导下细针穿刺活检和空芯针穿刺活检在乳腺癌腋窝分期中的应用价值.方法 选取新诊断的乳腺癌患者48例,术前行超声引导下细针穿刺活检和空芯针穿刺腋窝淋巴结活检,以手术后病理结果为金标准,分析这两种穿刺活检的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 在48例乳腺癌患者中,手术病理结果显示有腋窝淋巴结转移26例,无腋窝淋巴结转移22例.细针穿刺活检和空芯针穿刺活检诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的特异性及阳性预测值均为100％.细针穿刺活检、空芯针穿刺活检诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性分别为73.08％ (19/26)、76.92％ (20/26),阴性预测值分别为75.86％ (22/29)、78.57％(22/28),两者以上指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 超声引导下细针穿刺活检和空芯针穿刺活检在乳腺癌腋窝分期中具有重要价值.在考虑侵袭性和成本的情况下,可优先考虑超声引导下细针穿刺活检.     

乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的　探讨乳腺X线立体定位穿刺活检在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用。方法　在常规乳腺X线片观察分析的基础上 ,对临床触不到而X线片显示的乳腺小肿块、微小钙化、局限致密浸润 ,通过电子计算机立体定位仪指导 ,将乳腺穿刺针直接刺入可疑病变区 ,取得活体组织标本 ,进行组织病理学检查。结果　对 2 7例患者检查 ,诊断符合率 92 .6 % ,乳腺癌的诊断正确率 10 0 %。结论　应用此技术对一些常规检查无法确诊的乳腺微小病变的早期诊断开辟了广阔的前景 ,可提高早期癌、原位癌及TO癌的诊断水平     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of breast cancer

A prospective study of 176 Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies (FNAB) in 172 patients was carried out to assess the accuracy of FNAB in diagnosing breast cancer at the University Hospital of the West Indies. The results showed 99 per cent and 97 per cent accuracy and sensitivity rates, respectively. There were no false positives and a one per cent false negative rate. FNAB provides a rapid, safe and cheap method of accurately diagnosing breast cancer.     

Clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in Singapore, and accurate staging of lung cancer is therefore of paramount importance. Several non-invasive and invasive modalities can be used to stage lung cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe procedure that is performed under conscious sedation and has a sensitivity of up to 90-98 percent in expert hands. In addition, nodal groups that are inaccessible by cervical mediastinoscopy (such as the aortopulmonary window lymph nodes) can be sampled by EUS-FNA. We present three cases in which EUS-FNA was used successfully to diagnose and stage lung cancer, thus avoiding surgery.     

红外光引导细针穿刺活检在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨红外光引导细针穿刺活检在乳腺癌诊断中的应用。方法：在红外光引导下以COOK活检针对128例可疑乳腺癌患者进行穿刺取材做病理组织学诊断，对结果为恶性的患者即行乳腺癌根治术，对结果为良性的患者据术中冰冻切片结果决定术式，所有患者术后均做常规病理切片，并将结果与穿刺诊断结果进行比较分析。结果：128例患者穿刺成功128例，成功率为100％，得到满意组织120例，组织学阳性率93．75％，活检穿刺病理结果与术后常规病理切片结果比较无假阳性率，假阴性率为18．18％，总诊断准确度为98．33％。结论：红外光引导细针穿刺活检是诊断乳腺癌简便而有效的方法，对手术和其他治疗方法有重要的指导意义。     

The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of head and neck masses

Patients presenting with a mass in the head and neck region require a tissue biopsy in order to make a histological diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) offers a safe, well tolerated and inexpensive method of obtaining such a biopsy. When the patient is first seen in the clinic, the FNA can be performed, the result read and appropriate management instituted. The results of FNA biopsies of head and neck masses performed between May 1993 and June 1995, at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Saint James’s Hospital, Dublin were reviewed. Of the 130 patients who had FNA biopsies performed, 78 went on to have surgical excision of the mass. To determine the accuracy of FNA biopsy in the diagnosis of head and neck masses at our unit, we compared the cytology result and the final histology report of these 78 patients. The overall accuracy rate of FNA cytology was 95 per cent, when compared to the final histology result. The accuracy rate was 87 per cent for malignant lesions and 95 per cent for benign lesions. No complications were encountered in this study. Based on our results and those of other studies, we recommend performing FNA in all patients presenting with a mass in the head and neck region.     

Comparison of preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland tumors

We investigated 115 patients with salivary gland epithelial tumors who had undergone preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary glands and had been diagnosed by postoperative histopathological examination. We compared the findings of preoperative FNAC with their histopathological types in salivary gland tumors, and discuss the results and problems. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of preoperative FNAC of salivary glands were 98.2%, 88.2%, and 100%, respectively. The percentage of inadequate specimens was 6.1%. The rates of agreement in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and basal cell adenoma were 96%, 92.9%, and 55.5%, respectively. The rate of agreement of histopathological types in the malignant tumors was 30%. We realized again not only that the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative FNAC for salivary gland tumors was high, but also that it was a safe, easy-to-perform, clinically very useful diagnostic procedure. However, this study exposed several problems which are the inadequate sampling rate and the difficulty in diagnosing malignant tumors. We have been making efforts to take appropriate specimens by writing comments on the cytological report indicating a re-examination, or by the presence of the clinical laboratory technician at the FNAC procedure. We consider it necessary to adequately re-aspirate the solid portion after cyst fluid aspiration, or to re-perform FNAC at a later date, and to improve the diagnostic accuracy by further experience with more patients.     

细针穿刺结合免疫组织化学检测在颈部淋巴结恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的作用

目的：探讨细针穿刺（FNAC）结合免疫组织化学（IHC）在鉴别诊断颈部淋巴结恶性肿瘤中的作用与意义.方法：采用细针穿刺获得50例颈部肿大淋巴结组织,涂片进行HE染色,观察细胞形态,可疑的恶性肿瘤病变进行免疫组织化学检测.结果：单独FNAC分型确诊病例为35.7％,FNAC-IHC分型确诊病例为90.5％.FNAC-IHC对淋巴结肿瘤性病变的类型确诊率显著高于单独FNAC的确诊率.FNAC-IHC在颈部肿瘤性病变分型鉴别诊断的敏感度显著高于单独FNAC,而二者的特异性没有差别.结论：FNAC-IHC在颈部淋巴结恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值优于FNAC.     

细针吸取细胞学在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨细针吸取细胞学(FNAC)在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对475例乳腺肿物行FNAC检查,从细胞学角度分析判断乳腺肿物性质,并与病理组织切片做对照。结果475例乳腺肿物中,经病理组织学诊断为良性病变251例,恶性肿瘤224例。FNAC对良性病变诊断的特异度96.0%(241/251),潜在假阳性率为4.0%(10/251),假阳性率0%;恶性肿瘤诊断的敏感度为97.3%(218/224),假阴性率2.7%(6/224)。结论乳腺肿物细针吸取细胞学诊断,简单快速安全可靠结果准确,对乳腺癌诊断具有重要推广实用价值。     

Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of intra-abdominal masses.

Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies were performed in 51 patients with various intra-abdominal masses localized by palpation, radiologic studies, ultrasonography or radioisotope scanning. Biopsy specimens were considered positive for malignant disease in 35 (85%) of the 41 patients with such disease, including 26 (96%) of the 27 with metastases. There was one false-positive diagnosis of malignant disease from the biopsy specimens. Surgery became unnecessary as a result of aspiration biopsy in at least 12 patients. One patient showed evidence of intrahepatic bleeding during liver biopsy but recovered spontaneously, and the liver appeared normal at laparotomy 3 weeks later. Aspiration biopsy is an accurate, relatively painless, inexpensive and safe method of establishing a diagnosis of intraabdominal malignant disease. Considerable experience of the cytologist is necessary for good results.     

乳腺癌和乳腺纤维腺瘤的DCE-MRI鉴别诊断（附49例分析）

目的探讨动态增强MRI（dynamic enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI）对乳腺癌和乳腺纤维腺瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法选择经病理证实的乳腺癌患者30例,乳腺纤维腺瘤患者19例,对DCE-MRI检查资料进行回顾性分析,分析内容：病灶形态学及时间信号强度曲线（timesignalintensitycurve,TIC）,早期强化率。结果 30例乳腺癌中,形态不规则、有毛刺、边界模糊毛糙26例,强化方式多为不均匀或环形强化,TIC曲线多为III型和Ⅱ型。乳腺纤维腺瘤19例中,形态多呈类圆形或分叶状,边界光整,17例。强化方式多为均匀强化或无明显强化,TIC多为I型和IV型。乳腺癌和纤维腺瘤在形态学特征、强化方式及TIC类型上差异有统计学意义。结论 DCE-MRI依据病灶的形态特征、强化方式、早期增强率及TIC类型可以很好地鉴别乳腺癌和纤维腺瘤。     

联合应用细胞学检查与P53蛋白检测提高甲状腺癌术前诊断率

目的 研究细针穿刺细胞学与P53蛋白检测联合应用,以提高甲状腺癌术前诊断的准确率.方法 收集术前进行细针穿刺作细胞学检查和免疫组织化学法(S-P)作P53蛋白表达检测的甲状腺肿瘤患者40例,联合二者的结果对甲状腺癌的术前诊断率进行研究.结果 40例中经术后病理诊断为甲状腺癌的为28例;术前经细胞学检查诊断为甲状腺癌的为23例,P53蛋白检测阳性的为16例,二者的灵敏度分别为82.14%和57.14%,细胞学与P53蛋白联合检测的灵敏度为92.86%.结论 术前经细针穿刺作细胞学检查联合P53蛋白检测可以提高甲状腺癌的术前诊断率.     

细针穿刺检查对甲状腺结节的诊断进展

甲状腺结节(thyroid nodule,TN)是内分泌系统的常见病和多发病。因其具有良、恶性之分,治疗方案及预后有显著不同。但恶性结节在临床上多缺乏特征性表现,同时常规的检查手段在良、恶性鉴别方面的表现并不理想。细针穿刺检查(fine-needle aspiration,FNA)通过获取甲状腺可疑结节的少量组织进行细胞学诊断,可有效提高良、恶性质鉴别的准确度,为临床提供重要的诊断依据。本文就近年来细针穿刺相关技术及与分子生物学检查的联合在甲状腺结节诊断方面的进展进行综述。     

超声引导下细针穿刺活检对甲状腺小结节的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺活检（US-FNAB）对〈10 mm甲状腺小结节的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析105例（共计115个）最大径〈10 mm甲状腺结节患者的临床资料,评估US-FNAB细胞学结果与手术病理及临床随访结果对照。结果 115个甲状腺小结节中,细胞学诊断恶性24例,可疑恶性9例,良性68例,不确定4例,不满意10例。经术后病理或临床随访,恶性结节26个,良性结节89个。US-FNAB诊断〈10 mm甲状腺小结节的灵敏度为88.9%（24/27）,特异度为90.0%（79/88）,准确率为90.0%（103/115）。结论 US-FNAB对〈10 mm甲状腺结节诊断的准确性好,具有较高的临床实用价值。