冰盖下两层流体水波与可渗透起伏海床的作用(英文)

The scattering problem involving water waves by small undulation on the porous ocean-bed in a two-layer fluid,is investigated within the framework of the two-dimensional linear water wave theory where the upper layer is covered by a thin uniform sheet of ice modeled as a thin elastic plate.In such a two-layer fluid there exist waves with two different modes,one with a lower wave number propagate along the ice-cover whilst those with a higher wave number propagate along the interface.An incident wave of a particular wave number gets reflected and transmitted over the bottom undulation into waves of both modes.Perturbation analysis in conjunction with the Fourier transform technique is used to derive the first-order corrections of reflection and transmission coefficients for both the modes due to incident waves of two different modes.One special type of bottom topography is considered as an example to evaluate the related coefficients in detail.These coefficients are depicted in graphical forms to demonstrate the transformation of wave energy between the two modes and also to illustrate the effects of the ice sheet and the porosity of the undulating bed.     

Scattering of oblique surface water waves by thin vertical barrier over undulating bed topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green’s integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.     

水底地形变化对摇板造波的影响

In the present paper,the effect of a small bottom undulation of the sea bed in the form of periodic bed form on the surface waves generated due to a rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of non uniform finite depth is investigated.A simplified perturbation technique involving a non dimensional parameter characterizing the smallness of the bottom deformation is applied to reduce the given boundary value problem to two independent boundary value problems upto first order.The first boundary value problem corresponds to the problem of water wave generation due to rolling oscillation of a vertical barrier either partially immersed or completely submerged in water of uniform finite depth.This is a well known problem whose solution is available in the literature.From the second boundary value problem,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity is evaluated in terms of the shape function characterizing the bottom undulation,by employing Green’s integral theorem.For a patch of sinusoidal ripples at the sea bottom,the first order correction to the wave amplitude at infinity for both the configuration of the barrier is then evaluated numerically and illustrated graphically for various values of the wave number.It is observed that resonant interaction of the wave generated,with the sinusoidal bottom undulation occurs when the ratio of twice the wavelength of the sinusoidal ripple to the wave length of waves generated,approaches unity.Also it is found that the resonance increases as the length of the barrier increases.     

Water wave scattering by a sphere submerged in uniform finite depth water with an ice-cover

Using the multipole method, we formulate the problem of water wave scattering by a submerged sphere in uniform finite water depth with an ice-cover, the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. This leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by standard techniques. The vertical and horizontal forces on the sphere are obtained and depicted graphically against the wave number for various values of the depth of water and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of the presence of ice-cover and also the effect of varying depth of water on these quantities. When the flexural rigidity is taken to be zero, the numerical results exactly coincide with the curves of the vertical and horizontal forces on the sphere for the cases of uniform finite depth water with a free surface.     

Wave scattering by undulating bed topography in a two-layer ocean

The problem of wave scattering by undulating bed topography in a two-layer ocean is investigated on the basis of linear theory. In a two-layer fluid with the upper layer having a free surface, there exist two modes of waves propagating at both the free surface of the upper layer and the interface between the two layers. Due to a wave train of a particular mode incident on an obstacle which is bottom-standing on the lower layer, reflected and transmitted waves of both modes are created by the obstacle. For small undulations on the bottom of the lower layer, a perturbation method is employed to obtain first-order reflection and transmission coefficients of both modes for incident wave trains of again both modes in terms of integrals involving the bed-shape function. For sinusoidal undulations, numerical results are presented graphically to illustrate the energy transfer between the waves of different modes by the undulating bed. U. BASU was born in 1949. She is a professor in the Department Applied Mathematics, Calcutta University, India. Her current research interests include water wave problems, continuum mechanics, etc.     

Scattering of surface water waves involving semi-infinite floating elastic plates on water of finite depth

Two problems of scattering of surface water waves involving a semi-infinite elastic plate and a pair of semi-infinite elastic plates,separated by a gap of finite width,floating horizontally on water of finite depth,are investigated in the present work for a two-dimensional time-harmonic case.Within the frame of linear water wave theory,the solutions of the two boundary value problems under consideration have been represented in the forms of eigenfunction expansions.Approximate values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by solving an over-determined system of linear algebraic equations in each problem.In both the problems,the method of least squares as well as the singular value decomposition have been employed and tables of numerical values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for specific choices of the parameters for modelling the elastic plates.Our main aim is to check the energy balance relation in each problem which plays a very important role in the present approach of solutions of mixed boundary value problems involving Laplace equations.The main advantage of the present approach of solutions is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained by using both the methods are found to satisfy the energy-balance relations associated with the respective scattering problems under consideration.The absolute values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented graphically against different values of the wave numbers.     

基于灰色理论的海浪实时预报

在气垫船高速行进过程中,由于其自身的特点,对其运动参数进行精确控制时,需要对海浪进行实时预报,以减小滤波的滞后.文中基于ITTC双参数谱对海浪数据进行了仿真,并将灰色GM(1,1)模型用于海浪信号的实时预报.针对海浪数据的特殊性,提出一种新型的数据预处理方法.预报结果可知,经过镜像数据预处理后,灰色GM(1,1)模型完全可以对海浪数据进行实时预报,其精度满足实际工程需要.     

柔性连接水面无人三体船规则波中运动特性粘流数值仿真

针对水面无人船适应复杂海况航行的需求,提出一种适用于三体船的柔性连接桥原理构型。通过构建粘流数值波浪水池并结合重叠网格技术,实现了具有主体和侧体共六自由度的相对运动的流体动力学仿真。仿真结果初步表明,采用柔性连接桥后能够有效改善三体船在波浪中航行的阻力性能,且在一定波长范围内可以改善垂荡性能。     

基于Simulink的潜器在海浪中运动的实时仿真

以随机长峰波海浪作为模型,利用流体力学和波浪理论的原理对潜器在波浪中的运动进行受力分析,建立了潜器的横摇、纵摇和起伏运动的数学模型,用S函数进行各种海况下波浪力的计算和微分方程的求解,运用Matlab中的Simulink控件对潜器在海浪中的运动进行实时仿真,结果表明该方法能够比较真实地模拟各种海况下潜器在海浪中的运动情况.     

Diffraction of oblique water waves by small uneven channel-bed in a two-layer fluid

Obliquely incident water wave scattering by an uneven channel-bed in the form of a small bottom undulation in a two-layer fluid is investigated within the frame work of three-dimensional linear water wave theory. The upper fluid is assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid, while the lower one is bounded below by a bottom surface having a small deformation and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. Assuming irrotational motion, perturbation technique is employed to calculate the first-order corrections to the velocity potentials in the two fluids by using Fourier transform approximately, and also to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the component of the wave number along x-axis and the ripple wave number. When this ratio approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and interface, and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples. High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.     

Drift force on a bottom-mounted slightly porous vertical cylinder fixed in regular waves

 Explicit expressions are derived for the drift force that will act on a bottom-mounted, slightly porous vertical cylinder fixed in regular waves. The drift-force expressions derived both from the near-field and the far-field are shown. It is indicated, and numerically demonstrated, that the conventional far-field formula does not hold for a porous body, but needs the additional term of a near-field body-surface integration. Received: July 4, 2002 / Accepted: November 6, 2002 Acknowledgment. The author would like to acknowledge Prof. Kashiwagi, of Kyushu University, for indicating the work of Havelock relating to Eq. 20. Address correspondence to: H. Kagemoto (e-mail: kagemoto@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp)     

不规则波作用下带基床直立堤平均越浪量试验研究

针对不规则波作用下带基床直立堤的平均越浪量问题,采用物理模型试验的方法,对堤顶超高、波高、周期以及基床等因素对越浪量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:堤顶超高和周期是直立堤平均越浪量的重要影响因素。当基床相对宽度B_t/H_s=1～4. 7时,基床宽度对平均越浪量的影响有限。同时,平均越浪量随着基床影响系数h~*的增大先增大后迅速减小,在h~*=15附近出现峰值,而在h~*=30之后基本不变。根据试验结果,提出了直立堤平均越浪量计算方法,为实际工程设计提供参考。     

Hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular cylinder oscillating in waves and a small current

A complete theory to obtain semianalytical solutions of the wave drift damping for a circular cylinder freely oscillating in waves is developed. The wave drift damping can be significantly increased by heave and pitch motions. Effects of the draft of the cylinder and effects of the water depth are shown. The effective evaluation of the free-surface integral and the corner problem are also discussed, and the computed results of the far and near field formulations are compared. These semianalytical solutions may prove to be important in providing validation of results obtained by numerical techniques such as the higher-order boundary element method.     

Estimation of the wave direction of ship waves generated by a small vessel using the multiple signal classification method

It is very important to estimate the waves generated by a small vessel so as to investigate their effects on floating bodies within the scope of fisheries and ocean engineering. Simplified methods for estimating the wave heights and periods of ship waves have been presented in previous studies. However, estimating the direction of ship waves is not easy. The focus of the present study is to develop an analytical technique to determine the direction of ship waves based on the measurements in field experiments. The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method is newly proposed for determining the direction of ship waves. For high ship speeds, the directional spectrum of ship waves estimated by MUSIC resulted in a sharp monotone peak, and the estimated directions of ship waves were very similar to the results of field experiments using an actual small vessel. The proposed MUSIC method has thus been confirmed to be effective in estimating ship wave directions with high resolution.     

A note on the solution of water wave scattering problem involving small deformation on a porous channel-bed

The solution of water wave scattering problem involving small deformation on a porous bed in a channel, where the upper surface is bounded above by an infinitely extent rigid horizontal surface, is studied here within the framework of linearized water wave theory. In such a situation, there exists only one mode of waves propagating on the porous surface. A simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter ε ( ? 1), which measures the smallness of the deformation, is employed to reduce the governing Boundary Value Problem (BVP) to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. The first-order potential function and, hence, the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by the method based on Fourier transform technique as well as Green’s integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green’s function. Two special examples of bottom deformation: the exponentially damped deformation and the sinusoidal ripple bed, are considered to validate the results. For the particular example of a patch of sinusoidal ripples, the resonant interaction between the bed and the upper surface of the fluid is attained in the neighborhood of a singularity, when the ripples wavenumbers of the bottom deformation become approximately twice the components of the incident field wavenumber along the positive x-direction. Also, the main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.     

变密度深水中的内波向水面的垂直传播

本文探讨了内波向上传播的衰减形式和处于海洋深处潜艇兴起的内波有无可能被微波探测到的问题.旨在将自航体内波的研究与星载(机载)合成孔径雷达(SAR)的微波探测联系起来,供潜艇非声探测和SAR制造单位参考.     

小水线面复合单体无人艇纵摇运动模式研究

本文以小水线面复合单体无人艇为研究对象,在2种吃水条件下,不同初始纵摇角纵摇衰减运动模型试验,测得纵摇角度随时间变化的曲线,共建立4种纵摇衰减运动模式的系统辨识运动方程,基于系统辨识理论和多种现代优化算法设计并改编了计算软件。通过系统辨识后目标函数的比较,确定了最适合此艇型的纵摇运动辨识方程,得到方程中各力矩系数拟和值,且系统辨识角速度和试验角速度的误差范围平均在4%以内,验证了辨识系统的可靠性。选取其中一种典型角度下的纵摇数据作为辨识依据,讨论2种吃水下水动力矩与时间的变化关系。与同吨位单体滑行艇纵摇运动模式进行比较,表明小水线面单体无人艇纵摇衰减能力较强。     

荆江河段高滩守护工程护底排边缘冲刷试验研究

针对长江中游荆江河段复杂的水沙条件和地形条件,建立概化水槽模型,对高滩守护工程护底排边缘冲刷开展试验研究。分别研究了不同流速、压载条件、排体长度对冲刷坑最大深度和水下稳定边坡系数的影响,提出了荆江河段高滩守护护底排边缘水下冲刷坑的计算公式,并确定了不同工况条件下荆江河段水下稳定边坡系数宜取0.5,为高滩守护工程护底排长度的确定奠定了基础。     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.