磁性纳米材料在循环肿瘤细胞检测中的研究进展

Recently, magnetic nanomaterials are widely applied in biomedical area owing to their unique physical and chemical properties.Herein, we introduce the progress of application of magnetic nanomaterials in cell separation, especially, in detection of circulating tumor cells from human whole blood.     

磁性纳米粒子在生物医药领域的研究进展

磁性纳米粒子具有生物相容性良好、比表面积大和饱和磁化强度高等优点,在磁共振造影成像、靶向药物运输以及控制释放、磁性分离提纯、磁感应肿瘤热疗和靶向基因治疗等方面都有广泛应用.本文概述了磁性纳米粒子的基本性质以及其在靶向给药与磁治疗、磁分离与磁检测以及磁催化方面的应用进展.     

功能化磁性纳米材料在糖蛋白及糖肽富集中的研究进展

蛋白质糖基化作为最重要的翻译后修饰之一,在生物体诸如细胞信号转导、蛋白质翻译调控、免疫应答等诸多生命过程中发挥重要作用。此外,蛋白质的异常糖基化还与肿瘤等疾病的发生发展密切相关,这为以糖蛋白为目标的疾病生物标志物的发现提供了可能。尽管质谱已经成为糖蛋白质组学的重要分析工具,但糖肽的低丰度和低电离效率使得其直接质谱分析仍面临挑战。在糖蛋白质组学研究中,从复杂的生物样品中富集糖蛋白和糖肽是重要的环节。磁性固相萃取(MSPE)是一种操作简单、成本低和萃取效率高的样品预处理方法。在磁性固相萃取中,磁性吸附剂是影响萃取效果的关键,将功能化磁性纳米材料作为吸附剂进行糖蛋白质组学研究已经得到广泛应用。该文综述了糖分子、离子液体、凝集素、硼酸亲和配体、金属有机框架、共价有机骨架等功能化磁性纳米材料的制备及其在糖蛋白及糖肽富集中的应用。上述功能化磁性纳米材料具有高比表面积、大量作用位点等特点,其富集机理包括亲水相互作用色谱、凝集素亲和作用色谱、硼酸化学法和肼化学法等,主要应用于血清、血浆、细胞、组织、唾液等样品的糖蛋白和糖肽的富集。该文引用了近十年来发表的约90篇源于科学引文索引(SCI)与中文核心期刊的相关论文,并于文末对磁性纳米材料在糖蛋白和糖肽富集领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

功能化磁性纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用研究进展

随着分析化学所面临的样品性质的复杂程度越来越高,被检测物质的浓度要求越来越低,在色谱及质谱分析前进行准确、高效的样品前处理过程就显得尤为重要。磁性固相萃取法由于其合成方法简单、易于分离、萃取效率高等优点,被认为是一种高效的样品预处理方法。Fe₃O₄磁性纳米材料由于分离速度快,分散性、生物相容性好等特点,近年来被广泛用于分离分析等各个领域。为了提高Fe₃O₄磁性纳米材料的物理和化学的稳定性,使其具备更高效的吸附分离能力,需要对其进行功能化的修饰。本文综述了近年来由碳基纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物、离子液体、硼酸亲和配体、金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、量子点、金属氧化物等功能化磁性纳米材料的制备及其在生物、环境污染物、食品样品等样品前处理中的应用,并对这一领域发展进行了展望。     

纳米材料应用于DNA检测领域的研究进展

本文主要评述了近年来纳米材料在除了PCR领域以外的DNA检测方面的研究进展.对以纳米材料(纳米粒子、纳米纤维、纳米线、纳米管)为单元,或以纳米器件的制备为实验方法而开展的DNA检测方面的工作进行了介绍.研究表明,基于纳米材料的DNA检测法,无论是在定位、可视化还是多重检测等方面都比传统PCR技术的检测方法表现出其自身的...     

中空磁性金属微纳米材料的特性及应用研究进展

中空磁性金属微纳米材料因其具有超大比表面积,生物相容性及优异的电、光、化学和磁特性,在国防民生、催化、能源环境、生物医学等领域广泛应用。结合国内外研究现状,就中空磁性金属微纳米材料的吸波性能、催化特性、电化学特性、生物相容性和磁特性及其应用等方面的研究进展、尚存问题和未来发展趋势展开述评。     

Fe3O4磁性纳米材料在水处理中的应用研究进展

磁性纳米材料由于具有特殊的顺磁性和易分离性而被广泛应用于水处理中的吸附剂、催化剂及药物载体等领域.本文综述了近几年来Fe3 O4磁性纳米材料在去除水体中的重金属离子、有机染料、抗生素及磷酸盐等污染物方面的应用,并对磁性纳米材料在制备和应用方面亟待解决的问题进行了总结和展望.     

纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用

目前应用于生物医学中的纳米材料的主要类型有纳米碳材料、纳米高分子材料、纳米复合材料等.纳米材料在生物医学的许多方面都有广泛的应用前景.     

中空磁性金属微纳米材料种类及合成方法的研究进展

中空磁性金属微纳米材料在国防民生、新型能源、环境修复、生物医学等诸多领域应用广泛,高效合成性能优异的该材料一直是材料化学的研究热点。综述了中空磁性金属微纳米材料的种类及合成方法的研究进展,为进一步研发和优化该材料提供参考。     

半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射基底的研究进展

在总结半导体纳米材料作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的一些相关研究工作的基础上, 讨论了半导体纳米粒子SERS基底的增强效应与纳米材料的种类、尺寸的相关性; 对半峰宽、激发波长进行了分析, 并对半导体纳米材料作为SERS基底时, 化学增强、电磁增强、纳米半导体缺陷和激子波尔半径的影响等进行了阐述.     

Shape Control of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Shape control of inorganic nanocrystals is important for understanding basic size- and shape-dependent scaling laws, and may be useful in a wide range of applications. Methods for controlling the shapes of inorganic nanocrystals are evolving rapidly. This paper will focus on how we currently control the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals using CdSe as example.     

半导体纳米晶在生物标记领域的应用

对半导体纳米晶的概念、性质、应用前景进行了概述,详细介绍了以ZnS、ZnSe半导体纳米晶体为代表的由IIB-VI族原子组成的低毒半导体纳米晶的制备、光谱学性质及其当前在生物标记领域的应用.     

ZnS:Co2+半导体纳米晶的制备及性能研究

半导体纳米晶,由于其具有量子尺寸效应、介电限域效应、表面效应等而表现出一系列特殊而优良的发光特性,如发光效率高、荧光光谱窄而且对称、激发光谱宽并且连续分布,特别是通过改变纳米颗粒的尺寸及引入Co2+、Cr2+等二价过渡金属离子可以调控发射峰的位置,获得中红外波段发光的材料.这些特性使其在生物探针[1]、激光器[2]、光发射二极管[3]等方面都具有广阔的应用前景.     

半导体纳米晶体的光致发光特性及在生物材料荧光标记中的应用

介绍了半导体纳米晶体（亦称量子点）的结构特征和光致发光特点,并与有机荧光染料分子的光致发光性质作了对比。结合本实验室所做的工作,对半导体纳米晶体用于生物材料的连接、标记和检测作了综述。     

Probing the Exciton Density of States in Semiconductor Nanocrystals Using Integrated Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Summary.  We present the results of a comparative analysis of the absorption and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra vs. integrated photoluminescence (IPL) measured as a function of the excitation wavelength for a number of samples containing II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) produced by different techniques. The structure of the absorption and PL spectra due to excitons confined in NCs and difficulties with the correct interpretation of the transmittance and PLE results are discussed. It is shown that, compared to the conventional PLE, the IPL intensity plotted against the excitation wavelength (IPLE spectra) reproduce better the structure of the absorption spectra. Therefore, IPLE spectroscopy can be successfully used for probing the quantized electron-hole (e-h) transitions in semiconductor nanocrystals. Received October 16, 2001. Accepted (revised) January 7, 2002     

Probing the Exciton Density of States in Semiconductor Nanocrystals Using Integrated Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

 We present the results of a comparative analysis of the absorption and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra vs. integrated photoluminescence (IPL) measured as a function of the excitation wavelength for a number of samples containing II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) produced by different techniques. The structure of the absorption and PL spectra due to excitons confined in NCs and difficulties with the correct interpretation of the transmittance and PLE results are discussed. It is shown that, compared to the conventional PLE, the IPL intensity plotted against the excitation wavelength (IPLE spectra) reproduce better the structure of the absorption spectra. Therefore, IPLE spectroscopy can be successfully used for probing the quantized electron-hole (e-h) transitions in semiconductor nanocrystals.     

Basic Principles and Current Trends in Colloidal Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals

The principal methods for the synthesis of highly luminescent core–shell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of the most widely used CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, and other A^IIB^VI nanocrystals are reviewed. One‐pot versus multistage core synthesis approaches are discussed. The noninjection one‐pot method ensures slow, controllable growth of core nanocrystals starting from magic‐size seed recrystallization, which yields defect‐free cores with strictly specified sizes and shapes and a high monodispersity. Subsequent injection of shell precursors allows the formation of gradient core–shell QDs with a smooth potential barrier for electrons and holes, without strains or interfacial defects, and, as a consequence, a luminescence quantum yield (QY) approaching 100 %. These general approaches can also be applied to semiconductor core–shell QDs other than A^IIB^VI ones to cover the broad spectral range from the near‐UV to IR regions of the optical spectrum, thus displacing fluorescent organic dyes from their application areas.     

Directing the Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solution: Role of Electrostatics

In this study, we demonstrate a new insight into the growth stage of aqueous semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs); namely, that the experimental variable‐dependent growth rate and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are understandable according to electrostatics. In this context, the aqueous NCs possess (from core outwards) an inorganic core, ligand layer, adsorbed layer, and a diffuse layer. The presence of an electric double‐layer not only makes the NCs dispersible in the colloidal solution, but also governs the migration of monomers and monomer adsorption on the NC surface. To maintain NC growth, monomers need to migrate through the double‐layer. Consequently, the nature of the diffuse layer influences the ability of monomer diffusion and hence the growth rate of NCs. Systematic studies reveal that the experimental variables, including precursor concentrations, pH of the solution, additional NaCl concentrations, ratio of Cd to ligand, and the nature of the ligands significantly govern the nature of the NC electric double‐layer. The experimental variables, which reduce the thickness of the diffuse layer, benefit from monomer diffusion and a rapid growth of NCs. However, on the other hand, the diffuse layer also presents a charge‐selective transfer of Cd monomers. The neutral monomers, such as the complex of Cd²⁺ and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) with 1:1 molar ratio [Cd(MPA)], migrate through the diffuse layer more easily than the charged ones [Cd(MPA)₂^2? or Cd(MPA)₃^4?], thus facilitating the growth of NCs. The nature of the adsorbed layer inside the diffuse layer, defined as the assumed interface of solid NCs and the liquid environment, also affects the growth rate and especially the PLQYs of NCs through the adsorption and coalescence of monomers on this interface. Strong interaction between the adsorbed layer and Cd monomers provides the opportunity to accelerate NC growth and to obtain NCs with high PLQYs.     

Red‐Tuned Mn d–d Emission in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Light‐emitting Mn‐doped semiconductor nanocrystals have been extensively studied for the last three decades for their intense and stable Mn d–d emission. In principle, this emission should be fixed at 585 nm (yellow), but recent studies have shown that the emission can be widely tuned even to 650 nm (red). This is a spectacular achievement as this would make Mn‐doped nanocrystals efficient and tunable light emitters. Keeping these developments in view, the chemistry of the synthesis of these materials, their photophysical processes and the expected origins of their red emission are summarized in this Minireview. All the related important studies from 1992 onwards are chronologically discussed, and one particular case is elaborated on in detail. As these materials are potentially important for biology, and photovoltaic, sensing and light‐emitting devices, this Minireview is expected to help researchers investigating the chemistry, physics and applications of these materials.     

Polyol合成法制备生物医药用超小粒径Fe3O4磁性纳米晶体

采用一罐polyol合成法还原Fe（Ⅲ）乙酰丙酮化合物制备了粒径可调、单分散、直径5nm以下的磁性Fe3O4纳米晶体．其晶粒表面为所用聚合物表面活性剂PVP所包覆．运用透射电镜／高分辨透射电镜、X射线衍射、振动样品磁强计和超导量子干涉仪对其结构和性能进行了表征．结果表明所制得的Fe3O4磁性纳米晶体在室温下显示出优良的超顺磁性,且结晶度高、分散性好、化学性质稳定同时表面易修饰．磁滞回线的模型分析说明该Fe3O4纳米晶粒是磁性单畴．该法制得的超顺磁Fe3O4纳米晶粒在生物和医学领域具有重要的应用价值．