人胎骨髓MSCs的分离鉴定及其向脂肪和成骨细胞的分化

目的:分离鉴定人胎骨髓中的间充质样干细胞(m esenchym al-like stem cell,MSCs),探索其体外培养的生物学特性。方法:利用细胞差速贴壁生长特性分离纯化人胎骨髓间充质样干细胞;利用流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和表面标志;添加常规诱导液诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,并利用特异性细胞化学染色法加以鉴定。结果:从人胎骨髓中成功分离、纯化得到间充质样干细胞,P4代细胞有92.3%的细胞处于G0/G1期;P5代细胞有96.1%的细胞处于G0/G1期;流式细胞仪检测P3代细胞结果显示:人胎骨髓MSC表达CD15、CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106和CD166,不表达造血细胞标志CD34、CD45,不表达与GVHD相关的HLA-DR、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD40L。在经典的诱导条件下,人胎骨髓MSCs可迅速向脂肪及成骨方向分化。结论:人胎骨髓中含有丰富的间充质样干细胞,具有较强的多向分化潜能,且免疫原性弱,是组织工程的较为理想的种子细胞。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物性状研究

分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞，研究其在体外生长增殖的生物特性。冲洗手术弃骨骨髓，获取骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养，倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况，绘制生长曲线，免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞表面抗原，进行染色体核型分析。冷冻保存细胞复苏后的生长状况观察。结果显示，原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观，具有较强的生长增殖能力；细胞CD44，CD54抗原表达阳性，CD34表达阴性。染色体核型分析表明是正常的人二倍体细胞。复苏细胞生物学特性无明显改变。     

全骨髓贴壁法离体培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞及其生物学特征鉴定

验证全骨髓贴壁法离体培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells,BMSCs)的可行性,并对所获细胞进行生物学特征鉴定。采用全骨髓贴壁法离体培养大鼠BMSCs,通过倒置相差显微镜进行不同阶段的细胞形态学观察。通过流式细胞术进行BMSCs表型鉴定。通过成骨诱导分化实验检验其分化潜能。原代BMSCs接种48h后充分贴壁。72h后,呈集落式克隆,单体形态呈长梭形、三角形及多角形。细胞融合至80%~90%后呈"鱼群"或"旋涡"状排列。传至第四代的BMSCs失去其特征性形态,单体大而铺展,主要呈不规则形。传至第二代的BMSCs经流式细胞术检测后即呈现CD44、CD90阳性表达,而CD45阴性表达。第二代BMSCs成骨诱导3周后,碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性,茜素红染色可见大量矿化结节形成。全骨髓贴壁法简便易行,可高效地体外分离、纯化及扩增大鼠BMSCs,所获细胞具备BMSCs的生物学特征。     

体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化的研究

目的：探讨体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞（ＭＳＣs）向胰岛β样细胞分化。方法：在无菌条件下从正常成人骨髓中分离间充质干细胞,体外培养传3代后用表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）、β-巯基乙醇和高糖培养基诱导MSCs向胰岛β样细胞分化。观察MSCs在诱导前后的形态变化;用胰岛素免疫细胞化学染色检测胰岛素的表达;用双硫腙染色鉴定胰岛β样细胞。结果：未经诱导的MSCs在培养体系中呈贴壁生长,长梭形,经诱导分化后,细胞逐渐变圆,并聚集成团;胰岛素免疫细胞化学表明细胞团内的细胞呈胰岛素染色强阳性反应：双硫腙染色阳性。结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞可在体外被定向诱导分化为胰岛β样细胞。     

脊髓损伤患者骨髓间质干细胞形态学观察

目的骨髓间充质干细胞具有自我复制能力,可以经过不可逆的终末分化过程产生子代细胞,其潜在的多向分化潜力以及可作为细胞治疗这一特点,极有可能成为组织工程较为理想的种子细胞。本实验是对脊髓损伤患者骨髓间充质干细胞形态学观察。方法抽取脊髓损伤患者的骨髓,经密度梯度离心分离、纯化和培养,观察原代和传代细胞的细胞形态。结果原代培养的BMMSCs最佳的贴壁时间为3d,生长性状不一,呈散在圆形细胞群、克隆圆形细胞群、散在梭形细胞群、花带状细胞群、旋涡状细胞群,而传代培养的细胞,增殖速度较快,性状一致,排列规则,呈饱满的梭行。结论体外非诱导培养的BM—MSCs方法可能为临床治疗脊髓损伤患者提供种子细胞。     

2种骨髓间充质干细胞生物性状的比较

比较老人和胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的生物学性状,为选择抗砷细胞的种子细胞提供实验依据。取老人和胎儿骨髓MSCs,在α-MEM培养液中进行骨髓MSCs培养,测定生长曲线,细胞贴壁率及NaAsO2对骨髓MSCs的细胞毒作用。从老人和胎儿骨髓中可培养出骨髓MSCs,二者在细胞形态、生长特性等方面相似,胎儿骨髓MSCs的扩增潜能明显强于成人骨髓MSCs,胎儿骨髓MSCs对NaAsO2的耐受性比老人骨髓MSCs高。因此,从老人及胎儿骨髓中可分离培养出骨髓MSCs,在体外保持有效扩增能力。胎儿骨髓MSCs比老人骨髓MSCs更原始,具有更大的体外扩增潜能,可做为抗砷细胞的种子细胞。     

人脐带间充质干细胞体外分离、纯化及鉴定

目的:从人脐带中分离、培养并鉴定间充质干细胞(MSCs).方法:用胶原酶消化法分离脐带间充质干细胞,差速贴壁法进行纯化;MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,并绘制生长曲线;流式细胞仪检测其表面标志和细胞周期;地塞米松、抗坏血酸、磷酸甘油诱导其向成骨细胞分化,并用碱性磷酸酶染色鉴定;地塞米松、胰岛素、吲哚美辛诱导其向脂肪细胞分化,用油红O染色鉴定;将脐带MSCs注射到BALB/c裸鼠肾被膜下,观察有无致瘤性.结果:从人脐带中分离出的同充质干细胞为梭形,呈平行排列生长或漩涡状生长;细胞表达CD29、CD44,低表达CD106,不表达CD14、CD31、CD34、CD45和HLA-DR;具有分化成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞的潜能;将脐带MSCs移植到BALB/c裸鼠肾被膜下,未观察到致瘤性.结论:从脐带中成功分离培养的细胞,具有间充质干细胞生物学特性.     

骨髓间充质干细胞三维培养--构建工程组织

骨髓间充质干细胞因其可获得性、可扩增性和可多向分化性,是理想的组织工程种子细胞,用于构建工程组织。实现这一目标的主要障碍在于如何在体外模拟生理环境培养骨髓间充质干细胞,因此,研究并改进骨髓间充质干细胞体外三维培养至关重要。对近年来骨髓间充质干细胞作为组织工程种子细胞的培养方式、培养系统以及培养中的环境因素加以评述。     

人足月胎盘间充质干细胞的分离纯化及其特征

目的:从人足月胎盘中分离、培养间充质干细胞(MSCs),并研究其生物学特征.方法:将人足月胎盘组织经胶原酶Ⅱ消化和贴壁培养法获取间充质干细胞,运用活细胞计数和碘化丙啶(PI)检测其增殖能力;采用流式细胞术检测其细胞表面标志的表达;用地塞米松、抗坏血酸及β-磷酸甘油诱导其向成骨细胞分化,并用Yon Kos-sa染色进行鉴定;用地塞米松与胰岛素诱导其向脂肪细胞分化,并以油红O染色进行鉴定.结果:从人足月胎盘分离的间充质干细胞为梭形贴壁细胞,增殖能力较强;强表达CD44、CD29,不表达CD34、CD45、CD106和HLA-DR;经诱导后向脂肪细胞及成骨细胞分化,油红O染色、Von Kossa染色为阳性.结论:人足月胎盘中也富含间充质干细胞,与其他来源的间充质干细胞的生物学特征相似,可能是组织工程新的干细胞来源.     

SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和鉴定

目的:探讨体外分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞rMSCs的方法,检测传代细胞的细胞周期,并分析部分细胞表型,对rMSCs进行初步的鉴定。方法:密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法分离培养rMSCs,传代扩增,倒置显微镜进行细胞形态学观察,免疫组化检测细胞表面抗原,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果:密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化rMSCs,细胞呈均一的成纤维细胞样,细胞周期显示90.16%P1代细胞处于G0/G1期,免疫组化结果为:CD44、CD29阳性、CD34阴性,说明培养的细胞即非造血干细胞,也非成纤维细胞。结论:本实验分离培养的细胞群与间充质干细胞的生物学特性吻合,说明密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法能有效分离纯化rMSCs,细胞稳定表达CD44、CD29,是实用、可行的方法,所培养的细胞可用于细胞移植等研究。     

微囊化基质细胞对脐带血造血干/祖细胞扩增支持

将脐带血单个核细胞与包埋有兔骨髓间充质干细胞的海藻酸钙微胶珠在3种不同的培养液中进行了7d的体外静态共培养.每24h进行总有核细胞计数,在0、72和168h进行流式CD34+细胞分析以及甲基纤维素集落检验.实验结果表明:经过7d的静态共培养,在添加常规剂量造血生长因子的培养液中,总有核细胞扩增了(15±2.85)倍,CD34+细胞扩增了(5.33±0.32)倍,CFU-Cs扩增了(5.6±1.21)倍.微胶囊可以作为一种新的共培养隔离手段,微囊化兔骨髓间充质干细胞在添加适量血清或者造血生长因子组合的条件下对于脐带血造血干/祖细胞在静态下的扩增有明显的促进作用.     

Ex vivo expansions and transplantations of mouse bone marrow－derived hematopoietic stem／progenitor cells

To examine the effects of co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on expansion of hematopoietic tem/progenitor cells and the capacities of rapid neutrophil engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution of the expanded ells, we expanded mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells from mouse bone marrow and transplanted the expanded cells into the irradiated mice. MNCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells were selected from MNCs by using MoFlo Cell Sorter. MNCs and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under a two-step expansion. The expanded cells were then transplanted into sublethally irradiated BDF 1 mice. Results showed that the co-culture with MSCs resulted in expansions of median total nucleated cells, CD34^ cells, GM-CFC and HPP-CFC respectively by 10.8-, 4.8-, 65.9- and 38.8-fold for the mononuclear cell culture, and respectively by 76.1-, 2.9-, 71.7- and 51.8-fold for the CD34^ /c-kit^ cell culture. The expanded cells could rapidly engraft in the sublethally irradiated mice and reconstitute their hematopoiesis. Co-cultures with MSCs in conjunction with two-step expansion increased expansions of total nucleated cells, GM-CFC and HPP-CFC, which led us to conclude MSCs may create favorable environment for expansions of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The availability of increased numbers of expanded ceils by the co-culture with MSCs may result in more rapid engraftment ofneutrophils following infusion to transplant recipients.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

Clonogenic colony-forming ability of hepatic stem cells in the spleens of mice

To confirm the existence of hepatic stem cells (HSCs), fetal liver cells isolated from mice on embryonic day 13 (ED13) were long-term cultured in vitro. Growth of the cells was observed intensively and characteristics were identified by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that some of the cells grew as colonies, in which some cells expressed AFP, CD34 and Albumin. Then the cells were transplanted intravenously into irradiated syngeneic mice. At day 12 a number of small hyperplasia nodules were seen in the apparently enlarged spleens of recipient mice. Moreover, some nodules were positive for AFP and CD34 and consisted of various types of cells, suggesting the very existence of hepatic stem cells in the mouse fetal liver.     

Induction-dependent neural marker expression and electrophysiological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that naturally express high levels of nestin

Under certain experimental conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express neuronal phenotypes and neuronal markers, which suggests that they could be used to treat various neurological diseases. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from adult rat bone marrow, cultivated, and evaluated for neurotrophin expression profiles, as well as the potential to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. MSCs from passage 5 were pre-induced with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/mL bFGF (fibroblast growth factor-2). Subsequently, a chemical inductor containing Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and forskolin were used to induce neural expression of MSCs. Expression patterns of nestin, NF-200, and GFAP at time points before and after induction were detected by immunofluorescence. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions in MSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to elucidate the electrical behavior of MSC before and after 24-h differentiation induction. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that MSCs expressed nestin (57.1% ± 6.9%), but not NF-200 or GFAP. Following neural induction, the cells exhibited a neuronal-like appearance. Nestin and NF-200 expression was positive in the neuronal-like cells, but GFAP expression was negative. After 6-, 12- and 24-h induction, the ratio of nestin-positive cells was 96.5% ± 1.9%, 88.1% ± 5.4%, and 33.5% ± 5.4%. NF-200 positive cells were 90.1% ± 2.9%, 97.5% ± 1.3%, and 98.1% ± 1.6%, respectively. However, prior to induction, MSCs already expressed NGF and BDNF. With a stimulus impulse of 40 mV, the density of the transient outward K current was (9.95 ± 4.85) pA/pF (n = 9) and (328.50 ± 30.62) pA/pF (n = 9) before and after induction, and the density of transient calcium ion currents was (−0.059 ± 0.027) pA/pF (n = 7) and (−6.66 ± 0.50) pA/pF (n = 7), respectively. Transient outward potassium currents and calcium ions currents gradually increased following induction. In addition, MSCs isolated from bone marrow exhibited characteristics of neuronal progenitor cells and expressed neurotrophins. These cells exhibited the capacity to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. These results suggested that MSCs express high levels of nestin and could be utilized for therapeutic strategies to treat nervous system diseases.     

Formation of haematopoietic microenvironment and haematopoietic stem cells from single human bone marrow stem cells.

Haematopoietic stem cells are a population of cells capable both of self renewal and of differentiation into a variety of haematopoietic lineages. Enrichment techniques of human haematopoietic stem cells have used the expression of CD34, present on bone marrow progenitor cells. But most CD34+ bone marrow cells are committed to their lineage, and more recent efforts have focused on the precise characterization of the pluripotent subset of CD34+ cells. Here we report the characterization of two distinct subsets of pluripotent stem cells from human fetal bone marrow, a CD34+, HLA-DR+, CD38- subset that can differentiate into all haematopoietic lineages, and a distinct more primitive subset, that is CD34+, HLA-DR-, CD38-, that can differentiate into haematopoietic precursors and stromal cells capable of supporting the differentiation of these precursors. These data represent, to our knowledge, the first identification of a single cell capable of reconstituting the haematopoietic cells and their associated bone marrow microenvironment.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells in vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright's staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34+ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34-CD38+. Wright's staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.     

Induction of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cellsin vitro

In order to get hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells and to study development mechanisms of hematopoietic cells, the method of inducing embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic cells was explored by differenciating mouse ES cells and human embryonic cells in three stages. The differentiated cells were identified by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Wright’s staining. The results showed that embryoid bodies (EBs) could form when ES cells were cultured in the medium with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO) and granular colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), were not helpful for forming EBs. SCF, TPO and embryonic cell conditional medium were useful for the differentiation of mouse EBs to hematopoietic progenitors. Eighty-six percent of these cells were CD34⁺ after 6-d culture. Hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to B lymphocytes when they were cocultured with primary bone marrow stroma cells in the DMEM medium with SCF and IL-6. 14 d later, most of the cells were CD34^－CD38⁺. Wright’s staining and immunohistochemistry showed that 80% of these cells were plasma-like morphologically and immunoglubolin positive. The study of hematopoietic cells from human embryonic cells showed that human embryonic cell differentiation was very similar to that of mouse ES cells. They could form EBs in the first stage and the CD34 positive cells account for about 48.5% in the second stage.