检测Epstein-Barr病毒特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞方法的建立及其初步研究

目的建立一种非放射性、简便易行的可检测特异性细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞的方法，并且初步应用于Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒的细胞免疫应答。方法用重组的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１痘苗病毒、ＴＫ＋痘苗病毒和杆状病毒系统表达的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１蛋白分别免疫Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ小鼠，用Ｐ８１５细胞和乳酸脱氢酶法检测ＥＢ病毒特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞的杀伤效应。结果重组ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰＩ痘苗病毒免疫组原发ＣＴＬ水平和体外诱生的二次ＣＴＬ水平均高于ＴＫ＋痘苗病毒免疫组和正常组；杆状病毒系统表达的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１蛋白免疫组的ＣＴＬ水平也明显高于正常鼠。结论本法可以较好的反映ＥＢ病毒特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞的水平，而且再一次说明ＬＭＰ１基因能够诱发特异性的细胞免疫。     

特异性细胞毒性T细胞检测方法的建立及其在重组痘苗病毒活疫苗细胞免疫研究中的应用

报道了用ＣＢＡ／Ｊ小鼠、Ｌ９２９细胞及ＭＴＴ比色法建立的特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）的检测方法及其在重组痘苗病毒活疫苗细胞免疫研究中的应用。通过检测痘菌病毒特异性初发ＣＴＬ的动态变化及其二次反应ＣＴＬ，表明，本法能较好地检测初发及二次反应ＣＴＬ水平的变化。用本法检测了不同启动子控制下的表达Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｓ（ＥＢ）病毒膜抗原（ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ）的重组痘菌病毒ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ特异性ＣＴＬ、以及与表达人白细胞介素－２的重组痘苗病毒联合免疫时的ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ特异性ＣＴＬ。结果表明，Ｐ７５００启动子表达的ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ比Ｐ１１０００启动子表达的ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ诱导的ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ特异性ＣＴＬ高，但无显著性差异。当上述重组痘苗病毒与表达人白细胞介素－２的重组痘苗病毒联合免疫时，均能使二者的ＥＢＶ－ＭＡ特异性ＣＴＬ增高，但增高幅度本身及其二者之间均无显著性差异。     

重组rAAV-LMP诱导的特异性细胞毒T细胞对LMP阳性靶细胞的识别与杀伤

在正常个体中Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ（ＥＢ）病毒是由病毒特异性细胞毒Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）所控制，虽不能清除病毒，却对于控制细胞处于潜伏感染状态是必需的。抽取病人血分离淋巴细胞，在实验室制备ＥＢ病毒特异性ＣＴＬ，然后回输到病人体内，具有预防和治疗ＥＢ病毒相关疾病的意义。我们将ＥＢ病毒潜伏感染膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）基因重组到腺病毒伴随病毒载体ｐＡＣＰ中去，与包装质粒Ａｄ８共转染已感染了Ⅱ型腺病毒的２９３细胞，获得重组病毒ｒＡＡＶ－ＬＭＰ，用此病毒感染淋巴细胞并表达ＬＭＰ，用高能Ｘ线照射灭活，与自体淋巴细胞共培养产生特异性ＣＴＬ。以ＥＢ病毒转化的类淋巴母细胞作靶细胞与ＣＴＬ反应，用ＢＬＴ活性法测定ＣＴＬ活性。结果表明，４株ＣＴＬ均能够识别和杀伤对应的靶细胞，并且随着ＣＴＬ数量的增加和反应时间的延长，上清中ＢＬＴ活性也增强。     

含HPV16 E7的嵌合型VLPs引发细胞溶解反应

目的 探讨ＢＰＶ（牛乳头状瘤病毒）Ｌ１／ＨＰＶ（人乳头状瘤病毒）１６Ｅ７嵌合型乳头状瘤病毒样颗粒（ＶＩＰｓＸ）的免疫学特性。方法 将表达纯化的含ＢＰＶＬ１／ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７的嵌合型ＶＬＰｓ作为抗原在体外刺激ＥＬ－４细胞并对其进行细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）反应分析。结果 嵌合型ＶＬＰｓ可引发特异的ＣＴＬ反应。Ｌ１－ＶＬＰｓ抗体能阻断这种特异性细胞溶解反应。结论 含ＢＰＶＬ１／ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７嵌合型的Ｖ     

人巨细胞病毒基质蛋白PP150是CTL识别的提呈抗原之一

用痘苗病毒载体ＰＳＣ１１构建编码人巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）基质蛋白ＰＰ１５０的重组痘苗病毒，刺激５例血清ＣＭＶ阳性供体全部诱导出ＰＰ１５０特异性细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）反应。ＰＰ１５０特异性ＣＴＬ不仅能溶解Ｖａｃ．ＰＰ１５０感染细胞，也溶解ＣＭＶ感染细胞。在病毒感染早期（２小时）和用ＲＮＡ合成抑制剂ＡｃｔＤ阻止感染细胞病毒基因转录的条件下，ＰＰ１５０特异性ＣＴＬ能同样有效地溶解ＣＭＶ感染细胞。提示随病毒颗粒渗入的ＰＰ１５０在ＣＭＶＤＮＡ复制前即能有效地被提呈。上述结果表明，ＰＰ１５０是ＣＴＬ识别的抗原之一。     

Epstein—Barr病毒潜伏膜蛋白2A重组痘苗病毒转染DC及特异性CTL的体外诱导

通过ＥＢ病毒ＬＭＰ２Ａ重组痘苗病毒转染的ＤＣＳ体外诱导ＬＭＰ２Ａ特异性ＣＴＬ,并通过ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４和ＴＮＦ－ａ培养体系,我们诱导出了人外周血单核细胞来源的ＤＣ。同时选用在鼻咽癌患者中表达的ＥＢ病毒潜伏蛋白之一ＬＭＰ２Ａ作为靶基因,利用重组痘苗病毒转染诱导的ＤＣＳ。ＤＣＳ与自体ＰＢＭＣＳ混合培养,在ＩＬ－２的刺激作用下获得特异性ＣＴＬ。结果如下：１．人外周血单核细胞经ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－４、ＴＮＦ－ａ的混合培养,１０天可获得成熟的功能性ＤＣＳ。ＦＡＣＳ检测显示ＤＣ表面相对特异性标志ＣＤ８３…     

人脐带血抗巨细胞病毒和EB病毒的特异性细胞毒？…

目的：探讨用人的脐带血单个核细胞体外同时扩增对抗ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）和巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ的特异性细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞的可行性。方法：利用人的脐带血单个核细胞（ＣＢＭＣ）,通过ＥＢＶ感染转化成Ｂ成淋巴细胞细胞株（ＢＬＣＬ）,再通过逆转录病毒载体,将ＣＭＶ蛋白基因ｐｐ６５导入ＢＬＣＬ,用这种细胞体外刺激同一供者脐带血的ＣＢＭＣ产生细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＴＬ）,经「＾５１Ｃｒ」释放实验（ＣＲＡ）检测产生的ＣＴＬ     

系统性红斑狼疮患者B淋巴细胞EBV-LMP1和ZEBRA的表达研究

目的：探讨ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１和ＺＥＢＲＡ在系统性红斑狼疮患者（ＳＬＥ）的表达情况。方法：间接荧光免疫标记，流式细胞仪检测。结果：ＳＬＥ患者Ｂ淋巴细胞中ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１和ＺＥＢＲＡ的表达显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。活动期患者ＣＤ２３＋细胞ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１和ＺＥＢＲＡ的表达率均高于ＣＤ１９＋细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。非活动期患者ＣＤ２３＋细胞ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１表达也高于ＣＤ１９＋细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。但ＥＢＶ－ＺＥＢＲＡ表达在两亚群间差异没有统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：朋病毒参与了ＳＬＥ的发病机制，病毒主要以潜伏期状态存在于患者中，病毒复制促进病情发展，检测Ｂ淋巴细胞ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１和ＺＥＢＲＡ的表达率，有助于病情活动指标的判断。     

EB病毒壳抗原gp125的表达和初步应用

以痘苗病毒为载体克隆了Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）壳抗原（ＶＣＡ）的基因，重组痘苗病毒在感染细胞表达蛋白产物。用间接免疫荧光，免疫印迹技术和免疫电镜确定反应的特异性。表达产物位于细胞浆内和核内，胞浆内大量集聚，致使核偏向一侧分子量约为１０００００。重组痘苗病毒免疫血清能特异性地与Ｂ９５－８细胞浆内的抗原反应。用重组病毒感染的细胞为靶细胞，并以Ｂ９５－８细胞和天坛株痘苗病毒感染的细胞分别为     

EB病毒编码的RNA及EB病毒潜在膜蛋白在中线T淋巴瘤中的表达

应用免疫组化和原位杂交技术及抗ＥＢ病毒潜在膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ－１）单克隆抗体和ＥＢ病毒编码的ＲＮＡ（ＥＢＥＲ－１）探针对９例中线Ｔ淋巴瘤（ＭＴＬ）进行了ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）检测。结果显示：８例肿瘤细胞核ＥＢＥＲ－１阳性；７例肿瘤细胞膜和胞浆ＬＭＰ－１阳性。结果表明：（１）ＥＢＶ与我国的ＭＴＬ存在密切关系，很可能在其发病中起着重要作用；（２）ＥＢＶ在ＭＴＬ的检出率高于全身其它部位和其它类型的周围型Ｔ淋巴瘤；（３）ＥＢＥＲ－１原位杂交和ＬＭＰ－１免疫组化在检测ＭＴＬ中ＥＢＶ方面都很敏感、可靠，而后者更经济简便。     

Effective induction of type 1 cytotoxic T cell responses in mice with DNA vaccine encoding two hepatitis C virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes

The aims of this study were to explain whether a multiple cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope-based anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) DNA vaccine can induce specific CTL responses to each HCV CTL epitope independently and long-term CD8(+) T cell memory responses, and to determine the cytokine secretion pattern and subtype of epitope-specific cytotoxic T cells. A multi-CTL epitope gene, which consists of two epitopes of HCV (H-2(d)-restricted HCV core(133142) and E1(315322)), was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1. BALB/c mice (H-2(d) restricted) were vaccinated intramuscularly with this multi-CTL epitope-based DNA vaccine. The epitope-specific CTLs against target cells (P815,H-2(d) restricted) pulsed with various CTL epitope peptides were detected by lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and the precursor frequency of epitope-specific CTLs was determined by limiting dilution analysis. Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, and interferon-) in culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The multi-CTL epitope-based DNA vaccine directed against two HCV CTL epitopes could induce specific CTL responses to each of the two CTL epitopes independently and long-term CD8(+) T cell memory responses. The epitope-specific cytotoxic T cells produced helper T cell type 1 cytokines. This work demonstrated that multiepitope DNA vaccination is a potential strategy to control HCV infection.     

The induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes by bluetongue virus

Summary After inoculation with live bluetongue virus, mice produced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which showed virus and H-2 restriction. Inactivated preparations failed to induce CTLs. On secondaryin vitro stimulation, specifically sensitised memory cells also produced high numbers of CTLs. The need for replicating virus to induce primary CTLs, evidence for partial type specificity and the role which cell-mediated immunity might play in the early stages of a bluetongue virus infection are discussed.With 1 Figure     

H-2 restriction and serotype crossreactivity of anti-reovirus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

Murine anti-reovirus cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were analyzed for H-2 restricted recognition of virus infected target cells and for potential cross-reactivity with cells infected by reovirus serotype 1 (T1; Lang strain) or by serotype 3 (T3; Dearing strain). Anti-reovirus CTL specifically lysed virus infected cells and lysis was shown to be H-2 restricted by the H-2Dd, H-2Ld, H-2Kd, H-2Kb, and H-2Kk antigens. No H-2 antigens were identified which failed to restrict virus recognition by anti-reovirus CTL. Anti-T1 and anti-T3 CTLs were also shown to crossreact completely with cells infected with the opposite virus serotype. Thus, anti-reovirus CTLs are restricted by a broad spectrum of H-2 antigens and they detect common rather than unique structural components of these two viral serotypes.     

PRRSV M 蛋白细胞系的培育及其在细胞毒性T淋巴细胞检测方法中的应用

目的 探讨PRRSV M基因在哺乳动物细胞NIH/3T3细胞中的表达,建立一种非放射性、简便易行的检测特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞的方法.方法 应用RT-PCR扩增得到M基因并克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3,构建成重组表达载体pcDNA3-M;将重组质粒转染至NIH/3T3细胞,G418筛选克隆;IFA检测M蛋白在转基因NIH/3T3细胞中的表达.用表达M蛋白的重组腺病毒rAd-M免疫小鼠,用表达M蛋白的NIH/3T3细胞和乳酸脱氢酶法检测PRRSV特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞的杀伤效应. 结果 获得有G418抗性的NIH/3T3/M细胞克隆;IFA检测到有PRRSV M蛋白表达.重组腺病毒rAd-M免疫组可以诱发CTL应答,并明显高于wtAd和PBS对照组. 结论 培育成功一株能表达PRRSV M蛋白的细胞株NIH/3T3/M,可作为PRRSV CTL检测方法中的靶细胞,证明PRRSV M基因能够诱发特异性的细胞免疫.     

The reovirus-specific cytotoxic T cell response is not restricted to serotypically unique epitopes associated with the virus hemagglutinin

Reovirus, a virus that contains neither an envelope nor glycosylated polypeptides, has been found to induce virus-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The cytotoxic T cells require in vitro stimulation in the presence of virus to phenotypically express cytotoxic activity. Utilizing reovirus types 1 and 3, the CTLs derived from mice infected with one serotype can lyse target cells infected with a second serotype of reovirus. In addition, lymphocytes primed in vivo with one serotype develop into fully functional CTLs during in vitro stimulation with the other serotype of reovirus. Therefore, these results suggest that reovirus induced CTLs are virus, but not serotype specific. Common determinants shared by reovirus polypeptides from reovirus types 1 and 3 are most likely the stimuli for the majority of CTLs responses to reovirus.     

H-2-linked murine cytotoxic T cell responses specific for sendai virus-infected cells.

CBA (H-2k) mouse-derived lymphochoriomeningitis virus and herpes simplex virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse virus-infected target cells compatible on either the H-2k or H-2D region. In contrast, CBA, C3H and AKR (H-2k) mouse-derived sendai virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) fail to lyse H-2D-compatible virus-infected cells. A similar lack of H-2D region-associated lytic activity was found with C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 (H-2b) mice as well as with the recombinants B10.A (2R) [Kb-Db] and B10.A (4R) [Kk-Db]. On the other hand, BALB/c (H-2d) mice and A/J (H-2a) mice do generate H-2Dd-associated sendai virus-specific CTL. These results are in contrast to those obtained with (CBA X BALB/c)F1 and B10.HTT [Ks-Dd] mice, which failed to mount Dd region-associated CTL responses. It is concluded that D region-associated sendai virus-specific CTL responsiveness varies with the H-2 genotype of the responder cells.     

Alloantigen pretreatment induces a down-regulation of the in vivo subsequent development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against linked alloantigens

In the present study, we describe a new regulatory system that influences the in vivo development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and that could be related to epitopic suppression. Epitopic suppression has been previously shown to occur when carrier-primed mice are subsequently immunized with a "new" epitope coupled to the priming carrier. The suppression specifically inhibited the antibody response to the "new" epitope without affecting the secondary antibody response to the carrier. In this report, using a carrier/hapten-carrier type of immunization protocol, we have demonstrated that a similar regulatory system could also affect the induction of CTL directed against allogeneic cells. Priming mice with an alloantigen 1 (carrier) inhibits the induction of alloantigen 2 (hapten)-specific cytotoxic responses when the alloantigen 2 is presented in association with the alloantigen 1 on an F1 stimulator cell (hapten-carrier conjugate). This has been demonstrated by the specific decrease of anti-H-2b or anti-H-2d CTL responses generated in C3H/He mice (H-2k) previously primed with, respectively, H-2d or H-2b spleen cells before immunization with F1 (H-2d x b) spleen cells. This suppression of the CTL responses against the second immunizing alloantigen is associated with a strong CTL response against the first priming alloantigen. The induction of the suppression is dependent on the dose of H-2d spleen cells administered before immunization with F1 spleen cells and is not related to antigen elimination since a strong suppression of the CTL response against H-2b antigens is shown following immunization with a mixture of F1 cells and H-2b-bearing cells of H-2d-primed animals.     

Secondary cytotoxic allograft response in vitro. I. Antigenic requirements

The antigenic requirementsfor in vitro induction of secondary murine cytotoxic allograft responses were tested. The proliferative responses were assayed by the [³H]thymidine uptake technique; the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was tested in a ⁵¹Cr-cytotoxicity assay. Spleen cells from normal or alloantigen preimmunized CBA mice (H-2^k) were used as responder cells. Allogeneic x-irradiated splenic lymphocytes (normal stimulator cells) were UV light treated, heat treated or glutaradehyde fixed and subsequently tested for their capacity to induce CTL in a primary or secondary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In addition allogeneic fibroblasts were tested as stimulator cells. The results obtained suggest that although they fail to trigger significant proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses, in a primary MLC certain allogeneic stimulator cells, are able to induce strong cytotoxic T cell activity in a secondary MLC. The generation of these secondary CTL is preceded by only marginal cell proliferation.     

An influenza haemagglutinin-specific IgG enhances class I MHC-restricted CTL killing in vitro.

Lungs of H-2k mice co-inoculated with type A/WSN influenza virus+detective interfering WSN virus contain haemagglutinin (HA)-specific IgG which have three different activities. These have been purified by adsorbtion and elution using different forms of HA. The first IgG recognizes HA in a form present on H-2k cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the WSN HA gene (vaccinia-HA virus), but not on virus particles, and enhances class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted killing of WSN-infected H-2k target cells by primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from the lungs of WSN-infected H-2k mice; it also confers on primary CTL from the lungs of WSN-infected H-2d mice the ability to lyse WSN-infected H-2k targets. This IgG is therefore analogous to the T-cell receptor in that it is antigen specific and MHC restricted. A second IgG recognizes HA in a form present on both H-2k and H-2d cells infected with the vaccinia-HA virus but not present on virus particles and inhibits CTL lysis of WSN-infected syngeneic target cells. Only the third binds to virus particles; this inhibits agglutination of red cells, but is non-neutralizing. It also inhibits CTL lysis of WSN-infected syngeneic targets. Thus we present evidence that HA-specific IgG may have a significant role in regulating CTL responses to influenza virus in vivo and that one of these IgG is MHC-restricted in its recognition of viral antigen. Finally, in vivo significance of these antibodies is indicated by the finding that adoptively transferred CTL-enhancing IgG protects mice from lethal WSN infection.