低温水等离子体活化和表面接枝DMAE聚氯乙烯中空纤维膜研究

采用低温水等离子体技术,在三通道聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜表面接枝了甲基丙烯氧基苄基二甲基氯化铵(DMAE)单体,增强了膜亲水和抗菌性能。通过红外分析,表明DMAE成功接枝到了PVC膜上,水通量提高两倍,PVC-ir-H₂O膜(通过水等离子体处理的膜)对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的吸附能力下降67%,对BSA溶液的通量从7.7提高至40 kg?m^-2?h^-1,并且对BSA的截留能力不变。通过静态及动态抗菌实验,接枝后的PVC膜（PVC-g-PMAE膜）抗菌率达到100%,膜组件运行中的抗菌率也达到82%以上。在保证细菌截留率100%的同时,其渗透通量提高三倍。该膜表面修饰工程技术能实现膜表面的均一化改性,且绿色环保、操作简便、成本低,改性膜在饮用水处理领域,尤其是家用净水器中展现了很好的应用前景。     

表面改性剂对Zn-Mg-Al水滑石热稳定剂的性能影响

对共沉淀法合成的Zn-Mg-Al水滑石进行表面改性,并采用转矩流变仪、静态热老化法评价其作为PVC热稳定剂的性能,重点考察了表面改性剂的种类对其热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,以聚乙二醇为表面改性剂,制备的改性Zn-Mg-Al水滑石抑制PVC的初期着色效果最佳,长期热稳定性能较优。此外,考察了Zn/Mg摩尔比对聚乙二醇改性Zn-Mg-Al水滑石热稳定性能的影响。当Zn/Mg摩尔比为1：3或1：7时,制备的改性Zn-Mg-Al水滑石对PVC的热稳定性能较好。与传统Mg-Al水滑石相比,聚乙二醇改性Zn-Mg-Al水滑石抑制PVC的初期着色性能力更佳。     

离子交换膜改性的研究现状及发展趋势

离子交换膜已广泛应用于化工、废水治理等工业领域。但是,目前所使用的离子交换膜选择透过性低、机械强度差、抗污染能力弱,对离子交换膜进行改性可以改善这些性能。综述了离子交换膜的改性方法,包括组成改性（表面改性和掺杂改性）和结构改性（中空纤维结构改性和增加膜基质孔隙率改性）。通过对这些方法进行分析对比得出：表面改性和掺杂改性,以聚合物为添加剂,技术简单、易操作,并且能够提高膜的综合性能,是膜改性的重要发展方向;中空纤维结构改性,由于膜的使用条件严格、清洗困难,目前得不到广泛应用,但是中空纤维结构改性使膜的结构从根本上发生了改变,这是膜改性的一个重要途径;增加膜的孔隙率只适合多孔膜的改性,这种方法研究较少。     

聚四氟乙烯膜亲水改性及在工业污水处理中的应用进展

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜因化学性能稳定、耐高温、耐酸碱等特点被广泛应用在化工、纺织、环境、食品等领域。然而,由于PTFE材料的强疏水性和极低表面能,使得PTFE膜润湿性差,难以处理水性溶液,限制了其应用。对近年来常用的钠-萘溶液处理、等离子体接枝、多巴胺改性、表面活性剂改性等PTFE膜亲水改性方法进行了综述。相关研究表明,亲水改性后的PTFE膜可以用于污水处理、膜蒸馏、膜生物反应器等领域。最后对PTFE膜亲水改性的发展趋势进行了展望。     

PVDF微孔膜亲水化改性研究进展

PVDF材料由于其优良的物理化学性质被普遍应用于生活、化工领域,但由于其表面疏水,在使用过程中又易受污染,限制了PVDF材料在水处理方面的应用。本文从PVDF微孔膜亲水改性研究进展出发,对比了不同改性方法的特点并对其进行阐述,主要总结了近年来文献中PVDF膜的亲水改性方法及改性膜的亲水性、水通量和抗污染性能,最后对改性研究进行展望。     

SiO2改进PVC材料性能的研究进展

对SiO_2的表面改性方法及其对PVC材料力学性能、热学性能、光学性能的影响研究现状进行了总结。结果表明:SiO_2/PVC复合材料综合性能优于纯PVC材料,具有良好发展前景,其中表面改性的纳米SiO_2可以提高PVC力学性能及热性能,表面改性的微米SiO_2可以改进PVC消光性能。     

PVC膜改性助剂PVDF/PS-SO3H/GMS的制备

将聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和阳离子交换树脂(PS-SO3H)、单甘酯(GMS)以适当的比例充分混合均匀,经造粒机挤出即得到新型PVC膜改性助剂。最佳工艺条件为:配比PVDF/PS-SO3H/GMS为82∶14∶4,用于PVC膜混合料,PVC树脂/PVC膜改性助剂的最佳配比为85∶15,加入膜改性助剂后,膜制品的透水率得到提高,力学性能也有所改善。     

分离膜亲水改性技术专利申请状况与发展

通过对分离膜亲水改性技术领域的专利申请进行检索和分析,主要从膜材料亲水改性和膜表面亲水改性两个角度出发,综述了目前对疏水性分离膜的亲水化改性方法,对我国该领域的发展提出建议。     

PVC薄膜自黏性研究

采用流延法制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）自黏膜,通过数字高阻计、原子力显微镜、视频光学接触角测量仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪等研究了增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）含量、增黏剂种类及含量、薄膜厚度、表面粗糙度、表面张力、表面析出物对PVC膜自黏性的影响。结果表明,PVC膜的自黏强度随增塑剂含量增加而增加;增黏剂的加入极大地改善了PVC膜的自黏性,其中萜烯树脂増黏效果最好;PVC膜的自黏性与薄膜的表面能有很大的关系。     

活性硅醇改性PVC膜的研究

以廉价的水玻璃为原料,用酸化法从水玻璃中得到硅的有机化合物——活性硅醇,并将活性硅醇直接掺杂到PVC膜中。实验结果表明:用活性硅醇掺杂,流涎法制得的PVC膜,硅在PVC膜中的分布均匀,粒径在10μm以下;硅改性后的PVC膜耐热性有了较为明显的改善。活性硅醇改性PVC膜经NaOH浓溶液处理溶去其中的SiO_2粒子后,形成了具有均匀微小孔洞的膜。其孔径与SiO_2粒子的粒径相近。通过控制活性硅醇在PVC膜中的质量分数制备含有不同孔径的PVC膜。     

Evaluation of biocides for treatment of polyvinyl chloride film

The results of a study to determine the biological stability of clear, colorless, biocide-treated PVC film are presented. With the exception of a resistant control, all the PVC film samples tested contained a plasticizer susceptible to biological deterioration. Biocide-treated and control PVC film samples were subjected to biological attack in soil burial. Portions of each sample were exposed to leaching and to weathering in a weatherometer followed by soil burial to test the stability of each biocide to loss by water and weathering exposure. Of the 32 biocide preparations tested only 2, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide and copper 8-quinolinolate, a known effective reference compound, were found to provide good protection for treated film in direct soil burial and in soil burial following leaching and weatherometer exposure. Natural weathering outdoors confirmed the results found with weatherometer exposed samples. The N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide was less effective than the reference compound in suppressing surface growth. In addition, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide may not be compatible with all PVC formulations.     

Formation of conjugated carbon bonds on poly(vinyl chloride) films by microwave‐discharge oxygen‐plasma treatments

Conjugated polyene bonds on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were rapidly formed by the treatment of oxygen plasma produced by microwave discharge. Changes affecting the formation of conjugated carbon bonds on PVC were studied with respect to plasma emission diagnostic and surface properties of the film with fluorescence, refractant absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of polyene bonds on the film surface was responsible for both the dechlorination and dehydrogenation of PVC in the plasma atmosphere. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 589–594, 2005     

One simple and stable coating of mixed‐charge copolymers on poly(vinyl chloride) films to improve antifouling efficiency

An antifouling surface is highly desirable for many biomedical applications. In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were endowed with the improved properties of resisting nonspecific protein adsorption and platelet adhesion simply through being coated with a kind of mixed‐charge zwitterionic polymer, poly(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate–methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride–glycidyl methacrylate) (PSTG), with random moieties of negatively charged 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium, positively charged [2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride, and glycidyl methacrylate. The PSTG‐grafted PVC films were formed by the simple immersion of an amino‐functionalized PVC film into a PSTG solution. A grafting density of 220.84 µg/cm² of PSTG4‐grafted PVC film was successfully obtained. The PSTG4‐grafted PVC film showed a lower contact angle (37.5 °) than the ungrafted PVC film (98.3 °). The in vitro protein adsorption results show that the bovine serum albumin adsorption amount decreased 6.72 µg/cm² in the case of the PSTG4‐grafted PVC film, whereas that on the ungrafted PVC film was 28.54 µg/cm². So, PSTG‐grafted PVC films could be promising materials for medical devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44632.     

石墨烯/二氧化钛对PVC薄膜性能影响

以石墨粉和三氯化钛为原料,通过Hummers和水解法制备得石墨烯/二氧化钛(G/TiO₂),将G/TiO₂作为填料添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中,探究其对PVC薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,添加G/TiO₂提高了PVC薄膜的力学性能、抗静电性能和耐紫外老化性能。添加G/TiO₂的PVC薄膜的拉伸强度由纯PVC薄膜的12.79 MPa提升至22.74 MPa,提高了77.80%,断裂伸长率由77.73%提升至98.23%,提高了26.37%,表面电阻由大于1.034×10¹²Ω降低至8.156×10⁵Ω,达到抗静电材料要求;经过150 h紫外老化后,纯PVC薄膜的拉伸强度由12.79 MPa降低至8.49 MPa,下降了33.62%;添加G/TiO₂的PVC薄膜的拉伸强度由22.74 MPa降低至18.54 MPa,仅下降18.64%。     

Preparation and application of an ultraviolet curable coating containing nanoscale α‐aluminum oxide

This study focuses on the preparation of an organic–inorganic ultraviolet (UV) curable coating containing the nanoscale α‐aluminum oxide (α‐Al₂O₃) powder and UV curable resin. This developed coating can form a protection film on the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic tile surface. Thus, the abrasion resistance of the PVC plastic tile surface is improved. Besides, the adhesion between this UV cured film and the PVC plastic tile surface is well. After treatment with the UV curable coating that contains 6 wt % α‐Al₂O₃, the abrasion resistance of the PVC plastic tile surface can be improved up to 57%. From the result of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping photograph, it shows that the nanoscale α‐Al₂O₃ powder is well dispersed in the cured coating film. Under the wavelength of the visible light in the range of 400–800 nm, the degree of transparency for the coated film on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheet is about 82–90%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5747–5752, 2006     

提高PVC型材表面张力的研究

在PVC型材覆膜之前,通常采用清洗剂来去除脱模剂以提高其表面张力,但清洗剂会污染环境。为了解决此问题,进行了机械抛光试验,考察了其提高PVC型材表面张力的效果。结果表明:采用软毛刷进行逆向抛光,当压人深度为5-10 mm时,可使PVC型材的表面张力达到覆膜的要求。     

Effects of polyvinyl chloride and aluminum trichloride on structure and property of polyaniline composite films by electron beam deposition

Polyaniline (PANI) composite films were prepared on silicon and quartz glass substrates by electron beam deposition (EBD), using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), aluminum trichloride (AlCl₃), and mixture of PVC and AlCl₃ as dopants. Molecular structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties of PANI composite films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, four‐probe method, and atomic force microscope. The results show that PANI film prepared by EBD has a similar molecular structure with initial powder. PVC is dehydrochlorinated under electron beam irradiation, but HCl fails to protonate the quinoid site of PANI during films deposition. AlCl₃ doped in PANI films induces the decrease of surface resistance and the formation of a two‐layered morphological structure in composite film. In addition, AlCl₃ enhances the decomposition of PVC and increases the surface resistance of (AlCl₃, PVC)‐doped PANI composite film. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of surface properties on the adhesion between PVC and wood veneer laminates

The interface between plastic and wood fibers strongly influences the mechanical properties of a plastic/wood-fiber composite. This paper presents a means for evaluating the effectiveness of surface treatment on the wood-fibers in the PVC/wood-fiber composites by investigating the adhesion between PVC and laminated wood veneers. Wood veneers were first treated with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, dichlorodiethylsilane, phthalic anhydride, and maleated polypropylene for surface modification. The chemical modification made on the wood surfaces was then characterized using different complementary surface analytical techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. The surface tension was determined from the equation of state for interfacial tensions and the measured contact angles of glycerol sessile drops on the wood veneers (both untreated and treated) and on PVC using the Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis–Contact Diameter (ADSA-CD) approach. The adhesion property was evaluated by measuring the tensile shear strength of single lap joints between two wood veneers bonded with a PVC film. The adhesion between PVC and wood veneer laminates was significantly improved when wood veneers were treated with amino-silane, while no improvement was observed for the other adhesion promoters. Our experimental results indicate that matching the surface tension is not sufficient to ensure good adhesion between PVC and wood veneers.     

聚氯乙烯无滴消雾膜

介绍聚氯乙烯无滴消雾膜。在PVC中 ,添加各类非离子表面活性剂和消雾助剂 ,使膜具有好的无滴性 ,可有效提高棚内温度、降低湿度、增加光照、防止作物病虫害