基于兴趣度和本体自适应学习的语义搜索算法研究

针对用户个人兴趣度偏好、本体有效信息利用不足、本体自适应学习能力差和基于单一策略的语义相似度搜索效率低等问题,提出一种基于兴趣度和本体自适应学习的语义搜索算法。在该算法中,首先利用本体信息共享含量和信息贴近均衡路径策略来进行本体语义相似度加权度量,并对用户的兴趣度进行偏好计算,然后利用本体评价模型,依据用户个性化偏好进行本体自适应学习,从而提高本体知识库的信息共享度。实验证明,该算法具有较高的查全率和查准率。     

融合双分支动态偏好的会话推荐

针对基于会话的推荐算法仅对用户单一偏好进行静态建模而无法捕捉用户受环境影响偏好产生的波动, 从而降低推荐准确性的问题. 提出融合双分支动态偏好的会话推荐方法: 首先, 通过异构超图来建模不同类型信息, 设计双分支聚合机制获取以及整合异构超图中信息并且学习多类型节点之间的关系, 再用价格嵌入增强器来加强类别和价格之间关系; 其次, 设计双层偏好编码器, 其中采用多尺度时序Transformer提取用户动态价格偏好, 利用软注意机制和反向位置编码学习用户动态兴趣偏好; 最后, 用门控机制融合用户多类型动态偏好, 向用户进行推荐. 通过在Cosmetics和Diginetica-buy两个数据集上进行实验, 结果证明与其他对比算法相比在Precision和MRR评价指标中有显著的提升.     

一种分层注意力机制与用户动态偏好融合的序列推荐算法

针对现有的序列推荐算法通常仅采用单一项目信息来捕获项目的潜在特征,以及循环神经网络存在时间依赖性随序列中位置单调变化的问题,提出一种分层注意力机制与用户动态偏好融合的序列推荐算法.首先,针对单一项目信息不足以学习项目准确表示的问题,提出一种分层注意力机制用于学习高质量的项目表示.其次,针对循环神经网络的时间依赖性严重损害了用户近期偏好建模的问题,引入文本卷积神经网络来提取循环隐藏状态之间的短期序列模式,并根据用户意图将用户长期偏好与近期偏好进行动态融合.此外,针对传统自注意力机制无法对序列中元素的相对位置信息进行建模的问题,对现有的自注意力机制进行了改进,充分捕获序列中元素的相对位置信息.并在公开数据集MovieLens-1M与Amazon-Book上与现有优秀算法作比较,实验结果证明了所提算法的有效性.     

Web服务中一种面向用户群偏好向量的计算方法

用户偏好用于描述用户的偏好倾向和历史行为等,通过这些信息,系统可以发现和预测用户的需求信息,从而提供最接近用户请求的服务。在Web服务的应用中,用户偏好信息在很大程度上影响了服务质量评价。单个用户或者用户群体需要利用Web服务质量的评价来选择满足自己最大偏好的服务组合,用户群的偏好值计算需要一个可靠稳定的方法来计算。在分析基于QoS选择的Web服务基本构建框架和WSMS概念结构的基础上,引入了一种面向用户群偏好的EOWA算子计算方法,用来获取可靠、有效的用户群偏好向量,并进行了实例分析。     

结合注意力CNN与GNN的信息融合推荐方法

稀疏性问题一直是推荐系统面临的主要挑战,而信息融合推荐可以利用用户的评论、评分以及信任等信息发掘用户的偏好来缓解这一问题,从而为目标用户生成相应的推荐.用户、项目信息的充分学习是构建一个成功推荐系统的关键.但不同用户对不同项目有不同的偏好,且用户的兴趣偏好及社交圈是动态变化的.提出一种结合深度学习与信息融合的推荐方法来解决稀疏性等问题.特别地,构建了一种新的深度学习模型——结合注意力卷积神经网络(attention CNN)与图神经网络(GNN)的信息融合推荐模型ACGIF.首先,在CNN中加入注意力机制来处理评论信息,从评论信息中学习用户和项目的个性化表示.根据评论编码学习评论表示,通过用户/项目编码学习评论中用户/项目表示.加入个性化注意力机制来筛选不同重要性级别的评论.然后,利用GNN来处理评分和信任信息.对于每个用户来说,扩散过程从最初的嵌入开始,融合相关特性和捕获潜在行为偏好的自由用户潜在向量.设计了一个分层的影响传播结构,以模拟用户的潜在嵌入如何随着社交扩散过程的继续而演变.最后,对前两部分得到的用户对项目的偏好向量进行加权融合,获得最终的用户对于项目的偏好向量.在4组公开...     

网格环境下一个用户偏好的计算方法及应用

为满足用户的按需服务需求,首先提出用户QoS属性判断矩阵来表示用户偏好的方法,同时定义了相应的用户偏好函数和QoS满意度。应用用户偏好的矩阵表示和计算方法,提出一个网格服务选择算法,该算法能反映用户的QoS偏好,实现按需服务。对该算法的有效性进行了理论分析和测试,结果表明应用了用户偏好的选择算法,能可靠地选择出反映用户QoS偏好的相对最优服务,且具有良好的稳定性,该方法可用于在网格环境中进行用户个性化需求的保障。     

融合用户属性交互的个性化评论摘要生成

个性化评论摘要旨在针对一篇评论文本，面向不同用户产生反映他们不同偏好的摘要，具有较高的应用价值.现有工作存在新用户偏好无法增量学习、忽略用户属性关联对偏好的影响等不足.为了解决上述问题，本文提出了融合用户属性交互的个性化评论摘要生成算法.该算法自动学习用户各方面属性的嵌入表达，在此基础上利用自注意力机制捕捉所有属性之间的交互关联，从而使获得的用户偏好表达更加准确.得到的偏好表达被用于捕捉评论中用户可能感兴趣的信息，进而指导模型生成符合用户个性化偏好的摘要文本.实验结果表明，本文提出的算法在评价指标ROUGE上明显高于已有的先进算法.     

LBSN中利用深度学习的POI推荐方法

提出一种基于位置的社交网络中利用深度学习的POI推荐方法。建立一个地理时空注意力网络,以发现总体序列依赖性和微妙的POI-POI关系;将签到序列中连续的地理距离和时间间隔信息加入到地理时空注意力网络中,建立用户个性化移动行为和挖掘用户个性化时空偏好;设计特定于上下文的共同注意力网络,通过从签到历史中自适应选择相关签到活动来学习更改用户偏好,使地理-时空门控循环单元网络(geographical-spatiotemporal gated recurrent unit network,GSGRUN)能够区分不同签到的用户偏好程度。在Foursquare和Gowalla数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法能够显著提升POI推荐方法的推荐匹配度。     

基于动态需求服务反馈的 Web 业务可信度协同计算

针对 Web 服务和 Web 业务的选择问题,提出一种基于动态需求服务反馈的 Web 业务可信度协同计算算法,动态分析了用户的 Web 服务选择和组合问题,采用了基于用户满意度信息的服务反馈模型来解决 Web 服务的选择问题,从而防止 Web 业务选择到服务质量较差的服务类型。在 Web 业务的选择上采用了基于可信度计算的方法,可信度大小由业务信誉度、反馈能力、服务信任度三方面决定,通过可信度大小的比较来选择最佳的 Web 业务。实验仿真结果表明,该算法在选择最佳的 Web 服务和 Web 业务上具有较高的精确度,尤其在选择最佳 Web 服务的精确率上相比对比算法高出11％以上。     

基于主客观综合权重的云服务时间序列选择算法

目前已有的云服务时间序列选择算法没有很好地考虑用户的QoS（quality of service）偏好信息,而传统的用户偏好算法只适用于QoS指标值为单一数值的情况,在QoS指标值为时间序列向量的情况下无法进行有效计算.因此,本文提出了一种基于主客观综合权重的云服务时间序列选择算法（Time series of cloud services selection algorithm employing subjective and objective weight,简称TCSOW）.此算法从基于用户QoS偏好层次的主观权重计算方法和基于QoS指标相关性的客观权重计算方法这两个角度进行详细描述,通过结合时间序列QoS模型进行云服务选择.实验分析表明,提出的TCSOW算法在有效解决用户QoS偏好的同时又充分考虑云服务集的QoS指标数据分布特性,使最终的度量结果具有较高的准确性与科学性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。