纳米材料在提高采收率中的研究进展?

近年来，纳米材料因其有吸引力的物化特性已在生物医药、电子储能、保护涂层等领域发挥重要作用。随着石油资源的需求不断增加和开采难度提高，石油勘探和提高石油采收率技术需要不断创新，以满足未来对碳氢燃料的需求。将功能化的纳米材料与提高采收率技术结合，可以改善驱替剂的流变性能，改变储层岩石的润湿性、降低油水界面张力、提高原油的流动性等，进一步提高原油采收率，为油田的有效、可持续开发提供新的技术手段。本文首先综述了当前在提高采收率领域中的应用较多的几类纳米材料；之后，对纳米材料在提高采收率中的作用机理做了总结；最后，讨论了纳米材料在提高采收率技术中存在的问题，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

纳米技术在油田应用中的最新研究进展

综述了纳米技术在油田钻井液、油田管道防腐、清洁压裂液、固井、稠油降粘等中的作用机理和现场应用、存在的问题,同时对其在油田中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Emerging applications of nanomaterials in chemical enhanced oil recovery:Progress and perspective

In enhanced oil recovery, different chemical methods utilization improves hydrocarbon recovery due to their fascinating abilities to alter some critical parameters in porous media, such as mobility control, the interaction between fluid to fluid, and fluid to rock surface. For decades the use of surfactant and polymer flooding has been used as tertiary recovery methods. In the current research, the inclusion of nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery injection fluids solely or in the presence of other chemicals has got colossal interest. The emphasis of this review is on the applicability of nanofluids in the chemical enhanced oil recovery. The responsible mechanisms are an increment in the viscosity of injection fluid, decrement in oil viscosity, reduction in interfacial and surface tension, and alteration of wettability in the rock formation. In this review, important parameters are presented,which may affect the desired behavior of nanoparticles, and the drawbacks of nanofluid and polymer flooding and the need for a combination of nanoparticles with the polymer are discussed. Due to the lack of literature in defining the mechanism of nanofluid in a reservoir, this paper covers majorly all the previous work done on the application of nanoparticles in chemical enhanced oil recovery at home conditions. Finally, the problems associated with the nano-enhanced oil recovery are outlined, and the research gap is identified, which must be addressed to implement polymeric nanofluids in chemical enhanced oil recovery.     

用于提高石油采收率的纳米技术研究进展

对近年来纳米技术在提高原油采收率方面的应用作了较详细的介绍和评述。其中包括由表面活性剂和疏水改性纳米粒子组成的纳米乳液、纳米粒子增强的粘弹表面活性剂体系、固体纳米粒子稳定的CO2气体泡沫和纳米分子沉积膜的作用机理及提高采收率的应用效果;还包括微-纳米颗粒封堵技术、纳米降压增注技术、纳米材料改性破乳技术、尤其是油藏纳米机器人等技术在石油开发方面的应用;并提出了应用于提高石油采收率领域的纳米技术发展方向。     

表面活性剂在油气开采和集输中的应用及前景

从表面活性剂在油气开采中的作用入手,分析和总结了氟碳表面活性剂在石油工业上、中游中的应用,并展望了几类新型结构的氟碳表面活性剂的发展前景。     

油气回收吸附剂研究现状

简单介绍了吸收法、冷凝法、膜分离法等油气回收技术,重点论述了吸附法油气回收技术的研究现状,对油气回收用活性炭吸附剂的研究开发进行了分析,综述了活性炭不同指标对油气吸附的影响。分析表明,开发高性能活性炭用于油气回收很有意义。     

炼厂尾气回收压缩机油的研制

结合炼厂尾气压缩机结构紧凑、工作条件苛刻、工作介质复杂等特点,采用聚α-烯烃和季戊四醇四辛酯复合作为基础油,通过试验对多种功能添加剂进行有针对性的筛选并确定最佳加剂量,最终研制的压缩机润滑油在实验室的条件下,通过各项理化指标测试,可满足炼厂尾气压缩机使用要求。     

近年我国油气管道防腐技术的应用

本文综述了我国近几年石油、天然气管道防腐技术的应用情况.根据新近的文献报道,从管道腐蚀产生的机理、原因及我国近年油气管道防腐技术应用的现状等方面系统总结论述了管道防腐新技术的应用情况.着重讨论了国内外油气管道防腐技术应用历史沿革与发展趋势、近年我国油气管道防腐技术的应用以及油气管道防腐技术应用中应注意的问题等方面的内容.     

Advanced development in upstream of petroleum industry using nanotechnology

Nowadays, energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil, gas and coal sources. Because of rapid population, civilization and energy consumption growth, the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources, solving related problems and finding new energy sources are important. More than 10 years ago, nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry (upstream, midstream and downstream). The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas (underground or deep water), drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface, as well as transportation, storage, processing and purifying methods. Nanoparticles with high specific surface area, pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties, which could be applied in several applications. In this regard, many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration, drilling, production and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Also, in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of raw natural gas, transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products, the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the environment. Lowering sulfur gasoline, enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using nanotechnology. In this work, various types of nanoparticles such as metallic, metal oxide, hybrid nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are reviewed. Also, their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.     

刍议油气储运设备的管理与维护

在我国经济发展过程中,油气运输具有重要作用,为我国的发展提供能源支撑。现阶段,为了合理的分配油气等燃料物质,我国主要采取管道运输的方式来实现油气的储备与运输。在储运过程中,由于油气容易受到周边环境的影响,且本身具有氧化物质,容易出现管道腐蚀等现象。所以,在油气燃料物质储运过程中,必须做好管道防腐工作,不断改良输送管道,有效提升油气燃料的安全性,促进我国经济的快速发展。     

油气储运中的管道防腐问题研究

如今工业发展迅速,油气储运与人们的生活密切相连,在工业发展中也起到了重要作用。油气储运中的管道设备是储运中的一个重要部分,所以管道的安全十分重要。在运送过程中有很多隐患,受外界因素和油气本身的因素,容易使油气挥发,引发火灾,使管道腐蚀加重。针对这个问题,对于如何解决管道腐蚀和提高油气的运输效率的问题提出了合理解决措施。     

Process design for offshore oil and gas production in cold ocean environment

Many considerations influence the design of offshore oil and gas processing facilities such as type of platform, weight and space limitations, environmental conditions, government regulations, drilling support, enhanced recovery, and logistics of supply and market factors. Some of these factors have major impacts on the design and make offshore facilities different from those on land. This paper discusses some typical case scenarios with particular emphasis on processing crude oil in a cold ocean environment such as the Grand Banks off Newfoundland or Beaufort Sea. It describes certain basic requirements for the process design on offshore platforms. Every design is unique for its particular situation.     

温敏聚合物在油气开采中的研究进展

温敏聚合物是一种能够根据外界温度变动产生相应化学性质转变或物理结构变化,进而引起自身性能改变的高分子聚合物,已成为近年来新兴材料的重要研究方向之一。新型温敏聚合物已经在各行业开始应用,尤其在油气开采过程中,作为油田助剂因其独特的温敏特性可有效解决油气开采前后所发生工作液高温降黏、油层高温窜流、采后污染等问题。本文综述了温敏聚合物在油气开采中的采前准备、注水开采以及采后污水处理三个方面的研究现状,并从温敏处理剂的性能特点、合成方法等角度进行了分析,对温敏聚合物在今后油气开采中的应用做出展望,同时指出部分温敏聚合物产品仍然存在敏感性不足、临界相转变温度（LCST）调节困难、耐温耐盐能力差等问题,并提出了今后温敏聚合物将向灵敏度高、配伍性广、环保性强等方向发展,以供相关学者进行参考。     

冷凝吸附法油气回收处理装置在惠炼的应用

中国海油惠州1200万t／a炼油项目设计要求公路装车设施安装油气回收装置,油气网收装置目前有四种方法：吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法、膜渗透法,鉴于目前国内油气回收装置制造商业绩不多,经验不足的现状,我部技术人员经过同国内油气回收装置的用户和制造商进行沟通和调研,对各种方法进行了多方面的对比和分析,最终确定采用冷凝吸附法。     

浅谈油气储运气液两相流常温输送工艺

对集输工艺压降规律进行了讨论,叙述了气液两相流常温输送压降计算的研究成果,阐述了油气水三相混输管的特点及发展。希望能对我国油气储运气液两相流常温输送工艺的优化和加强提供参考。     

渣油与炼厂气共用技术开发及应用

对Shell工艺制合成气装置中渣油与炼厂气共用技术的开发情况进行了综述,通过掺入干气对渣油雾化的影响、对气化系统的影响及废热锅炉的影响进行了分析,运行结果证明掺烧干气后耗氧量比全部用渣油时明显降低。     

加蓬G4-188区块WZ构造带含油气特征

加蓬G4-188区块WZ构造带有良好的油气显示,现已从勘探工作阶段转入准开发的关键时期。基于区域地质资料,结合现场地质录井、测井及后期试油等相关资料,对该构造带各层位的油气显示及分布特征进行了总结,探讨了每一层位的含油气特征及区域分布特点。研究表明：PG组为非油气产层;U.PC组为典型的产气层;L.PC组和Anguille组油气显示良好,且地层压力较高,为典型的高压油层。为该区的开发和邻区的进一步勘探提供建议。     

纳米流体对储层润湿性反转提高石油采收率研究进展

储层岩石的润湿性对于石油采收率至关重要,近年来纳米流体润湿反转技术在提高石油采收率方面的应用得到了广泛关注,并取得了一系列成果。本文首先介绍了利用纳米流体对储层润湿性反转在提高石油采收率方面的应用,包括提高水驱效率和降压增注,其次归纳了润湿性变化的实验评价方法并分析影响纳米流体润湿反转效果的因素,表明纳米材料性质（类型、尺寸、浓度）和地层环境（温度、矿化度）均有不同程度的影响。然后阐述了纳米流体改变储层润湿性的机制,认为其包含纳米流体润湿铺展和纳米颗粒岩石壁面吸附的双重机制。最后指出运用此技术存在的问题和难点,并对以后的研究方向进行了展望。