移动通信手持机锂电池及充电器的安全标准

移动通信手机电池的市场空间巨大，但假冒伪劣电池泛滥成灾，用废旧电池芯生产的劣质电池在外观结构上不易被识破，这种电池不但容量不足，寿命短，而且对手持机的损害非常大，安全隐患严重。劣质充电器的线路设计简单，使用劣质元器件，也没有保护电路，极易把电池充坏，抗电强度、绝缘性能，插头安全性能等也存在严重问题，因此有必要     

手机锂电池的安全性能管控

基于手机的市场现状及发展趋势,阐述了手机用锂电池的性能需求及安全隐患,重点强调了电池出厂前的安全管控需要从设计环节、制造环节、环境控制等诸多环节综合考虑,分析了出厂后的成品电池的常用检测项目及测试标准,建议采用成品电池配合手机及充电器共同测试的方式,并指出手机锂电池的安全管控重在思维方式的转变。     

2013 IEC SC21A重点讨论二次锂电池安全标准

IEC SC21A（含碱性或非酸性电解液的蓄电池和蓄电池组）分技术委员会会议于2013年2月25日-3月1日在美国奥兰多召开。     

锂电池强制认证与标准相关动态

近期认监委发布公告,依据GB 31241-2022《便携式电子产品用锂离子电池和电池组安全技术规范》等,对电子电器产品使用的锂离子电池和电池组、移动电源等产品实施强制性产品认证(CCC认证)管理。为推动标准更好的实施,中国电子技术标准化研究院(赛西)作为牵头起草单位于2023年3月15日和17日开展了两次标准宣贯会,150余家企业和检测机构的300余人参会。GB 31241+GB 4943.1“双新国标”宣贯进企业系列活动也在进行中。     

电动二轮车换电锂电池检测标准体系研究与检测关键技术探讨

针对目前市场上电动二轮车换电锂电池检测标准体系不完善、安全事故频发的问题,结合行业现有检测标准对二轮车换电锂电池检测标准体系进行综合研究并对检测关键技术进一步探讨。结合当前国内外换电锂电池的相关检测标准体系,构建以电化学性能测试、安全性能测试和电池管理系统(BMS)测试为基本框架的电动二轮车换电锂电池检测标准评价体系,同时就评价体系中的功率性能、消防安全、电池管理系统(BMS)性能评估等检测关键技术进一步探讨,为电动二轮车换电电池检测标准体系的构建打下坚实基础。     

吸油烟机安全检测项目分析

对吸油烟机在家电安规检测项目中常见的几个标准条款要求及测试方法进行了解读和分析,有助于提高相关产品生产厂对吸油烟机安规标准的理解,指导用户选择质量合格的产品。     

IEC/SC21A国际会议重点讨论二次锂电池安全标准

IEC／SC21A委员会及WG2、WG3、WG4和WG5工作组会议于2010年5月25～28日在法国巴黎召开。我国专家中国电子技术标准化研究所何鹏林参加会议。IEC／SC21A（含碱性或非酸性电解液的蓄电池和蓄电池组）中的WG4为安全和机械测试工作组，WG5为新成立的大容量二次锂电池工作组。WG4和WG5是本次会议的重点。     

锂离子单电池强制内部短路试验

本文阐述了JISC8714：2007标准中单电池强制内部短路试验条件和方法,说明了各个试验步骤的要求和意图,总结了内部短路试验的注意事项,介绍了试验设备,并对强制内部短路试验的有效性进行了探讨。     

电击防护基础安全标准综述

依据IEC基础安全标准和出版物,概述了用于电子设备与电击防护有关的基础安全标准的主要内容,并把各个独立发布出版的标准中的内容有机地联系组合起来,形成一个较为系统和完整的电击防护理论体系。     

锂离子电池安全技术综述

综述了锂离子电池的危险性,分析了产生锂离子电池产品安全问题的原因。从材料、设计和工艺3个角度,简要地介绍了一些常用的安全技术,并提出了一些安全性设计的实例。     

Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.     

An Exploration of New Energy Storage System: High Energy Density,High Safety,and Fast Charging Lithium Ion Battery

Rechargeable lithium ion battery (LIB) has dominated the energy market from portable electronics to electric vehicles, but the fast‐charging remains challenging. The safety concerns of lithium deposition on graphite anode or the decreased energy density using Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) anode are incapable to satisfy applications. Herein, the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is explored for the first time as a high capacity and safer anode in LIBs, in which the high voltage cathode of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NCM‐H) is further introduced to configure a new SPAN|NCM‐H battery with great fast‐charging features. The LIB demonstrates a good stability with a high capacity retention of 89.7% after 100 cycles at a high voltage of 3.5 V (i.e., 4.6 V vs Li⁺/Li). Particularly, the excellent rate capability is confirmed and 78.7% of initial capacity can still be delivered at 4.0C. In addition, 97.6% of the battery capacity can be charged within 2.0C, which is much higher than 80% in current fast‐charging application standards. The feature of lithiation potential (>1.0 V vs Li⁺/Li) of SPAN avoids the lithium deposition and improves the safety, while the high capacity over 640 mAh g^?1 promises 43.5% higher energy density than that of LTO‐based battery, enabling its great competitiveness to conventional LIBs.     

Non-Flammable Electrolyte with Lithium Nitrate as the Only Lithium Salt for Boosting Ultra-Stable Cycling and Fire-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) attract considerable attention for their incomparable energy density. However, safety issues caused by uncontrollable lithium dendrites and highly flammable electrolyte limit large-scale LMBs applications. Herein, a low-cost, thermally stable, and low environmentally-sensitive lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) is proposed as the only lithium salt to incorporate with nonflammable triethyl phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) co-solvent as the electrolyte anticipated to enhance the performance of LMBs. Benefiting from the presence of NO₃⁻ and FEC with strong solvation effect and easily reduced ability, a Li₃N–LiF-rich stable solid electrolyte interphase is constructed. Compared to commercial electrolytes, the proposed electrolyte has a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.31% in Li-Cu test at 1 mA cm⁻² of 1.0 mAh cm⁻² with dendrite-free morphology. Additionally, the electrolyte system shows high voltage stability and cathode electrolyte interphase film-forming properties with stable cycling performances, which exhibit outstanding capacity retention rates of 96.39% and 83.74% after 1000 cycles for LFP//Li and NCM811//Li, respectively. Importantly, the non-flammable electrolyte delays the onset of combustion in lithium metal soft pack batteries by 255 s and reduces the peak heat release by 21.02% under the continuous external high-temperature heating condition. The novel electrolyte can contribute immensely to developing high-electrochemical-performance and high-safety LMBs.     

锂离子电池标准现状与产业应用

介绍了国际、国外以及我国锂离子电池标准的情况,并根据当前产业需求提出标准策略的建议。     

采用FPGA的动力锂电池内阻智能检测装置

为了实现对动力锂电池内阻的高精度检测,通过对锂电池内部结构和工作原理进行分析,建立了等效电路模型,并采用交流注入法设计了电池内阻在线智能检测装置。将微小的交变激励电流信号施加在电池两端,同时利用在FPGA平台上设计的正交锁相放大电路测量电池两端产生的响应电压信号,并通过引入圆周模式的CORDIC算法实现矢量运算,大幅提升了数据处理速度,最后根据欧姆定律计算出电池内阻的阻抗幅值和相位角。实验结果表明:设计的内阻智能检测装置能够方便测量出电池在各频段的阻抗谱,且具有较高的测量精度和稳定度,平均误差仅为0.231%,最大偏差也仅为0.452%,可为新能源汽车动力电池的健康诊断提供可靠的技术保障。     

An Intrinsically Nonflammable Electrolyte for Prominent-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries with High Energy Density and Cycling Stability

Nex-generation high-energy-density storage battery, assembled with lithium (Li)-metal anode and nickel-rich cathode, puts forward urgent demand for advanced electrolytes that simultaneously possess high security, wide electrochemical window, and good compatibility with electrode materials. Herein an intrinsically nonflammable electrolyte is designed by using 1 M lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) in triethyl phosphate (TEP) and N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Pyr₁₃][TFSI] ionic liquid (IL) solvents. The introduction of IL can bring plentiful organic cations and anions, which provides a cation shielding effect and regulates the Li⁺ solvation structure with plentiful Li⁺-DFOB⁻ and Li⁺-TFSI⁻ complexes. The unique Li⁺ solvation structure can induce stable anion-derived electrolyte/electrode interphases, which effectively inhibit Li dendrite growth and suppress side reactions between TEP and electrodes. Therefore, the LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ (NCM90)/Li coin cell with this electrolyte can deliver stable cycling even under 4.5 V and 60 °C. Moreover, a Li-metal battery with thick NCM90 cathode (≈ 15 mg cm⁻²) and thin Li-metal anode (≈ 50 µm) (N/P ≈ 3), also reveals stable cycling performance under 4.4 V. And a 2.2 Ah NCM90/Li pouch cell can simultaneously possess prominent safety with stably passing the nail penetration test, and high gravimetric energy density of 470 Wh kg⁻¹ at 4.4 V.     

Advances and Prospects in Improving the Utilization Efficiency of Lithium for High Energy Density Lithium Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention in the field like portable devices and electronic vehicles. Due to growing demands of energy storage systems, lithium metal batteries with higher energy density are promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries. However, using excess amounts of lithium can lower the energy density and cause safety risks. To solve these problems, it is crucial to use limited amount of lithium in lithium metal batteries to achieve higher utilization efficiency of lithium, higher energy density, and higher safety. The main reasons for the loss of active lithium are the side reactions between electrolyte and electrode, growth of lithium dendrites, and the volume change of electrode materials during the charge and discharge process. Based on these issues, much effort have been put to improve the utilization efficiency of lithium such as mitigating the side reactions, guiding the uniform lithium deposition, and increasing the adhesion between electrolyte and electrode. In this review, strategies for high utilization efficiency of lithium are presented. Moreover, the remaining challenges and the future perspectives on improving the utilization of lithium are also outlined.     

澳洲插头产品的法规要求及标准解析

介绍了澳大利亚插头产品的法规要求及插头的型式、尺寸、参数和测试要点,分析了插头的电流额定值和配线之间的关系,强调了插销绝缘套的要求。对重要的试验项目,如弯曲试验、插销绝缘套的耐磨试验、温升试验、高温压力试验进行了说明。     

Porosity‐ and Graphitization‐Controlled Fabrication of Nanoporous Silicon@Carbon for Lithium Storage and Its Conjugation with MXene for Lithium‐Metal Anode

Silicon (Si) and lithium metal are the most favorable anodes for high‐energy‐density lithium‐based batteries. However, large volume expansion and low electrical conductivity restrict commercialization of Si anodes, while dendrite formation prohibits the applications of lithium‐metal anodes. Here, uniform nanoporous Si@carbon (NPSi@C) from commercial alloy and CO₂ is fabricated and tested as a stable anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The porosity of Si as well as graphitization degree and thickness of the carbon layer can be controlled by adjusting reaction conditions. The rationally designed porosity and carbon layer of NPSi@C can improve electronic conductivity and buffer volume change of Si without destroying the carbon layer or disrupting the solid electrolyte interface layer. The optimized NPSi@C anode shows a stable cyclability with 0.00685% capacity decay per cycle at 5 A g^?1 over 2000 cycles for LIBs. The energy storage mechanism is explored by quantitative kinetics analysis and proven to be a capacitance‐battery dual model. Moreover, a novel 2D/3D structure is designed by combining MXene and NPSi@C. As lithiophilic nucleation seeds, NPSi@C can induce uniform Li deposition with buffered volume expansion, which is proven by exploring Li‐metal deposition morphology on Cu foil and MXene@NPSi@C. The practical potential application of NPSi@C and MXene@NPSi@C is evaluated by full cell tests with a Li(Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1)O₂ cathode.