三峡库区消落带土地整理利用——以重庆市开县为例

三峡工程建成后随水库年度运行将在库区两岸形成垂直落差30m的永久性消落带，最大出露面积达11000hm^2，通过各种途径开展土地整理，合理利用消落区内土地资源不仅可在一定程度上缓解人地矛盾，而且对于改善库区生态环境也有积极意义。重庆市开县消落带土地面积达4250hm^2，利用潜力巨大，且其开发利用模式极具代表性。在总结国内水库消落带利用的成功经验基础上，结合开县实际，提出4种消落带土地整理利用模式，即工程防护模式、季节性农耕模式、生物工程模式、水产养殖模式。     

"土地整理理论"初探

土地整理已成为土地科学的一个新的学科“生长点”，该文借鉴土地科学的相关理论基础，结合目前我国土地整理工作的任务与实践，探讨土地整理的理论：阶段理论、市场理论、广域理论、区域差异理论、效益统一理论、人居环境理论。     

我国土地整理模式的分类研究

通过探讨土地整理过程中各要素的组合规律,并依此进行模式的划分,可以为政府的土地整理决策提供技术支持,为完善国家的土地整理技术规程和制定相关政策奠定科学基础.在分析土地整理模式内涵与特征的基础上,应用层次指标分类法,分别采用土地整理地域特征指标、待整理土地利用类型指标、土地整理目标指标和土地整理运作方式指标对土地整理模式进行了划分,并依此对我国的土地整理模式进行了分类.     

中部土地整理区土地整理投入产出效率评价

土地整理是中国实现耕地总量动态平衡和确保耕地红线的重要措施和手段,在叫确投入产出因子的基础上,依据土地整理多投入多产出的特点,利用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对中部土地整理区各省份在土地整理项目上的投入产出效率进行计算,对相应效率损失进行分析,结果表明：（1）中部土地整理区土地整理投入产出效率在总体上具有规律性,其中农业...     

三峡库区土地持续利用潜力与途径模式

建立了量化评价模型,对三峡库区土地资源持续利用的潜力及其差异性进行了评价与分析。指出库区土地利用总体上处于弱持续发展的阶段,而且地区差异悬殊、面临的障碍因素多。因此,未来库区土地利用优化决策的关键在于遵照因地制宜和分类指导的原则,正确处理生态建设、移民安置和经济协调发展的关系。主要的途径模式包括植树造林、坡地改梯田、优化结构和产业突破等四个方面。     

尉氏县土地整理复垦开发规划

文章结合在尉氏县的实际工作,阐述了土地整理、复垦、开发的涵义、原则、目标和潜力;分析、制定了尉氏县土地整理、复垦、开发规划方案     

中国土地整理的区域差异及对策

土地整理在合理配置土地资源和增加土地效益、实现耕地总量动态平衡方面具有重要的作用 ,目前已成为社会关注的焦点。本文分析了土地整理的内涵和目标 ,结合我国的国家目标 ,根据我国东、中、西部地区的地域差异 ,阐明了目前我国土地整理的区域差异 ,并提出了相应的对策和建议 :1对于经济发达、土地利用率高和人地矛盾尖锐的东部地区 ,结合经济发展和农业结构调整时机 ,大力推进农地整理 ,提高耕地质量和耕地经营规模水平 ,努力提高耕地的经济效益 ;同时 ,逐步推进非农用地整理 ,减轻非农建设用地对农地的压力。 2对于土地利用率较高、社会经济发展中等的中部地区 ,在发展经济的同时注意保护耕地和环境 ,在保持耕地总量平衡的基础上变注重农地整理的数量向注重农地质量转变。3对于土地利用程度低、社会经济欠发达的西部地区 ,土地整理与退耕还林还草、治水、治沙相结合 ,改善生态环境 ;加大对现有耕地科技含量的投入 ,提高耕地的产出率。此外 ,土地整理应加紧制订、修订和完善相关土地政策 ,探索成立土地银行和公司参与等 ,实现土地整理资金的多元化。     

加强土地管理促进土地复垦及开发整理的探讨

当今我国的经济飞速发展,使得对土地资源的需求日益增大,同时面临这很多的困境。很多地方的土地利用不够科学,存在很多荒废土地的问题。目前,在土地复垦和开发整理等方面急需进行科学管理,改变目前的现状,需要详细研究土地管理措施。本文基于土地复垦以及土地开发整理中的问题进行分析,以加强土地管理水平,提高土地利用效率。     

重庆市三峡库区工业园区土地集约利用评价

通过对所选的6个样本园区,运用多因素综合评价方法计算相应的土地集约利用指数,对重庆市三峡库区工业园区土地集约利用指数进行研究.分析结果表明三峡库区内6个样本园区的土地集约利用指数差异较大,与重庆其他地区相比较,三峡库区生态经济区的土地集约利用指数最低.据此,提出提高重庆市三峡库区园区土地集约利用水平的建议.     

城市土地整理理论与实践探析

城市土地整理是土地整理的重要内容,是实现城市土地资源合理、高效、集约利用的有效措施。其实质是合理组织城市土地利用,使城市土地利用方式、结构和关系适应社会经济发展目标,提高城市土地利用率和产出率,改善城市生态环境的过程。文章从分析城市土地整理的内涵出发,提出了城市土地整理的理论依据,并对城市土地整理的潜力与效益进行了分析研究。同时,针对我国近几年城市土地整理的实践,提出了城市土地整理的程序及应用模式,探析城市土地整理对社会、经济发展及生态环境等引起的效应,对于丰富城市土地整理理论,规范和指导城市土地整理实践具有重要的现实意义。     

On the land use in Three Gorges Reservoir area

In this study the arable land changes in two counties (Zigui and Xingshan) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China are investigated. The statistical data from the officially published statistical books are used to study these changes in the two counties during the past 50 years since 1949. The changes of arable land, changes of arable land per capita, and changes of multiple crop index in Zigui and Xingshan counties are examined. Using an index method, we conclude that the two counties are critical in the sustainable utilization of arable land.     

三峡库区秭归县和兴山县的土地利用

In this study the arable land changes in two counties (Zigui and Xingshan) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China are investigated. The statistical data fTom the officially published statistical books are used to study these changes in the two counties during the past 50 years since 1949. The changes of arable land, changes of arable land per capita, and changes of multiple crop index in Zigui and Xingshan counties are examined. Using an index method, we conclude that the two counties are critical in the sustainable utilization of arable land.     

三峡库区规模农地时空变化特征及其驱动机制

探讨库区农地利用的转型及其机制,可反映中西部结合带、山区、库区的农村变化和人与环境关系的变化,为典型山区的农业多功能转型发展方向提供科学依据。选取三峡库区腹地5个区县为研究区,通过定义“规模农地”相关概念,利用ArcGIS 10.2软件并结合SPSS、地理空间探测器等技术手段对规模农地的变化与机制进行分析。研究发现：规模农地的转移来源主要由耕地和灌木林地组成,除部分高山反季节蔬菜,规模农地的增长一般发生在低海拔地区,且在坡度30°范围内均有分布;不同类型的规模农地空间变化有所不同,但均与道路和乡镇级行政中心的关系明显。斑块水平上,高程、坡度等自然因素对规模农地的贡献相对较大;乡镇水平上以道路交通、农业人口密度等社会经济与人文因素驱动力为主;区域水平上,各区县的驱动因子影响力较研究区整体尺度更为显著。规模农地的变化与发展受多种因素驱动,但农业政策始终是各驱动因素的主导,不同水平的行为主体会促使规模农地发展趋向不同的方向,但原则上均受国家农业发展现状与政府政策导向影响。     

三峡库区山区传统农业生态系统转型

三峡库区是集农村、山区、移民区为一体的典型生态脆弱区,研究其传统农业生态系统的变化对于库区的农村发展与乡村振兴具有重要意义。通过“理论分析—实证研究—趋势预测”的研究框架,以草堂溪流域为例,利用2012-2017年的Quick Bird高分遥感影像结合自然资源要素与农户行为从空间尺度上人地关系变化角度出发对三峡库区山区传统农业生态系统的转型及趋势进行解析。研究发现：① 利用100 m间隔范围的缓冲环将三峡库区的农业生态系统模式分为高低低、高低高、低高低与低低高4种类型,不同模式分别代表三峡库区不同的农业发展阶段,揭示了库区传统农业生态系统由传统耕作方式向现代农业转型的趋势。② 库区的农业生态系统正逐步由传统的耕作区域内粗放利用的纯农生计方式,通过坡耕地撂荒、经果林种植等生态恢复方式,向聚落周边300 m范围内种植结构合理化、物种多样化的集约利用方式转型。③ 以农户与坡耕地等系统要素为代表的三峡库区传统农业生态系统正在发生转型。其中坡耕地多由生产功能主导向生态与经济功能并重转变,农户生计方式趋于多样化,聚落系统生态活力逐渐增强,且农业生态系统转型的变化范围基本由高海拔山地区域向河谷平坝区迁移。此外,尽管在数据时限方面存在不足,但研究结果对于库区乡村土地利用、山区水土流失治理及农村人居环境改善均有启示意义。     

近10年重庆市归一化植被指数变化分析

运用1 km分辨率经过Savitzky-Golay滤波技术平滑处理的SPOT/VGT数据,通过对1998~2007年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据、NDVI与气象因子的关系、10 a来NDVI变化率的空间分布以及NDVI与海拔高度的关系等进行分析,研究重庆市植被变化及空间分布情况。结果表明,重庆市NDVI年变化相对稳定,在空间上变化较大,东北及东南部分地区植被退化,而西部地区NDVI变化率增加,表明植被覆盖有所增多。另外引起NDVI时空变化的原因中,温度远大于降水量,海拔高度也与NDVI有较好的相关性。     

三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征

Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques. The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect. (7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water loss has obvious correlation with R. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077; Science & Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No.KJ070811; Doctoral Fund of Chongqing Normal University, No.06XLB004; Project by Chongqing Water Conservancy Bureau Author: Li Yuechen (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in the study of remote sensing application and land use/land cover change.     

Spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing

Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques. The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect. (7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water loss has obvious correlation with R.     

三峡库区山区农业生态系统转型

The Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is typical of an ecologically vulnerable area,comprised of rural and mountainous areas,and with high immigration.Because of its economic and ecologic importance,studying the traditional agroecosystem changes in the TGRA is key to rural development and revitalization.In this study,we apply a framework of theoretical analysis,empirical study,and trend prediction to the Caotangxi River watershed within the TGRA.Using QuickBird high-resolution remote sensing images from 2012 to 2017 to evaluate natural resources and farmers’behavior,we analyze the transition and trends in the traditional agroecosystem in mountainous areas of the TGRA at spatial scale of the man-land relationship.We find that the agroecosystem in the TGRA can be divided into four modes using 100 m interval buffer rings:high-low-low,high-low-high,low-high-low and low-low-high mode where the different modes represent the agricultural development stages in the TGRA.Furthermore,the traditional agroecosystem in TGRA,represented by system elements such as farmers and sloping farmland,is transforming to accommodate the diversification of farmer livelihoods.For example,sloping farmland,which was dominated by a production function,now has equal emphasis on ecological and economic functions.Spatially,the range of the agroecosystem transition has migrated beyond high mountain areas to flat valley areas.Generally,this study provides an overview of land use in rural areas,controls on soil and water loss in mountainous areas,and better rural living environments in the TGRA.