2型糖尿病患者胰岛素样生长因子1水平及相关影响因素

为了探讨2型糖尿病(T2D)患者外周血血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平与糖脂代谢水平的关系,分析T2D患者血清IGF-1的相关影响因素。通过选取2010年5月～2012年1月就诊于内蒙古医科大学附属医院、内蒙古中医院内分泌科的179例T2D住院患者作为病例组(T2D组),另选取30例内蒙古医科大学体检中心正常健康体检者作为对照组(CK组)。采集研究对象空腹外周血,应用ELISA法检测血清IGF-1水平;检测T2D患者生化血脂指标和糖代谢指标水平,利用调查问卷收集研究对象的一般资料、行为习惯和体格检查,计算体质指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛素敏感性指数(HOMA-IS)。将T2D组患者IGF-1水平按照第25、75百分位数分为低IGF-1水平组(B组)、中IGF-1水平组(C组)和高IGF-1水平组(D组),CK组为对照组(A组)进行比较的方法,研究IGF-1水平与以上指标的相关性。结果表明:T2D组与CK组IGF-1水平差异显著(P 0. 01)。A组、B组、C组和D组比较中,年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动情况及BMI差异显著(P 0. 05);空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2PPBS)和糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)差异有统计学意义;三组载脂蛋白A(Apoal)均与对照组差异显著,D组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与A组相比差异有统计学意义。相关性分析显示,血清IGF-1水平与运动情况(Spearman铁相关系数为0. 23,P=0. 001)存在关联。以IGF-1浓度为因变量的多因素Logistic回归分析中,血清IGF-1水平与胰岛素敏感性、年龄、BMI和Apoal、FPG、空腹胰岛素(FINS)及Hb Alc的交互作用正相关,与HDL-C负相关。可见胰岛素敏感性、年龄、BMI及Apoal、FPG、FINS与Hb Alc的交互作用可能为IGF-1水平的独立危险因素,HDL-C可能为独立保护因素。     

IGF-1对绵羊皮肤中GHR、IGF-1、IGF-1R、kAP3.2和KAP6-1基因表达的影响

选取36只健康、体况一致的新疆细毛羊随机分成6组。在每只羊的左侧肩胛部皮下局部注射0．5mL（10ng／mL）的IGF-1,右侧肩胛部皮肤为未注射IGF-1的对照组,然后分别于第0、3、6、9、12、50d采集各皮肤样品,用反转录多聚酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法,定量分析绵羊皮肤中生长激素受体（GHR）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子1型受体（IGF-1R）、角蛋白关联蛋白KAP3．2和KAP6-1mRNA的相对丰度。试验结果表明,IGF-1对GHR基因的表达有下调的作用,对IGF-1、IGF-1R基因的表达没有显著的影响,而对KAP3．2、KAP6—1基因的表达具有显著的促进作用。说明IGF-1促进绵羊角蛋白关联蛋白基因的表达可能是通过生长轴以外的其他途径实现的。     

围产窒息儿血清类胰岛素样生长因子－1水平变化及意义

目的 :了解围产窒息存活儿血清类胰岛素样生长因子 - 1(IGF - 1)水平变化规律 ,探讨其与缺氧缺血性脑病的关系。方法 :以围产窒息的足月存活儿为对象 ,根据缺氧缺血性脑病程度分为轻度组和中重度组 ,并以正常足月儿为对照 ,于生后 3d内 (急性期 )和 (14± 3)d(恢复期 )采外周静脉血 ,采取双抗体不平衡的放射免疫分析法进行测定。结果 :围产窒息 (轻、中重度 )存活儿生后 3d内 (急性期 )IGF - 1的含量水平与正常对照组差异无显著性 ,而生后 (14± 3)d(恢复期 )IGF -1明显升高 ,显著高于正常对照组 ,且中重度缺氧缺血性脑病组较轻度组升高更加显著。结论 :IGF- 1在围产期窒息脑损伤修复过程中起重要作用。     

Gene product expression of cyclin D<Subscript>2</Subscript> and p16 during the transition from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy

The current study was to investigate mRNA expression of cyclin D₂ and p16 during the transition from cardiac myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Cultured cardiac myocytes (CM) and fibroblasts (FC) obtained from 1-day-old Sparague-Dawley rats were used in this study. We have determined (1) hyperplasia by cell growth curve and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS); and (2) ultrastructure by electron microscope observation; and (3) expresions of cyclin D₂ mRNA and p16 mRNA by using in situ hybridization and image analysis. The results were shown (1) Results of cell growth curve and FACS analysis showed CM could proliferate in the first 3 cultured days (4 days in postnatal development). But the ability decreased quickly, concomitant with the differentiation. (2) The ultrastructure of CM showed the large amount of myofilaments and mitochondrion and FC showed moderate amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum. (3) The expression of cyclin D₂ mRNA in 3−, 4−, 5−day CM group was 0.89 times (p<0.05), 0.80 times (p<0.05) and 0.56 times (p<0.01) of that in 1-day group respectively. P16 mRNA in 2−, 3−, 4−, 5−day CM group were 1.63 times (p<0.01), 1.72 times (p<0.01), 1.99 times (p<0.01) and 2.84 times (p<0.01) of that in 1−day group respectively. It can be concluded that cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes could proliferate during the first 3 cultured days, but the ability of proliferation decreased, from the fourth day, concomitant with differentiation. Cyclin D₂ and p16 have the key roles during the transition from myocyte hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Biography: Zhang Yu-xia (1974-), female, Master, research direction: cardiovascular pathology.     

IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice

Studies in invertebrates have led to the identification of a number of genes that regulate lifespan, some of which encode components of the insulin or insulin-like signalling pathways. Examples include the related tyrosine kinase receptors InR (Drosophila melanogaster) and DAF-2 (Caenorhabditis elegans) that are homologues of the mammalian insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R). To investigate whether IGF-1R also controls longevity in mammals, we inactivated the IGF-1R gene in mice (Igf1r). Here, using heterozygous knockout mice because null mutants are not viable, we report that Igf1r(+/-) mice live on average 26% longer than their wild-type littermates (P < 0.02). Female Igf1r(+/-) mice live 33% longer than wild-type females (P < 0.001), whereas the equivalent male mice show an increase in lifespan of 16%, which is not statistically significant. Long-lived Igf1r(+/-) mice do not develop dwarfism, their energy metabolism is normal, and their nutrient uptake, physical activity, fertility and reproduction are unaffected. The Igf1r(+/-) mice display greater resistance to oxidative stress, a known determinant of ageing. These results indicate that the IGF-1 receptor may be a central regulator of mammalian lifespan.     

GFPT2基因系统发育与功能生物信息学分析

GFPT2作为己糖胺代谢重要的转录因子,在动物的多种疾病发生发展中起着重要作用。利用生物信息学方法对GFPT2蛋白的组分、功能、正选择位点及其分子进化进行了详细的分析。结果表明:13条不同物种氨基酸序列组分分析显示亮氨酸占比最高为9.86%,含量最低的氨基酸为色氨酸(0.15%),平均长度为664.8。系统进化树和结构域显示人和猴子的亲缘性最近,其次是大鼠、小鼠,所有氨基酸均包含两个SIS保守结构域。混合效应-演化模型(mixed effects model of evolution, MEME)和固定效应(fixed effects likelihood, REL)方法共发现8个正选择位点。基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)功能富集分析发现GFPT2主要参与GFPT酶活性、蛋白结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合方面发挥作用等生物学过程。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes, KEGG)分析显示差异基因主要参与氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,胰岛素抵抗3条信号通路。并且筛选到与GFPT2相互作用的10个基因:GFPT1、GLUL、GNPDA1、GNPNAT1、GPI、HK1、MPI、PPAT、AMDHD2、CAD。研究结果可以为GFPT2分子功能的深层次研究提供一定的借鉴作用,对进一步探究由己糖胺代谢导致的代谢异常及心血管疾病治疗具有重要的现实意义。     

SOCS-2和SOCS-3通过IGF-1和GH信号转导系统作用于成肌细胞的分化

新近发现的细胞因子信号转导抑制因子（SOCS）家族，因其能够通过Janus激酶-信号传导和转录激活子（JAK-STAT）信号传导通路来反馈调节生长因子的信号或者抑制细胞因子的信号转导而倍受研究人员重视。一些研究表明，SOCS-3在促进成肌细胞分化和抑制白介素6（IL-6）导致的细胞炎症过程中具有重要的作用。综合大量关于细胞因子信号转导抑制因子家族的文献报道，文章分析了近几年SOCS-2和SOCS-3与IGF-1和GH信号转导关系的研究，特别是关于SOCS-3在成肌细胞分化过程中的研究，认为可以将SOCS-2和SOCS-3作为细胞内生长信号调节和促进动物肌肉发育的潜在因子进行研究。     

缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生猪血清IGF-1和IGFBP-3的改变以及脑皮质细胞凋亡的研究

研究缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）新生猪血清IGF－1和IGFBP－3的变化趋势和脑皮质细胞凋亡的程度，探讨缺氧缺血性脑损伤的发病机理，将3日龄新生猪随机分为对照组和HIBD组，在HIBD后1，24，48和72h采集静脉血，采用免疫放射法测定IGF－1和IGFBP－3血清水平，应用流式细胞术对新生猪HIBD脑皮质细胞凋亡进行定量分析，HIBD后72h血清IGF－1和IGFBP－3水平明显低于对照组，HIBD后72h血清IGF－1值显著低于HIBD后1，24和48h组，HIBD后72h血清IGFBP－3水平明显低于HIBD后48h组，而脑皮质细胞凋亡百分率在HIBD后72h血清IGFBP－3水平明显低于HIBD后48h组，而被皮质细胞凋亡百分经在HIBD后72h明显高于对照组、HIBD后1，24和48h组，应用Logistic回归分析可知HIBD脑损伤后IGF－1和IGFBP－3与脑细胞凋亡百分率具有非线性相关关系，HIBD后72hIGF-1少IGFBP－3明显下降，这可能与组织对IGF－1的需求增加，IGF－1的重新分布，生长激素轴的中枢性抑制以及神经元的凋亡有关。     

Splicing factor Sub2p is required for nuclear mRNA export through its interaction with Yra1p.

The yeast nuclear protein Yra1p is an essential export factor for mRNA. Yra1p interacts directly with the mRNA transport factor Mex67p/Mtr2p, which is associated with the nuclear pore. Here, we report a genetic interaction between YRA1 and SUB2, the gene for a DEAD box helicase involved in splicing. Mutation of SUB2 as well as its overexpression leads to a defect in mRNA export. Moreover, Yra1p and Sub2p bind directly to each other both in vivo and in vitro. Significantly, Sub2p and Mex67p/Mtr2p bind to the same domains of Yra1p, and the proteins compete for binding to Yra1p. Together, these data indicate that the spliceosomal component Sub2p is also important in mRNA export and may function to recruit Yra1p to the mRNA. Sub2p may then be displaced from Yra1p by the binding of Mex67p/Mtr2p, which participates in the export of mRNA through the nuclear pores.     

DNA damage stress induces the dissociation of Smurf1/2 from MDM2 in a slow manner

The tumor suppressor p53 locates at the key point of cell growth or apoptosis balance, and the expression level of p53 is tightly controlled by ubiquitin ligases including MDM2. Upon DNA damage stresses, p53 was accumulated and activated, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We previously showed that Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1/2 (Smurf1/2) promotes p53 degradation by interacting with and stabilizing MDM2, and consequently enhancing MDM2-mediated ubiquitylation of p53. However, it is unclear how the Smurf1-MDM2 interaction is regulated in response to DNA damage stress. Here, we show that in response to etoposide treatment Smurf1 dissociates from MDM2, resulting in MDM2 destabilization and p53 accumulation. The negative regulation of Smurf1 on apoptosis is released. Notably, this dissociation is a slow process rather than a rapid response, implicating high expression of Smurf1 might confer the resistance against p53 activation. Consistent with this notion, we observed that Smurf1/2 ligases are highly expressed in colon cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer tissues, suggesting the oncogenic tendency of Smurf1/2.     

DNA damage stress induces the dissociation of Smurf1/2 from MDM2 in a slow manner

The tumor suppressor p53 locates at the key point of cell growth or apoptosis balance, and the expression level of p53 is tightly controlled by ubiquitin ligases including MDM2. Upon DNA damage stresses, p53 was accumulated and activated, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We previously showed that Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1/2 (Smurf1/2) promotes p53 degradation by interacting with and stabilizing MDM2, and consequently enhancing MDM2-mediated ubiquitylation of p53. However, it is uncle...