nBn红外探测器研究进展

nBn红外探测器旨在消除肖特基-里德-霍尔产生复合电流,这将有效降低器件的暗电流并提高工作温度.由于制造工艺的兼容性和晶格匹配的衬底的存在,基于III-V化合物(包括二类超晶格材料)的nBn红外探测器得到了快速发展.通过理论模拟,基于HgCdTe材料的nBn红外探测器也能有效抑制暗电流.然而,去除价带势垒的困难阻碍了H...     

Sb基nBn型红外探测器发展现状

nBn结构红外探测器具有可消除SRH产生-复合电流和表面复合电流,实现高温工作等优点,从提出就备受全球多个研究机构青睐,并已经得到组件验证。锑基nBn结构红外探测器发展尤其迅速,已经在技术上得到突破,部分产品已经获得应用,红外探测器组件最高工作温度达150 K以上。本文从nBn结构锑基红外探测器工作原理、结构优势和国外发展现状等方面对该研究方向进行了综述报道,为高工作温度、高性能红外焦平面探测器发展提供了较好方向。     

锑化物中/中波双色红外探测器研究进展

面对第三代红外探测器对多波段探测的需求,中/中波双色同时获取两个波段的目标信息,对复杂的背景进行抑制,可以有效排除干扰源的影响,提高了探测的准确性,增强了在人工及复杂背景干扰下的目标识别能力,因此中/中波双色探测器设计和制备最近快速发展起来。锑化铟红外探测器通过分光可实现两个中波波段的探测,锑化物Ⅱ类超晶格探测器通过能带结构设计实现多波段探测。本文阐述了锑化物中/中波双色红外探测器的主要技术路线和目前研究进展,与传统InSb双色探测器相比,中/中波双色超晶格红外器件用于红外成像探测具有鲜明的特点和优势,但需要在探测器结构设计、锑化物超晶格材料生长、阵列器件制备等方面进行进一步研究,以提高探测性能,满足工程化应用需求。     

InAs/InAsSb超晶格红外中/中波双色焦平面探测器研制

超晶格材料已经成为了第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。双波段红外探测器能够通过对比两个波段内的光谱信息差异,对复杂的背景进行抑制,提高探测效果,在需求中尤为重要。本文开展了InAs/InAsSb超晶格中/中双色焦平面探测器设计及制备技术研究,从器件设计、材料外延、芯片加工等方面展开研究,制备了中心距30 μm的320×256 InAs/InAsSb二类超晶格中/中波双色焦平面探测器。器件短中波峰值探测率达到7.2×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,中波峰值探测率为6.7×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,短中波有效像元率为99.51%,中波为99.13%,获得了高质量的成像效果,实现中中双色探测。     

采用渐变吸收层的nBn红外探测器

据www.techbriefs.com网站报道,美国宇航局喷气推进实验室对一种nBn红外探测器的基本结构进行了改进.     

nBn型InAsSb探测器的材料及器件研究

nBn型红外探测器可有效抑制产生-复合电流,进而提高探测器的工作温度。由于制备工艺可移植于III/V族成熟工艺以及存在晶格完全匹配的衬底等优势,InAsSb/AlAsSb材料是nBn型红外探测器的首选。简单介绍了InAsSb/AlAsSb nBn型红外探测器的研究现状、工作原理以及近期的研究成果。通过生长试验实现了良好的材料表面质量、晶体质量和光学性能。相关结果表明,在制备器件时,nBn结构中势垒层的掺杂浓度不应低于8×1016cm-3,否则就不利于减小nBn型器件的暗电流。     

高工作温度锑化物红外探测器研究进展

随着材料制备和器件工艺技术的进步,制冷型红外探测器向着体积小、重量轻、低功耗、高性能和低成本的目标迈进。锑化物材料因其自身特殊的能带结构以及优异的光学性能,在低暗电流和高工作温度应用方面有巨大的发展潜力,可满足多种应用场景的需求。因此,开展高工作温度锑化物红外探测器的研究,具有非常重要的意义。本文综述了高工作温度锑化物红外探测器的发展状况,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

非制冷势垒型InAsSb基高速中波红外探测器

高速响应的中波红外探测器在自由空间光通信和频率梳光谱学等新兴领域的需求逐渐增加。中长波XB_nn势垒型红外光探测器对暗电流等散粒噪声具有显著抑制作用。本文在GaSb衬底上采用分子束外延技术生长了nBn和pBn两种结构的InAsSb/AlAsSb/AlSb中波红外光探测器材料,并通过微纳加工工艺制备了可用于射频响应特性测试的GSG结构探测器。XRD和AFM的测试结果表明,两种结构的外延片都具有较好的晶体质量。器件暗电流测试结果表明,相较于nBn器件,在室温和反向偏压400 mV的工作条件下,直径90 μm的pBn器件表现出更低的暗电流密度0.145 A/cm2,说明该器件在室温非制冷环境下表现出较低的噪声水平。不同台面直径的探测器的暗电流测试表明,pBn器件的表面电阻率低于对照的nBn器件的表面电阻率。另外,根据探测器的电容测试结果,可零偏压工作的pBn探测器具有完全耗尽的势垒层和部分耗尽的吸收区,nBn的吸收区也存在部分耗尽。探测器的射频响应特性表明,直径90 μm的pBn器件的响应速度在室温和3 V反向偏压下可达2.62 GHz,对照的nBn器件的响应速度仅为2.02 GHz,响应速度提升了29.7%,初步实现了在中红外波段下可快速探测的室温非制冷势垒型光电探测器。     

光导型InAsSb红外探测器的研制

针对室温（293 K）条件下使用要求,采用InAsSb单晶材料加浸没透镜制作成2～9μm波段高灵敏度光导型InAsSb红外探测器。实测光谱响应值出现在1.656 5～8.989μm。在光谱响应波段范围内,最大响应度值为对比组C2、C3组。初步实现了室温（293 K）使用要求,响应光谱2～9μm波段光导型InAsSb红外探测器设计目的。     

一种红外探测器冷屏设计方法

针对目前红外探测器冷屏的传统设计方案中隔板数量多、装配工艺难度大等问题,提出了一种简化的红外探测器冷屏设计方法.该方法减少了冷屏隔板数量,降低了冷头热质量,减少了空间对冷屏设计的限制.由于该方法忽略了窗座的热辐射,为了验证其可行性,分别采用传统方案和简化方案设计了某中波红外探测器的两种冷屏结构,并利用LightTool...     

非致冷InAsSb中长波红外探测器研究评述

作为一种新兴的红外光电材料,InAsSb由于其禁带宽度窄、电子迁移率极高等优良特性受到了世界各国的广泛关注。InAsSb探测器的优势在于：对中长波红外波段的探测而言,其在室温下也具有很高的探测率,同时InAsSb探测器具有比HgCdTe探测器更高的响应速度。这些优势使得InAsSb探测器可制成非致冷型红外探测器,容易实现仪器的小型化,大大降低成本,在某些场合成为能够取代HgCdTe的理想材料。文章分别对InAsSb探测器国内和国外的研究近况作一简要评述,从而显示出在中长波红外波段InAsSb材料广阔的应用前景。     

Electrooptical Characterization of MWIR InAsSb Detectors

InAs_1?x Sb _x material with an alloy composition of the absorber layer adjusted to achieve 200-K cutoff wavelengths in the 5-μm range has been grown. Compound-barrier (CB) detectors were fabricated and tested for optical response, and J _dark–V _d measurements were taken as a function of temperature. Based on absorption coefficient information in the literature and spectral response measurements of the midwave infrared (MWIR) nCBn detectors, an absorption coefficient formula α(Ε, x, T) is proposed. Since the presently suggested absorption coefficient is based on limited data, additional measurements of material and detectors with different x values and as a function of temperature should refine the absorption coefficient, providing more accurate parametrization. Material electronic structures were computed using a k·p formalism. From the band structure, dark-current density (J _dark) as a function of bias (V _d) and temperature (T) was calculated and matched to J _dark–V _d curves at fixed T and J _dark–T curves at constant V _d. There is a good match between simulation and data over a wide range of bias, but discrepancies that are not presently understood exist near zero bias.     

The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of AlAsSb and InAsSb/lnAs using novel source materials for Infrared Emitters

We have grown AlSb and ALAs_xSb_1-x epitaxial layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylamine or ethyldimethylamine alane, triethylantimony, and arsine. These layers were successfully doped p- or n-type using diethylzinc or tetraethyltin, respectively. We examined the growth of AlAs_xSb_1-x using temperatures of 500 to 600‡C, pressures of 65 to 630 Torr, V/III ratios of 1-17, and growth rates of 0.3 to 2.7 Μm/h in a horizontal quartz reactor. We have also grown gain-guided, injection lasers using AlAsSb for optical confinement and a strained InAsSb/lnAs multi-quantum well active region using MOCVD. The semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction are utilized as a source for injection of electrons into the active region of the laser. In pulsed mode, the laser operated up to 210K with an emission wavelength of 3.8-3.9 Μm. The dependence of active region composition on wavelength was determined. We also report on the two-color emission of a light-emitting diode with two different active regions to demonstrate multi-stage operation of these devices.     

nBn型InAs/GaSbⅡ类超晶格红外探测器光电特性研究

设计了nBn结构的InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外探测器,从理论和实验两方面对nBn器件的暗电流特性进行了研究,研究结果表明：理论计算的暗电流和实际测试结果趋势一致。另外,研制了p-i-n结构器件并与nBn器件进行了比较,测试结果显示：在77 K温度下,nBn器件的暗电流要比p-i-n器件暗电流小2个量级。温度升高到150 K时,nBn器件暗电流变大2个量级,而p-i-n器件暗电流变大4个量级;nBn器件峰值探测率下降到1/5,p-i-n器件峰值探测率下降2个量级。可见nBn器件适合高温工作,适合高性能红外焦平面探测器的研制。     

中波红外光学系统无热化设计

介绍了无热化在红外光学系统中的作用和意义,分析了温度对光学参量的影响,探讨了无热化设计方法及光学被动式无热化基本原理.设计了一种用于320×256制冷型探测器光学被动式无热化中波红外光学系统,镜筒材料采用钛合金,光学材料为硅、锗和硒化锌组合消热差.该系统在-50~70℃温度范围内,最大离焦量小于1倍焦深,空间分辨率17 lp/mm处,光学调制传递函数(MTF)值大于0.7,比较接近衍射极限,探测器单像元内能量集中度大于84%.分析结果表明:该系统具有良好的成像质量和无热效果.     

Design and Modeling of HgCdTe nBn Detectors

An n-type mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) unipolar nBn infrared detector structure is proposed as a means of achieving performance limited by intrinsic thermal carrier generation without requirements for p-type doping. Numerical modeling was utilized to calculate the current–voltage and optical response characteristics and detectivity values for HgCdTe nBn and p–n junction devices with a cut-off wavelength of 12 μm for temperatures between 50 K and 300 K. Calculations demonstrate similar dark current density, responsivity, and detectivity values within 10% for the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) nBn detector compared with the p–n junction structure for temperatures from 50 K to 95 K. These results show that the HgCdTe nBn device may be a promising alternative for achieving high performance using a simplified device structure while circumventing issues related to p-type doping in current p–n junction technology such as achieving low, controllable doping concentrations, and serving as a basis for next-generation device structures.     

Design and development of multicolor MWIR/LWIR and LWIR/VLWIR detector arrays

Multicolor infrared (IR) focal planes are required for high-performance sensor applications. These sensors will require multicolor focal plane arrays (FPAs) that will cover various wavelengths of interest in mid wavelength infrared/long wavelength infrared (MWIR/LWIR) and long wavelength infrared/very long wavelength infrared (LWIR/VLWIR) bands. There has been significant progress in HgCdTe detector technology for multicolor MWIR/LWIR and LWIR/VLWIR FPAs.^1–3 Two-color IR FPAs eliminate the complexity of multiple single-color IR FPAs and provide a significant reduction of weight and power in simpler, reliable, and affordable systems. The complexity of a multicolor IR detector MWIR/LWIR makes the device optimization by trial and error not only impractical but also merely impossible. Too many different geometrical and physical variables need to be considered at the same time. Additionally, material characteristics are only relatively controllable and depend on the process repeatability. In this context, the ability of performing “simulation experiments” where only one or a few parameters are carefully controlled is paramount for a quantum improvement of a new generation of multicolor detectors for various applications.     

折反射中波红外探测无热化成像系统设计分析

系统研究分析了红外光学系统中各个光学参数随温度变化的影响情况,根据红外硫系光学材料折射率温度系数较小的特点,并结合折反射结构良好的消热差特性,应用Code-v光学设计软件设计了一种折反式中波红外探测无热化成像系统,系统工作波段为3.7～4.8 m,焦距为109.7 mm,全视场角为6.4,F/#为2.0,满足100%冷光阑效率,采用锗、硫化锌和硫系玻璃AMTIR1三种红外材料,设计结果表明,该系统在低温-40 ℃、高温60 ℃时的成像质量和常温20 ℃的成像质量变化不大,取得了良好的成像性能,可匹配像元尺寸为30 m,像元数320256的凝视型焦平面阵列中波红外探测器。