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藻类毒素对健康危害和控制的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来由于生活污染和工业污染加剧,人类向水体排放了大量含N、P的有机物,使水体富营养化程度加剧,造成藻类大量繁殖,藻类在代谢过程中或藻体破裂后向水体中排出藻毒素,主要有毒成分为微囊藻毒素(MC),MC是一类具有生物活性的环状七肽化合物.近几十年来,国内外动物试验、人群流行病学调查表明MC具有机体肝毒性、促癌、胚胎毒性、遗传毒性、免疫损害等作用,我们就有关藻毒素对健康影响的研究进展作一简要综述. 相似文献
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选择 14个档案馆测定室内微小气候、各种毒物和螨、细菌及霉菌总数。选择 97名档案人员作为观察组 ,以 113名银行职员为对照组进行健康检查。结果显示 ,甲醛、三苯污染最为明显。 2 0 %~ 40 %的人出现皮肤过敏、眼及上呼吸道刺激症状 ,其免疫系统已受到一定程度的影响。 相似文献
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酸雨对环境和人体健康的危害日益受到全世界的关注。一般认为,自然和人为的污染源向大气排放的硫氧化物、氮氧化物及碳氧化物可转变成各类酸,这些酸遇雨可形成酸雨。酸雨主要通过二种方式影响人体健康,一是在酸雨沉降前期,人体从周围空气中直接接触酸性物质,经呼吸道吸入硫和氮的氧化物而产生急性和慢性呼吸道损害。二是在酸雨沉降后期,酸性物质进入水体和土壤,导致地球 相似文献
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贫铀武器对人体健康和环境的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了贫铀的化学特性、衰变规律和迁移方式。依据国内外有关贫铀的实验数据流行病学研究、动物毒理学试验和人体临床观察等几个方面的研究结果综述了贫铀武器对人体和环境的影响。结合当前研究中的不确定因素,提出了今后进行有关研究的建议。 相似文献
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室内空气污染对人体健康的危害 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
室内空气污染已经成为全世界各国共同关注的问题,被公认为人类健康最危险的杀手之一。在对室内空气的检测中,共发现300多种挥发性有机物,某些有害气体浓度比户外高出十倍甚至几十倍,其中致癌物质就有20多种,致病病毒200多种。国际上一些专家研究指出人们在经历了“煤烟污染”和“光化学烟雾污染”对人们健康的危害之后,正在经历着以“室内空气污染”为代表的第三次污染时代的到来。 相似文献
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Arsenic is a unique element with distinct physical characteristics and toxicity whose importance in public health is well recognized. The toxicity of arsenic varies across its different forms. While the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been confirmed, the mechanisms behind the diseases occurring after acute or chronic exposure to arsenic are not well understood. Inorganic arsenic has been confirmed as a human carcinogen that can induce skin, lung, and bladder cancer. There are also reports of its significant association to liver, prostate, and bladder cancer. Recent studies have also suggested a relationship with diabetes, neurological effects, cardiac disorders, and reproductive organs, but further studies are required to confirm these associations. The majority of research to date has examined cancer incidence after a high exposure to high concentrations of arsenic. However, numerous studies have reported various health effects caused by chronic exposure to low concentrations of arsenic. An assessment of the health effects to arsenic exposure has never been performed in the South Korean population; thus, objective estimates of exposure levels are needed. Data should be collected on the biological exposure level for the total arsenic concentration, and individual arsenic concentration by species. In South Korea, we believe that biological exposure assessment should be the first step, followed by regular health effect assessments. 相似文献
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目的研究通过在职业性膀胱癌高发人群中进行尿脱落细胞检查,以早期发现、早期治疗膀胱肿瘤,说明其在健康监护中的作用.方法对染化行业在职和退休职工,有联苯胺接触史1年以上的男性,进行尿脱落细胞病理学检查.结果对联苯胺作业人群进行20年的尿脱落细胞健康监护工作,并已取得肯定效果.结论通过尿脱落细胞检查可以检出尚无临床症状的早期患者,可使患者早期发现早期治疗膀胱肿瘤,所以尿脱落细胞学检查对于联苯胺作业人群的职业健康监护有着重要的意义. 相似文献
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目的研究影响新装修居室居民健康的因素。方法对居室装修、装饰情况、装修时间、通风情况及居民健康状况进行调查,应用多因素Logistic逐步回归进行分析。结果居室装修所造成的室内空气污染可能引起居民多种不适症状的发生。单因素分析结果显示,距装修完成时间在6个月以内(OR=9.45)、装修后空置时间在0.5个月以内(OR=1.97)、入住时间在1个月以内(OR=16.19)可能显著增加居民发生不适症状的相对危险性。在调整了其他影响因素的作用后,距装修完成的时间越长,居民发生不适症状的危险性越低(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73~0.91),而经常保持开窗通风可显著减低居民发生不适症状的危险性(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.54~0.87)。结论新装修居室居民的不适症状是由多种因素综合作用的结果,这些因素包括距装修完成时间、装修材料、居室附近及工作场所环境、个人体质、生活习惯等。 相似文献
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工业氟化物污染对环境与居民健康的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:了解工业氟化物污染对环境及人群健康的影响,方法:对某化工厂周围地区(污染区)环境介质(包括大气、土壤、蔬菜、杂草、树枝叶)的氟化物含量进行监测,对在污染区居住5年以上且无工业氟化物接触史的87人及对照区132人进行氟斑牙患病情况,头发和指甲氟化物含量的调查,结果:污染区的环境介质氟化物含量,人群氟斑牙发病率以及头发,指甲氟化物含量均明显高于对照区,结论:该化工厂的氟化物污染已周围环境及人群健康造成了危害。 相似文献
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Keon Yeop Kim So Youn Jeon Man Joong Jeon Kwon Ho Lee Sok Goo Lee Dongjin Kim Eunjeong Kang Sang Geun Bae Jinhee Kim 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2012,45(4):267-275
Objectives
This study was conducted to assess the potential health impacts and improve the quality of the free immunization program in Jinju City by maximizing the predicted positive health gains and minimizing the negative health risks.Methods
A steering committee was established in September 2010 to carry out the health impact assessment (HIA) and began the screening and scoping stages. In the appraisal stage, analysis of secondary data, a literature review, case studies, geographic information systems analysis, a questionnaire, and expert consultations were used. The results of the data collection and analyses were discussed during a workshop, after which recommendations were finalized in a written report.Results
Increased access to immunization, comprehensive services provided by physicians, the strengthened role of the public health center in increasing immunization rates and services, and the ripple effect to other neighboring communities were identified as potential positive impacts. On the other hand, the program might be inaccessible to rural regions with no private clinics where there are more at-risk children, vaccine management and quality control at the clinics may be poor, and vaccines may be misused. Recommendations to maximize health gains and minimize risks were separately developed for the public health center and private clinics.Conclusions
The HIA provided an opportunity for stakeholders to comprehensively overview the potential positive and negative impacts of the program before it was implemented. An HIA is a powerful tool that should be used when developing and implementing diverse health-related policies and programs in the community. 相似文献17.
目的:建立RP-HPLC法测定保健食品中3种蒽醌衍生物含量。方法:以XTerraTMRP18(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相:甲醇+含0.5%冰醋酸水溶液(75+25),检测波长:270 nm,流速:1 ml/min,柱温:25℃,外标法定量。结果:同时测定3种蒽醌衍生物大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素的含量,其浓度分别在5.4~54、7.5~75和8.8~88μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系。方法的平均回收率分别为:107.3%、99.7%、101.1%,RSD为4.2%、6.8%、7.3%。结论:该方法简便、快速,测定结果准确可靠,重现性好,可用于保健食品中蒽醌含量的测定。 相似文献
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化学染发剂和冷烫精的毒性及对人体健康影响的调查研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
本文通过化学染发剂和冷烫精对大白鼠骨髓多染红细胞,毛囊细胞的微核实验及人群健康影响调查,结果表明化学染发剂,冷烫清具有较强致突变作用,两者同时使用致突变明显增强,并提出研制高效无毒染发剂和加强防护的重要性。 相似文献
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保健食品中总蒽醌的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:建立具有可靠性、可操作性、适用性强的保健食品中总蒽醌测定法。方法:以甲醇为提取溶剂,样品经酸解、氧化处理后用分光光度法测定。结果:回收率为83.6%-91.5%,精密度RSD〈10%。结论:已应用本方法检测6种含蒽醌的保健食品产品,方法操作简便,重现性好。 相似文献