固相萃取-气相色谱法检测水中的邻苯二甲酸酯

利用固相萃取技术富集了水中4种邻苯二甲酸酯类（PAEs）化合物：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）。借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对4种PAEs的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化，得到的最佳固相萃取条件：洗脱剂配比（正己烷与丙酮的体积比）30：1，洗脱体积2mL，洗脱速率4mL／min，上样速率8mL／min。富集后的试样用带电子捕获器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测，方法的线性范围为1～1000μg／L（DMP，DEP），0．2—100μg／L（DBP，DEHP），线性回归方程的相关系数为0．9970～1．0000，检出限为0．02-0．4μg／L，4种PAEs的回收率为69％～117％，相对标准偏差为2．5％～9．5％。[关键词]     

铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解水中的十溴联苯醚

采用铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法降解模拟废水中的十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)。探索了铁碳微电解法降解BDE-209的影响因素,考察了铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法对BDE-209的降解效果。实验结果表明:在模拟废水BDE-209质量浓度为1 mg/L、初始废水p H为2.0、铁碳质量比为1∶1、铁粉投加量为12 g/L、微电解温度为40 oC、微电解时间为60 min的条件下,铁碳微电解法的BDE-209降解率达到82.5%;当H2O2溶液投加量为4 m L/L时,铁碳微电解耦合光-Fenton氧化法的BDE-209降解率达到95.7%。说明添加H2O2的Fenton体系对BDE-209的降解有明显促进作用。     

转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶废水

采用转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶生产废水,优化了工艺参数,并进行了装置连续运行试验。结果表明:保持转鼓转速2 r/min,在废水pH=2.0、铁碳比(m(铸铁屑)∶m(活性炭))1∶1.5、填料装填率(填料体积与反应器有效容积之比)1∶10、HRT=3 h的优化工艺条件下,废水BOD5/COD由处理前的0.181提高到0.265;电解装置连续运行30 d,COD去除率稳定在40.1%~43.2%之间,且填料未出现板结现象。     

转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶废水

采用转鼓铁碳微电解法预处理液晶生产废水,优化了工艺参数,并进行了装置连续运行试验。结果表明：保持转鼓转速2 r/min,在废水pH=2.0、铁碳比（m（铸铁屑）∶m（活性炭））1∶1.5、填料装填率（填料体积与反应器有效容积之比）1∶10、HRT=3 h的优化工艺条件下,废水BOD₅/COD由处理前的0.181提高到0.265;电解装置连续运行30 d,COD去除率稳定在40.1%~43.2%之间,且填料未出现板结现象。     

铁碳微电解法处理高盐度有机废水

用铁碳微电解法处理高盐度有机废水,考察了反应初始pH、铁碳质量比、反应时间、曝气及过氧化氢加入量等对该废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在反应初始pH为4.0、铁碳质量比为1、反应时间为60m in、过氧化氢加入量为0.10%（体积分数）、曝气条件下,COD去除率为57.6%,盐去除率为47.0%;处理后废水的可生化性有明显的改善,BOD5/COD可达0.65;对COD的去除基本符合一级动力学规律。     

微电解技术处理难降解工业废水的研究进展

介绍了铁碳微电解技术处理工业废水的作用机理。综述了铁碳微电解技术的研究进展。针对该技术在处理不同工业废水时普遍存在的堵塞、短路、死角、铁屑结块等问题,介绍了研发的新型纳米铁碳微电解复合材料及新工艺,并对铁碳微电解技术今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

铁-锰-碳微电解法处理对苯二酚废水

在传统铁-碳微电解填料(简称铁-碳填料)中加入锰粉进行改性,制备了规整化铁-锰-碳改性微电解填料(简称铁-锰-碳填料),并采用该填料处理质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的模拟对苯二酚废水。实验结果表明:在铁-锰-碳填料投加量25.0 g/L、反应时间4.0 h、锰粉质量分数9%、初始废水pH为3的最佳工艺条件下,对苯二酚去除率达95.55%;与铁-碳填料相比,铁-锰-碳填料可大幅提高对苯二酚的去除率,且对废水pH的适应范围较宽;采用铁-锰-碳填料处理对苯二酚废水的过程中,废水pH大体呈现先上升后下降的趋势;由降解中间产物可推断对苯二酚首先被氧化为对苯醌,然后逐渐降解为有机酸。     

固相萃取—反相液相色谱法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用亲水-亲脂平衡固相萃取柱和反相液相色谱法研究了水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）3种邻苯二甲酸酯的萃取条件和测定方法。利用正交实验对影响萃取回收率的4个主要因素（洗脱剂组成、洗脱剂加入量、洗脱速率及清洗剂组成）进行了优化,确定了固相萃取的最佳条件：洗脱剂组成为V（甲醇）：V（乙醚）=3：17,洗脱剂加入量为6mL,洗脱速率为1．0mL／min,清洗剂组成为V（甲醇）：V（水）=1：9。3种邻苯二甲酸酯的萃取回收率在75．1％～111．3％之间。在优化条件下,色谱峰面积与3种邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度呈良好的线性关系（线性相关系数大于0．9995）,DMP,DEP,DBP的检出限分别为0．24,0．51,0．12μg／L。DEP,DBP,DMP的加标回收率分别为103．1％,103．8％,95．7％,相对标准偏差分别为0．36％,1．20％,2．10％。     

超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲

以纳米TiO_2为催化剂,采用超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲,并考察了菲降解率的影响因素。实验结果表明:不同类型TiO_2对菲降解率的大小顺序为锐钛矿型TiO_2P25型TiO_2金红石型TiO_2;超声-紫外光协同催化体系对菲的降解率大于单独超声体系或紫外光催化体系,且均遵从一级反应动力学规律;在超声频率为60k Hz、声强为0.233 W/cm2、TiO_2投加量为0.06 g/L、pH为4.0、H_2O_2浓度为19.59 mmol/L的条件下降解75 min后,超声-紫外光协同催化体系对初始质量浓度为0.96 mg/L的菲的降解率可达76.78%。     

甲醇溶液中多氯联苯的微波降解

采用微波降解多氯联苯，对影响多氯联苯降解率的反应温度、反应时间、搅拌方式、试剂加入量等因素进行了考察和优化，结果表明：在反应温度为50℃、反应时间为10min、充分搅拌的条件下，溶液中多氯联苯的降解率可达99．999％。经初步分析确定，多氯联苯的降解产物为无毒的烃类、碳、氯离子和水等物质。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

TiO2在光催化降解水中有机污染物方面具有明显的优势。综述了pH、TiO2表面改性、载体、外加氧化剂及其他因素对TiO2光催化降解水中有机污染物催化活性的影响，讨论了光电催化 、太阳能利用等对光催化领域的推动作用，展望了这方面工作的发展方向。     

液液萃取—GC-MS法同时测定石化废水中双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯

建立了液液萃取（LLE）—气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法同时测定石化废水中双酚A（BPA）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）的新方法,对液液萃取条件进行了优化。最佳的液液萃取条件为：萃取剂为乙酸乙酯,水样调成酸性（pH<2）,每次加入萃取剂0.1 mL/mL、盐析剂NaCl 0.1 g/mL,萃取次数为6次,每次萃取时间为2 min。实验结果表明：在质量浓度1~100 mg/L的范围内,BPA和DEP测定标准曲线的线性关系良好;BPA和DEP的检出限（LOD）分别为5.18 μg/L和0.89 μg/L,定量限（LOQ）分别为17.11 μg/L和2.96 μg/L,回收率为81.4 %~124.9 %,相对标准偏差（RSD）（n=7）小于5.5 %。     

Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB,by bacteria and purification of a novel PHB depolymerase fromComamonas sp.

Bacteria capable of growing on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, as the sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various soils, lake water, activated sludge, and air. Although all bacteria utilized a wide variety of monomeric substrates for growth, most of the strains were restricted to degrade PHB and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate, P(3HB-co-3HV). Five strains were also able to decompose a homopolymer of 3-hydroxyvalerate, PHV. Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), PHO, was not degraded by any of the isolates. One strain, which was identified asComamonas sp., was selected, and the extracellular depolymerase of this strain was purified from the medium by ammonium sulfate precipitation and by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Butyl-Sepharose 4B. The purified PHB depolymerase was not a glycoprotein. The relative molecular masses of the native enzyme and of the subunits were 45,000 or 44,000, respectively. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed PHB, P(3HB-co-3HV), and—at a very low rate—also PHV. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, with six or more carbon atoms per monomer or characteristic substrates for lipases were not hydrolyzed. In contrast to the PHB depolymerases ofPseudomonas lemoignei andAlcaligenes faecalis T₁, which are sensitive toward phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and which hydrolyze PHB mainly to the dimeric and trimeric esters of 3-hydroxybutyrate, the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was insensitive toward PMSF and hydrolyzed PHB to monomeric 3-hydroxybutyrate indicating a different mechanism of PHB hydrolysis. Furthermore, the pH optimum of the reaction catalyzed by the depolymerase ofComamonas sp. was in the alkaline range at 9.4.     

Environmental Degradation of Blends of Atactic Poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] with Natural PHBV in Baltic Sea Water and Compost with Activated Sludge

Degradation of atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (a-PHB) binary blends with natural poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 12 mol% of 3HV units), has been investigated and compared with plain PHBV in the compost containing activated sludge and under marine exposure conditions in the dynamic water of the Baltic Sea. Characteristic parameters of compost and the Baltic Sea water were monitored during the incubation period (6 weeks) and their influence on the degree of biodegradation is discussed. After specified degradation times of the experiments the weight loss of the samples, surface changes, changes in molecular weight and polydispersity as well as changes of the composition and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends have been evaluated. Macroscopic observations of the samples were accompanied by investigations using optical microscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile testing. The degree of degradation of blends of a-PHB with PHBV depends on the blend composition and environmental conditions. In both environments studied the weight loss of plain PHBV was more significant than changes the molecular weight. In both environments only enzymatic degradation of the blends, which proceeds via surface erosion mechanisms, was observed during the incubation period.