多晶铜轴对称变形织构的纵向塑性各向异性

应用Taylor类多晶体塑性模型对轴对称变形下多晶铜的变形织构进行了数值模拟,分析了变形过程中多晶铜屈服应力的各向异性演化情况;计算分2步:先对随机分布多晶集合体进行轴对称拉伸,然后分别沿已变形的多晶集合体的各方向再进行拉伸变形,得到了屈服应力的取向分布及纵向塑性各向异性的直观图像,为变形织构塑性各向异性力学行为的宏观模型描述提供了一个数值实验。     

基于Voronoi图理论的微体积成形数值建模及验证

数值模拟作为微塑性成形技术的核心方法之一,与实验相结合,能够减少工艺开发的时间和成本,具有经济和学术价值。文章基于Voronoi图理论,利用MATLAB和Python汇编语言建立了一种在ABAQUS软件中运行的多晶几何模型,对微塑性成形进行有限元建模和数值模拟,根据晶粒分布和取向特点以及表面层模型理论,修正宏观的Hall-Petch公式,建立了一种区域化本构模型,再利用所建立的几何模型和本构模型,通过有限元软件ABAQUS实现了微塑性成形的数值模拟。结果表明:三维多晶几何模型的数值模拟可以更真实地表现试样的晶粒形状,有限元多晶模型证实了尺度效应现象及晶粒分布的不均匀性;所建立的材料多晶几何模型和区域化本构模型具有一定的可靠性,提出的建模方法可用于分析微塑性成形过程的尺寸效应现象。     

合金元素比例对铜铅合金纳米拉伸力学特性的影响

铜铅合金由于铜的高塑性、高强度以及铅的自润滑功能,是经过实践检验证明的优良减磨材料,广泛应用于精密机械和航空航天领域中.为研究元素比例在铜铅合金材料纳米拉伸过程中对其力学特性的影响,采用Poisson-Voronoi和Monte Carlo方法建立大规模多晶铜分子动力学模型,在此基础上,采用混合蒙特卡洛/分子动力学方法(hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics, MC/MD)建立铜铅合金模型.根据真实铜铅合金比例成分建立具有不同铅原子比例的铜铅合金模型并与多晶铜纳米拉伸模型对比,模拟计算多晶体及铜铅合金的纳米拉伸过程,计算各模型的缺陷结构的配位数、内应力、原子势能等参数.结果表明:具有不同元素比例的铜铅合金纳米拉伸过程存在显著的规律性,铜铅合金和多晶铜的静水压力及势能分布相似,铅原子能够抑制铜铅合金晶界处位错的形核与扩展从而使合金材料结构更稳定,合金材料塑性变形过程中晶粒和晶界的势能变化特点相反,铅原子的加入主要影响晶界状态,晶界结构组成在合金塑性变形过程中具有主要作用.因而,通过改变铜铅合金中的元素比例,可改变合金材料各方面性能,本文的研究结果为制备高性能铜铅合金材料提供一定的理论指导.     

IN718单晶微柱体锯齿状变形的晶体塑性分析

为较为准确可靠地预测IN718合金服役于各种复杂工况下的力学响应,开展了位移控制条件下微米尺寸IN718合金单晶锯齿状变形行为的理论建模研究工作.首先,基于微压缩测试的实验观察,建立了能够较为真实反映位移控制下晶体材料变形的"变形块-弹簧"力学分析模型.进而,通过分析晶体材料锯齿状变形行为中的应变强化、流动法则、加卸载准则以及应变突变判据等建模要素,构建了描述该行为的连续化晶体塑性本构理论模型之后,应用该模型分别研究了单滑移与双滑移取向的IN718合金单晶微柱体的轴向压缩响应,并与对应微压缩实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,基于上述理论模型预测的IN718单晶柱体轴向力学响应出现了加载、卸载以及应变突变3种变形方式,呈现出明显的锯齿状变形行为,与对应实验测试结果具有很好的吻合性.基于连续介质框架构建的微尺度锯齿状塑性本构模型,可为经典的连续化晶体塑性理论在亚微米尺度领域的发展提供有力理论支撑.     

AZ31镁合金单晶初始屈服行为的数值模拟

为了研究镁合金单晶塑性流动规律,同时考虑滑移与孪生变形机制,在晶体塑性理论基础上建立镁合金晶体本构关系.结合有限元方法,针对AZ31镁合金单晶材料的初始屈服面形状变化开展数值研究,即分别对3种双轴加载下2种平移应变2×10-4和5×10-4的屈服面形状进行预测.由预测结果与试验数据比较分析得出以下结论:预测的2种平移应变的屈服面形状都呈扁长的环形,表现出单晶塑性各向异性性质;本质上,初始屈服面的形状变化是由细观变形机制的启动情况决定的;镁合金单晶应变硬化具有明显的运动硬化特征.     

多晶体、大变形的本构理论的晶体弹—塑性有限单元法

由面心立方晶体滑移特性而建立的矩阵形式的晶体弹塑性本构方程,根据滑移的泛函式,推导出了大变形条件下的晶体弹—塑性有限单元法的计算公式,并绘制了程序框图,对双晶铝试样采用八结点六面体等参单元进行了有限元计算,结果证明该方法是可行的。     

应力状态对316LN钢高温塑性的影响

对316LN钢在Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机上做高温拉伸实验,试样尺寸为○/10.0 mm×121.5 mm,缺口半径分别为0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mm和∞(光滑试样),温度为950℃!1200℃,应变速率为0.5 s-1,得到不同变形条件下试样的断面收缩率变化规律;通过数值模拟,得到开始拉伸时不同缺口拉伸试样最小横截面部位的应力三轴度分布.对比实验与数值模拟结果表明:316LN钢的高温塑性与应力三轴度和晶粒尺寸有关.如果晶粒尺寸相差不明显,应力三轴度起主导作用,应力三轴度越小,断面收缩率越大,塑性越好;如果晶粒尺寸相差明显,晶粒尺寸起主导作用,应力三轴度越小,断面收缩率越小,塑性越差.     

边坡稳定分析的颗粒流方法研究

传统的边坡稳定性分析采用刚塑性模型,事先假定滑动面,按极限平衡状态进行计算。滑移面的准确确定及参数选取对计算结果影响很大,此外土是一种散体材料,按采用连续性假设的弹性力学理论分析,在理论上矛盾。针对这一问题,采用颗粒流理论,给出了颗粒流模拟方法,首先对粘土试样的双轴试验进行了数值模拟,并结合摩尔-库仑破坏准则,得到细观参数对宏观特性的影响规律,然后模拟演示了粘性土坡在自重作用下变形破坏的全过程。模拟过程符合滑坡发生、发展、滑动的过程。说明了颗粒流方法模拟边坡变形破坏力学行为的可行性和优越性。     

基于三剪统一强度理论的多晶冰软化本构模型研究及应用

随着全球气候变暖的进一步加剧,山地冰川与极地冰川正加速消退,造成冰川发生大规模崩塌、滑塌的频率逐渐增加,开展多晶冰本构模型研究对于开展冰川稳定性分析和冰川多场耦合模拟具有重要的意义。基于三剪统一强度理论,建立了能够反映多晶冰软化特性的弹塑性本构模型,利用多晶冰常规三轴剪切试验结果对提出的本构模型进行了验证,结果表明提出的本构模型能够很好的描述多晶冰的轴向应变-偏应力及轴向应变-体应变行为。推导出弹塑性本构模型的有限差分格式,并写入到Flac3d数值软件中,利用单个单元对写入的本构模型正确性进行了验证;开展了圆柱状多晶冰试样常规三轴压缩数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。研究结果以期为冰川的稳定性评价、冰川多场耦合研究提供理论及数值模拟基础。     

AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金动态压缩行为数值模拟

为了研究帽状试样AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金在动态压缩变形过程中的温度、应力与应变演变规律,采用Johnson-Cook本构方程和累积塑性损伤方程进行了数值模拟,运用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟了AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金帽状试样的动态变形过程.结果表明,两种合金的裂纹萌生和扩展过程相似,局域化变形带内塑性应变由内向外对称分布.相比于AZ31B镁合金,6065铝合金的塑性应变影响区域更为狭小,其应变和应变率硬化效果更强.6065铝合金的变形温度能够达到其动态再结晶临界点,因而易于绝热剪切带的形成.     

On the tension necking of copper single crystal specimen under slip deformation mechanism

The tension necking of FCC copper single crystal specimen with a square cross section was analyzed under the slip deformation mechanism. The actual clamp manner of the specimen was modeled by setting correlative boundary condition,and the small angle deflection between tension loading axis and crystallography axis [100] was taken into account. The finite deformation numerical analysis of three-dimensional necking deformation for the specimen was performed by apply-ing crystal plasticity theory associated with a numerical algorithm suggested by the first author. According to the comparison with experimental observation,the fact was confirmed that the numerical results could describe the loading elongation curve of the copper single crystal specimen under large strain tension reasonably,and the method could be used to investigate the necking characteristic in neck shape and the effect due to the small angle deflection. Further,the investigation into the influence of specimen cross-section shape on necking was also performed;the results on mechanical response and neck profile evolution obtained through modeling of cylindrical specimen were compared with those obtained with square cross-section specimen.     

Modeling uniaxial tensile deformation of polycrystalline Al using CPFEM

The crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM) is realized in commercial finite element code ABAQUS with UMAT subroutine on the basis of the crystal plasticity theory of rate dependent polycrystal constitutive relations in the mesosocpic scale. The initial orientations obtained by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are directly input into the CPFEM to simulate the mechanical response of polycrystalline 1050 pure AI in uniaxial tensile deformation. Two polycrystal models and two tensile strain rates were used in the simulations. The stress-swain curves of tensile deformation were analyzed. The predictions and the corre-sponding experiment result show reasonable agreement and slight deviation with experiments. The flow true stress of strain rate 0.01 s-1 is higher than that of strain rate 0.001 s-1. At the strain less than 0.05, the stress saturated rate of the experiment is higher than the simulated results. However, the stress saturated rate of the experiment becomes gentler than the corresponding simulated predictions at the strain over 0.05. Also, necking was simulated by the two models, but the necking strain is not well predicted. Tensile textures at swain 0.25 were predicted at the low strain rate of 0.001 s-1. The predictions are in good accord with the experimental results.     

塑性变形条件下拉伸构件的磁记忆效应

通过对经退磁处理的光滑和切口试件在不同程度拉伸变形下的在线磁信号的测量,研究了塑性变形对磁记忆效应的影响.光滑试件在弹性和均匀塑性流动阶段磁场分布近似为斜直线,仅到颈缩后才在应力集中部位产生明显的磁场畸变;切口试件在屈服以后即出现畸变特征,基于位错理论分析了异常波波高增加的原因,利用磁信号水平线图可定性判断应力集中区破...     

Determination of work-hardening exponent for sheet metal using three-point method

Three characteristic points in the deformation history of a fractured tensile specimen are selected to calculate two values of n(n_1 and n_2 ) to represent the hardening ability of material during the homogeneous plastic deformation and the following large plastic deformation. Experimental results obtained with mild streel and red copper show that n determined using the three-point method proposed is better to describe the hardening ability of material. It is therefore concluded that three-point method can be used to describe the hardening property of material during both homogeneous deformation and large plastic deformation.     

拉应力对不同厚度Q345钢磁记忆信号的影响

为明确磁记忆信号与拉应力之间的对应关系和几何尺寸对试件表面磁场的影响,对Q345低合金钢不同厚度板状试件进行静载拉伸实验.利用TSC-1M-4型磁检测仪,研究3种厚度的光滑试件表面磁记忆信号在不同拉应力下的变化规律.结果表明:弹性阶段磁记忆信号与拉应力之间有较好的相关性,塑性阶段两者相关性较弱;切向磁记忆信号对试件局部屈服的表征比法向磁记忆信号更敏感,利用切向磁场的畸变性可预判试件的早期塑性变形和应力集中区;同一应力水平下,试件表面磁场强度随厚度增加而减小,但不影响其变化规律.     

镍基单晶高温合金不同温度下的拉伸性能

为了研究一种镍基单晶高温合金从室温到1100℃范围的拉伸变形与断裂行为,利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对拉伸断口及变形后位错组态进行观察和分析.结果表明：合金的屈服和抗拉强度均在约800℃时达到峰值,而塑性与强度的变化规律基本相反.室温和中温拉伸条件下,断口表现为解理断裂;而高温时则为微孔聚集型断裂.室温拉伸条件下,合金的主要变形方式为单根位错剪切γ′相;高温下为位错绕过γ′相;中温下则表现为由剪切到绕过的过渡.     

Influence of crystallographic orientation on growth behavior of spherical voids

The influence of crystallographic orientation on the void growth in FCC crystals was numerically simulated with 3D crystal plasticity finite element by using a 3D unit cell including a spherical void, and the rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory was implemented as a user material subroutine. The results of the simulations show that crystallographic orientation has significant influence on the growth behavior of the void. Different active slip systems of the regions around the void cause the discontinuity in lattice rotation around the void, and the corner-like region is formed. In the case of the void located at grain boundary, large heterogeneous deformation occurs between the two grains, and the equivalent plastic deformation along grain boundary near the void in the case of θ=45^o （θ is the angle between grain boundary direction and X-axis） is larger than the others. Large difference of orientation factor of the two grains leads to large equivalent plastic deformation along grain boundary, and the unit cell is more likely to fail by intergranular fracture.     

Modeling uniaxial tensile deformation of polycrystalline AI using CPFEM

The crystal plasticity finite element modeling （CPFEM） is realized in commercial finite element code ABAQUS with UMAT subroutine on the basis of the crystal plasticity theory of rate dependent polycrystal constitutive relations in the mesoscopic scale. The initial orientations obtained by electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） are directly input into the CPFEM to simulate the mechanical response of polycrystalline 1050 pure Al in uniaxial tensile deformation. Two polycrystal models and two tensile strain rates were used in the simulations. The stress-strain curves of tensile deformation were analyzed. The predictions and the corresponding experiment result show reasonable agreement and slight deviation with experiments. The flow true stress of strain rate 0.01 s^-1 is higher than that of strain rate 0.001 s^-1. At the strain less than 0.05, the stress saturated rate of the experiment is higher than the simulated results. However, the stress saturated rate of the experiment becomes gentler than the corresponding simulated predictions at the strain over 0.05. Also, necking was simulated by the two models, but the necking strain is not well predicted. Tensile textures at strain 0.25 were predicted at the low strain rate of 0.001 s^-1. The predictions are in good accord with the experimental results. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.