免疫多糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中氧化酶活力的影响

于栉孔扇贝体中分别注射酵母聚糖和硒多糖两种免疫多糖后,分别测定了栉孔扇贝血清和血细胞中两种参与免疫防御的酚氧化酶（PO）和髓过氧物酶（MPO）的活力。结果表明,注射酵母聚糖后,血清中PO活力仅在1h时实验组极显著地高于对照组,而血细胞中无PO活力,注射硒多糖后,血清中PO活力在1和15h时时显著高于对照组,而血细胞中未检测到PO活力：血清中MPO活力在1、15和30h时,血细胞中MPO活力在1和15h时实验组显著高于对照组,说明酵母聚糖和硒多糖两种免疫多糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中PO和MPO的活力均有增强作用。     

Numerical simulation on the acoustic emission activities of concrete

Acoustic emission (AE) is a very important tool to study the cracking process and to evaluate the integrity of structures. The numerical simulation on AE activities is helpful for us to explain the AE data observed during the AE test of concrete and to therefore clarify the associated failure mechanism. Based on the knowledge that the AE events of concrete under external loading are closely related to its internal damage, it becomes possible for us to simulate these AE activities of concrete at meso-level with a numerical tool. In this paper, a numerical model is used to simulate the AE activities of mortar and concrete beams under three-point bending. Based on numerical simulation, the load–displacement curves and corresponding AE activities of mortar and concrete specimens are obtained and are calibrated against the corresponding experimental results. Subsequently, this numerical model is utilized to simulate the AE activities of mortar specimen when it is subjected to cyclic loading, and the Kaiser effect of AE is reproduced.     

我国科学系统规模与经济增长的相关分析

本文采用计量经济学的方法分别探讨了我国科学系统的科技活动人员、科技经费投入及科技产出规模与经济增长之间的关系，对我国1991～2000年间科学系统规模与经济增长之间的相关关系进行了分析。     

‘Jishu Kanri’ activities in the Japanese steel industry Small group activities being promoted by the industry as a whole

The group activities called ‘ Jishu Kanri ’ by foremen and workers in the forefront of production has been actively promoted in the Japanese Steel Industry by establishing a committee for ’ Jishu Kanri’ activities in the Japan Iron and Steel Federation, with the positive cooperation of its member companies. Nearly 8 years have elapsed since the establishment of this committee, and during this period the ability and skill of the group leaders and members in managing group activities and their awareness of problems and solutions have been greatly improved, thereby contributing much to the improvement of quality, attainment of production targets, reduction in the production costs, and improvement of safety

This report describes the ’ Jishu Kanri ’ activities being carried out by the industry as a whole.     

Exploring the psychology of trade-off decision-making in environmental impact assessment

The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty develops and codifies Antarctic environmental impact assessment (EIA) obligations. This paper outlines the history and present nature of Antarctic EIA obligations and reviews the emergence of Antarctic tourism. The Treaty explicitly recognises the primacy of Antarctica's scientific and environmental values, whereas tourism, while a legitimate activity, is not otherwise an embedded Antarctic activity. The difficulties of applying an EIA system which has evolved primarily to deal with national programme activities to the different activities of commercial tourism is not an argument for absolving tourist activities from these obligations. If tourism activities are not adequately addressed, the impacts may not be appropriately considered and could pose unacceptable risks to an environment supposedly legally safeguarded by international treaty.     

A new scheduling technique for the resource–constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows

In this paper, we discuss the resource–constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows. We introduce a new schedule construction technique which moves sets of activities to improve the project net present value and consists of two steps. In particular, the inclusion of individual activities into sets, which are then moved together, is crucial in both steps. The first step groups the activities based on the predecessors and successors in the project network, and adds these activities to a set based on their finish time and cash flow. The second step on the contrary does so based on the neighbouring activities in the schedule, which may but need not include precedence related activities. The proposed scheduling method is implemented in a genetic algorithm metaheuristic and we employ a penalty function to improve the algorithm’s feasibility with respect to a tight deadline. All steps of the proposed solution methodology are tested in detail and an extensive computational experiment shows that our results are competitive with existing work.     

基于多权重Shapley值的联盟利益分配机制

利益分配机制是影响联盟合作成功的关键因素.传统的含权Shapley值模型在解决联盟利润分配问题时,仅从联盟整体的角度赋予成员单一的权重,而忽视了成员在不同联盟活动中可能存在议价能力和贡献的差异.为此,提出一种多权重Shapley值模型,以反映成员在多项联盟活动中的不同权重.通过对联盟合作对策进行Shapley等价分解,...     

Survey of the annual technical reports on the trademark information activities of industrial property offices in the year 2000

The activities of some 45 intellectual property offices world-wide in the field of trademark information are summarised for the year 2000. The summary is presented under eight standard headings, as far as relevant, for each country. Activity varies enormously from just a handful of applications through to more than 100 K for Brazil, Japan, Korea, and the USA, and over 200 K for China; the numbers are increasing steadily in most countries. The author notes that registration activities are lagging further behind applications in many countries. Many IP offices now provide their Official Gazettes on the Internet. The Nice and Vienna Classifications are the preferred retrieval aids. Progress on automation and electronic delivery of trademark information closely mirrors that on patent information activities.     

Innovation and firm growth over the business cycle

This paper investigates how the macroeconomic business cycle impacts the empirical relation between innovation and firm growth. Based on representative panel data of Swiss firms ranging from 1996 to 2014, the paper finds that firms with innovations based on R&D activities show higher sales growth rates than non-innovative firms in periods dominated by economic recessions. This finding is in line with the idea that recessions play an important role in the adaptation process of the economy towards the innovative. In contrast, the paper finds that firms with innovations based on other, non-R&D innovation activities show higher sales growth rates than non-innovative firms in periods dominated by economic booms. Hence, while firms with innovations based on R&D activities are more resilient to business cycle fluctuations than non-innovative firms, firms with innovations based on other, non-R&D innovations activities are more sensitive to business cycle fluctuations than non-innovative firms.     

The natural radioactivity in the bricks used for the construction of the dwelling in Tehran areas of Iran

This paper presents the finding of a study undertaken to determine the natural radioactivity present in bricks in Tehran. A total of 45 samples of commonly used bricks were collected from various manufacturers and suppliers and analyzed using a shielded HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. The specific activities of (226) Ra, (232) Th, and (40) K were measured in all brick samples, and results ranged from minimum values of 26, 24, and 524 Bq kg(-1) to maximum values of 38, 36, and 820 Bq kg(-1) with mean values of 33, 30, and 700 Bq kg(-1) ,respectively. In general, these activities were comparable to the results of similar studies undertaken in another countries. These activities would suggest that the use of such bricks in construction of dwellings or work places in Tehran is unlikely to give rise to any significant radiation exposure to the occupants.     

纳米SnO2包覆TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化活性研究

利用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米SnO2包覆TiO2的光催化剂，通过XRD、紫外光谱、色谱-质谱和光催化氧化焦化废水实验，分析和检验了该光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明：SnO2包覆TiO2对光催化活性的提高是可行的，SnO2包覆量大于5％时提高效果较明显。     

橘皮还原法和硼氢化钠还原法制备的纳米银的结构和性能比较

分别以天草柑橘皮提取液作为绿色还原剂,硼氢化钠(NaBH₄)作为化学还原剂制备两种纳米银(G-AgNPs和C-AgNPs),对二者的还原率、粒径尺寸及形貌、结晶结构以及组成成分进行表征,比较它们在分散性、抗菌性和抗氧化性等性能上的差异。结果表明,两种还原剂对Ag⁺的还原率都可达90%以上。G-AgNPs与C-AgNPs均为球形或类球形的面心立方结构晶体,但G-AgNPs的粒径尺寸分布较窄,平均粒径与粒度中值(D50)分别为29.81 nm和28.21 nm,小于C-AgNPs。同时,G-AgNPs表面吸附了橘皮提取液中的活性成分,减少了粒子间的团聚,因而相较于C-AgNPs有更好的分散性和稳定性。G-AgNPs与C-AgNPs对食源性革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌)均表现出较强的生长抑制效果,但G-AgNPs的抑菌效果总体优于C-AgNPs。同时,由于表面活性成分的存在,G-AgNPs对亚甲基蓝(Methylene blue,MB)的脱色率显著高于C-AgNPs,具有很强的抗氧化活性。G-AgNPs所具有的良好分散性、抗菌性和抗氧化性使得它们成为一种理想的纳米填料,在功能性复合材料的制备中具有较大的应用潜力。     

Maximizing the net present value of a project with linear time-dependent cash flows

The paper studies the unconstrained project-scheduling problem with discounted cash flows where the cash flow functions are assumed to be linear-dependent on the completion times of the corresponding activities. Each activity of this unconstrained project-scheduling problem has a known deterministic cash flow function that is linear and non-increasing in time. Progress payments and cash outflows occur at the completion times of activities. The objective is to schedule the activities in order to maximize the net present value (npv) subject to the precedence constraints and a fixed deadline. Despite the growing amount of research concerning the financial aspects in project scheduling, little research has been done on the problem with time-dependent cash flow functions. Nevertheless, this problem gives an incentive to solve more realistic versions of project-scheduling problems with financial objectives. We introduce an extension of an exact recursive algorithm that has been used in solving the max-npv problem with time-independent cash flow functions and which is embedded in an enumeration procedure. The recursive search algorithm schedules the activities as soon as possible and searches for sets of activities to shift towards the deadline in order to increase the npv. The enumeration procedure enumerates all sets of activities for which such a shift has not been made but could, eventually, have been advantageous. The procedure has been coded in Visual C++ v.4.0 under Windows NT and has been validated on a randomly generated problem set.     

伦理学视域下设计关怀贫困群体的终极目标

目的廓清设计关怀贫困群体的终极目标,并对它进行伦理学方面的阐析,以便在设计伦理的范畴为相关实践活动提出道德要求,提供理论参考与指导,旨在保障相关活动能沿着符合优良道德价值的方向发展。方法借助伦理学的研究方法,阐释相关活动终极目标的道德内涵,考察民生幸福的实质,同时基于贫困主体与设计行为主体的不同身份,从消费性幸福与创造性幸福以及利己幸福与利他幸福的角度来解析终极目标的性质,并从内在善、手段善和至善的角度来剖释不同层面的道德境界。结论设计关怀贫困群体最终是要借助设计的力量为其谋求和创造幸福生活,不仅应关注其物质幸福,而且应聚焦于社会幸福与精神幸福。在此基础上兼顾其消费性幸福与创造性幸福的两个不同阶段,为他们带来善的事与物,并最终使相关活动升华到至善的境界。     

The use of patent information for the identification of development trends

The publications on a specific technical field issued by the patent officers within a certain period of time do not only reflect the inventive activities and the “production” of new technical knowledge in a country, but also signalize forthcoming industrial activities and therefore indicate new technological trends. The focal points of these inventive activities may e.g. be ascertained from the bibliographical data on published patent applications compiled according to the International Patent Classification. These data also provide information on the granting of existing and imminent patents in the different industrial countries.     

Activity-based framework for cost savings through the implementation of an ERP system

Although enterprise resource planning (ERP) has been widely adopted since its first appearance in the early 1990s, there is a lack of research regarding ERP investment justification and performance evaluation. In this paper, based on an activity-based costing (ABC) analysis, we propose a framework to quantify the cost savings that the implementation of an ERP system should achieve in order to make the investment justifiable. Exploiting the ability of ABC to trace costs to activities and products, ERP resource costs and activities are identified and the cost structure of products is analysed. It is also shown that the ABC approach can enhance the visibility of business processes with various activities and cost drivers and provide information about actions to be taken to raise profits by cost savings or increased revenues. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate how an ERP system is utilized on activities and how it affects the cost of products. An extensive analysis follows to address how the results can be used to direct process improvement toward corporate goals.     

Do traditional scientometric indicators predict social media activity on scientific knowledge? An analysis of the ecological literature

Traditional citation-based indicators and activities on Online Social Media Platforms (OnSMP; e.g. Twitter) have been used to assess the impact of scientific research. However, the association between traditional indicators (i.e., number of citations and journal impact factor) and the new OnSMP metrics still deserve further investigations. Here, we used multivariate models to evaluate the relative influence of collaboration, time since publication and traditional indicators on the interest of 2863 papers published in five ecological journals from 2013 to 2015 as given by nine OnSMP. We found that most activities were concentrated on Twitter and Mendeley and that activities in these two OnSMP are highly correlated. Our results indicate that traditional indicators explained most of the variation in OnSMP activity. Considering that OnSMP activities are high as soon as the articles are made available online, contrasting with the slow pace in which the citations are accumulated, our results support the use of activities on OnSMP as an early signal of research impact of ecological articles.     

A review of the literature on the use of SPC in batch production

The major concern of this paper is to provide a review of the use of SPC techniques in batch production. Data transformation is considered as one of the most important activities when implementing SPC in such an environment. Other activities include focusing attention on the process rather than on the product and the use of standardized control charts (SCCs) in place of traditional charts. Aspects of data transformation are dealt with especially with regard to explaining the mechanism of data transformation and selecting as well as evaluating several transformation techniques. In addition, a method of sensitivity analysis for SCCs is also included.     

突发强刺激下神经肌肉反应的下意识优先效应

目的 验证并量化突发性强感觉刺激下的神经肌肉下意识反应优先效应.方法 36名大学生分别完成弱声及突发性强声刺激条件下的听觉简单反应、音调辨别反应和音调选择反应任务,并以表面肌电图监测被试相关肌肉电活动.结果 突发性强声刺激下的肌电活动潜伏期远短于各种反应时间（较简单反应时快322±39ms）,且强声刺激显著干扰各种听觉反应任务,对简单反应时的延滞达224±123 ms.结论 研究证实了突发性强听觉刺激下神经肌肉反应的下意识优先效应,突发性强声刺激对各种反应时任务均造成显著干扰.研究结果提示突发性强刺激条件下的表面肌电信号或可作为车辆主动性防撞系统的控制输入.