明胶微球乙型肝炎疫苗的研究

用明胶作为原材料制备出10～100μm直径的明胶微球，用来包裹乙肝疫苗抗原，其包裹率为90％以上。免疫动物后抗－HBS在3～4个月达到高峰，10个月仍能维持较高水平（S／N为80～90）。微球疫苗优于Al佐剂疫苗，也优于含Al佐剂微球疫苗。明胶微球制备方法简单，抗原不接触有机溶剂。用琼脂糖、明胶＋阿拉伯胶等均能制成微球，且均可包裹成功。明胶微球可以成功地制备出HB－DT微球疫苗，关于它们的制备条件和免疫效果有待进一步观察和改进。     

明胶等电点对明胶微球分散度影响的研究

以不同等电点的明胶为原料,用浊度分光光度法和毛细管等电点聚焦法测定了它们的等电点,用乳化法在归一化的介质酸碱度下制备了一系列微球,考察了明胶等电点对所制得微球的分散度的影响。结果表明,等电点越接近溶液pH值的明胶,制得的微球直径越小,分布越均匀,球形和流动性越好;等电点偏离溶液pH值越远的明胶,制得的微球直径越大,分布越不均匀,球形和流动性越差。因此,乳化法制备明胶微球时应该把溶液pH值调至尽可能接近所用明胶的等电点值。这是微球设计和制备必须遵循的一条重要准则。     

明胶微球的研究进展

明胶具有许多优良的物理、化学性质和生物学特性,是一种制备微球的优质材料。明胶微球因为其优异的性能,已经引起了人们的广泛兴趣。本文综述了明胶微球的性质、制备方法及在生物、医学、化学等领域的应用。     

明胶铈纤维的热交联性能研究

明胶/铈(Ⅲ)(GCe)纤维是以明胶和硝酸亚铈为原料,用湿法纺丝制得,它具有高拉伸强度。本文对热交联后的明胶/铈(Ⅲ)(HGCe)纤维结构和性能进行了表征。通过光学显微镜观察发现,表面光滑的热交联后的明胶/铈(Ⅲ)纤维直径范围为60~90微米;力学性能实验表明,热交联后的明胶/铈(Ⅲ)纤维拉伸强度明显增强。通过体外细胞毒性的研究初步评价明胶/铈(Ⅲ)纤维的生物相容性,发现明胶/铈(Ⅲ)纤维无细胞毒性。     

热降解明胶的研究

报道了明胶热降解反应,并考察了明胶质量分数、降解时间、降解温度、明胶溶液pH值等因素对明胶热降解反应的影响规律。结果表明:热催化是明胶降解的有效方法,较合适的降解条件为明胶质量分数10%,体系pH值7.00,降解温度121℃,降解时间2 h。     

明胶微球粒径影响因素的研究

本文采用乳化-凝聚法制备明胶微球,详细考察了明胶浓度、水油比、搅拌速度、乳化剂种类和浓度等条件对微球粒径、表面形貌的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜等测试手段研究了明胶微球的表面形貌,通过测量电镜照片上200个微球的直径,计算出了微球的粒径大小及分布,研究了其中的规律。     

—明胶微球乙型肝炎疫功地的研究

用明胶作为原材料制备出１０－１００μｍ直径的明胶微球，用来囊乙肝产凤苗抗原，其包裹率为９０％以上，免疫动物后抗－ＨＢｓ在３－４个月达到高峰，１０个月仍能维持较高水平。微球疫苗优于Ａｌ佐剂疫苗，也优于含Ａｌ佐剂球疫苗。     

戊二醛与甲醛交联壳聚糖微球的比较研究

壳聚糖微球是肥料和农药的重要缓释载体之一。根据相关实验数据及文献显示,纯的壳聚糖成球性能差,易溶解,需要加入一定的交联剂、乳化剂和致孔剂对其进行交联改性,改善微球的性能。分别采用戊二醛、甲醛两种交联剂,通过乳化-化学交联方法制备壳聚糖微球。通过扫描电子显微镜对壳聚糖微球表面、内部结构及形态特征进行观察,测量壳聚糖微球粒径的大小。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)以及交联度测试对两种交联微球进行了对比。结果表明:以戊二醛为交联剂所制得的壳聚糖微球各个方面性能均优于以甲醛为交联剂所制得的壳聚糖微球。     

明胶海绵中明胶交联度的测定

利用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸与肽链中赖氨酸侧链ε-氨基发生反应,生成在346nm波长处有最大吸收峰的三硝基苯衍生物;测定明胶与甲醛发生交联前后明胶蛋白质肽链赖氨酸侧链ε-氨基数量变化,从而推知吸收性明胶海绵中明胶的交联程度。吸收性明胶海绵样品中明胶的交联度约为60%,这一结果为进一步提高该产品质量和性能提供依据。     

缓释药物载体明胶微球酸水解影响因素的研究

采用乳化交联法制备明胶微球(GMS),以柠檬酸为水解促进剂,利用双缩脲法研究了反应时间、温度及pH值对GMS及明胶水解程度的影响。结果表明,GMS水解的速率随反应时间的增长或温度的增高而加快,随水解pH值的增高而减慢;同等条件下,相比于GMS,明胶的水解较为彻底,在酸性环境中不如GMS稳定;GMS水解过程的SEM图进一步表明,在酸液的作用下,GMS溶胀后表面光滑致密,药物只能通过骨架缓慢扩散或交联结构的水解而缓慢释放,避免了药物突释。优化反应条件为:在水解时间3 h,温度80℃,pH值2时,GMS的水解较为彻底。     

明胶/羟基磷灰石复合物微球中明胶对无机相影响的研究

在油包水的乳液体系中,通过原位合成的方法使羟基磷灰石(HAP)在明胶链上化学沉积,改变明胶溶液的浓度,制得了一系列的明胶/HAP复合物微球.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和热失重分析仪(TGA)等对产物的组成、形貌以及热失重情况进行了表征.结果表明,明胶用量对复合物微球中HAP的形成具有重要影响.在明胶溶液浓度为0.025 g/mL时,明胶分子链提供的结合位点恰好与溶液中游离的Ca2+、PO43-等离子达到平衡状态,复合物微球中无机相含量达40%,这是明胶与HAP以化学键合的形式结合所能得到的最大值.     

相变储能保温砂浆的应用及节能效果

研制的相变储能保温砂浆具有保温隔热、A级防火、相变调温、低碳环保等特点,用于内外墙保温具有显著的节能效果。     

5-氟尿嘧啶明胶微球的制备、表征及释药性能

为了获得粒径为50～100μm的5-氟尿嘧啶／明胶微球（5-Fu／GMs）,采用乳化一化学交联法,讨论了5-Fu用量、乳化剂浓度和水／油比等因素对微球平均粒径、载药量及包封率等的影响。结果表明,5-Fu／明胶质量比为0．5,乳化剂浓度为0．5％和水／油相体积比为1／10时,可获得最大的载药量30．1％和包封率90．2％。体外释药性能表明5-氟尿嘧啶明胶微球具有明显的药物缓释作用。     

快速膜乳化法制备尺寸均一的载硫酸亚铁明胶微球

采用快速膜乳化技术,以大豆油为油相、葡萄糖为固化剂,制备均一载硫酸亚铁明胶微球,考察了制备参数对明胶微球形貌和均一性的影响. 结果表明,优化的制备参数为明胶溶液浓度0.200 g/mL、乳化剂浓度0.07 g/mL、初乳均质转速10000 r/min、固化反应时间20 min. 在该条件下制备了球形圆整、平均粒径为50 μm的均一载FeSO4明胶微球,FeSO4包埋率达44.12%,Fe2+含量为60.8%.     

One‐Step Microwave Approach to Generate Carbon Dots/Gelatin Composite with Both Thermoresponsive Sol–Gel Transition and Fluorescence Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn considerable research interest for their attractive applications in sensors, bioimaging, and photonic devices. Here, an aqueous gelatin solution is employed as the only reactant to directly generate a CDs/gelatin composite through a green and simple one‐step microwave approach. The resulting CDs/gelatin composite owns a typical excitation‐dependent photoluminescence property that comes from CDs, which can be potentially applied for multicolor fluorescence bioimaging. More importantly, the CDs/gelatin composite possesses a thermoresponsive sol–gel transition property that is associated with gelatin, which can be exquisitely enlisted to fabricate CDs/gelatin gel beads and fluorescent gel patterns. Also the release of CDs from the gel beads can be triggered by the thermoresponsive sol–gel transition. Thus, for the first time this study creates the CDs/gelatin composite with both thermoresponsive sol–gel transition and fluorescence properties, which is promising for applications in stimuli‐responsive materials, nanocomposites, controlled release, and fluorescence imaging.     

明胶酰化改性的应用

通过明胶活泼氨基的酰化反应,可以接入憎水性的芳基改变明胶的水溶性;而二元酸酐酰化反应可改变氨基、羧基的比例,从而降低了明胶的等电点。这些改性赋与明胶许多新的性质和用途。本文重点介绍明胶酰化改性产物在照相乳剂、血浆代用品等方面的应用。     

水解明胶对明胶流变性能的影响

明胶是一种大分子,因其优越的理化性质而应用于生活的方方面面。但在实际生产应用中,明胶的高粘度和易结冻的性质可能是需要克服的一大困难。本文考察了在明胶中掺入水解明胶后明胶的流变性能的变化情况,期望能通过此种方法解决明胶粘性强易结冻的问题。     

Gelatin/montmorillonite hybrid nanocomposite. I. Preparation and properties

Gelatin/montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid nanocomposite was directly prepared with unmodified MMT and gelatin aqueous solution. Thermal and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile tests. The results indicated that an intercalated or partially exfoliated nanocomposite could be achieved, and the properties of the composite were significantly improved. A T_g peak of high temperature disappeared in the DSC curve of the composite, and the thermogravity and thermally decomposed rate decreased obviously. The tensile strength and Young's modulus were also improved notably, which varied with MMT content, as well as the pH of gelatin matrix. Meanwhile, SEM photographs showed a plasticizing trend of gelatin fracture surface due to intercalation with MMT. Furthermore, the wet mechanical behavior was initially studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1189–1194, 2002     

木瓜蛋白酶水解明胶制备多肽的工艺研究

以明胶为原料,用木瓜蛋白酶降解制备多肽。试验中用甲醛滴定法和三氯醋酸法(TCA)测定明胶水解度,并将两种方法进行比较。得出甲醛滴定法简单易行便于过程控制,适合于工业生产需要。并系统的研究了pH、温度、酶量、底物浓度、以及反应时间等因素对明胶降解的影响,确定了制备护发调理剂最佳的水解工艺条件:底物浓度5%(w/v)明胶溶液,pH=7.0,木瓜蛋白酶量0.20%～0.30%,反应温度60℃,反应时间60 min。     

Enhanced Bonding Strength of Hydrophobically Modified Gelatin Films on Wet Blood Vessels

The bonding behavior between hydrophobically modified alkaline-treated gelatin (hm-AlGltn) films and porcine blood vessels was evaluated under wet conditions. Hexanoyl (Hx: C₆), decanoyl (Dec: C₁₀), and stearyl (Ste: C₁₈) chlorides were introduced into the amino groups of AlGltn to obtain HxAlGltn, DecAlGltn, and SteAlGltn, respectively, with various modification percentages. The hm-AlGltn was fabricated into films and thermally crosslinked to obtain water-insoluble films (t-hm-AlGltn). The 42% modified t-HxAlGltn (t-42HxAlGltn) possessed higher wettability than the 38% modified t-DecAlGltn (t-38DecAlGltn) and the 44% modified t-SteAlGltn (t-44SteAlGltn) films, and the t-42HxAlGltn film showed a high bonding strength with the blood vessel compared with all the hm-AlGltn films. Histological observations indicated that t-42HxAlGltn and t-38DecAlGltn remained on the blood vessel even after the bonding strength measurements. From cell culture experiments, the t-42HxAlGltn films showed significant cell adhesion compared to other films. These findings indicate that the Hx group easily interpenetrated the surface of blood vessels and effectively enhanced the bonding strength between the films and the tissue.