记忆改变测试量表中文版的信效度

目的 初步探讨记忆改变测试量表(M@T)中文版在我国老年人群中应用的信度、效度和可行性.方法 以横断面调查测试的形式测查220名某社区老年人,其中明确诊断为轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者39例、阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者20例,认知正常者161名,用内部一致性、内容效度、标准效度、主成分和因子分析、影响因素等对测试结果进行评价.结果 M@T筛查量表克朗巴赫α系数(Cronbach α)为0.818.各项目得分与总分相关系数为0.5～0.9;MMSE与M@T相关系数为0.933.因子分析提取5个公因子,能解释总方差的69.449%,且各项目在相应因子上有较满意的因子载荷量(≥0.4).不同认知水平组M@T得分[认知正常组(39.0±3.7)分、MCI组(29.0±3.7)分、AD组(16.9±3.7)分]差异有统计学意义(F=498.419,P<0.05).不同性别、年龄、职业、文化程度人群的M@T得分差异无统计学意义.结论 中文版M@T具有较好的信效度和可行性,基本不受性别、年龄、职业、文化程度等因素的影响.

Abstract：

Objectives To study the reliability,validity and feasibility of the Chinese version of memory alteration test(M@T).Methods Cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample was employed to interview 220 elderly people over 60 years old,39 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),20 with Alzheimer's disease(AD),and 161 normal cognitive elderly.The survey was,then evaluated with internal consistency,content validity,criterion validity,principal component/factor analysis and influencing factors.Results A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.818 was obtained in M@T. The correlation coefficients which were the score of the subtest and the total were 0.5-0.9.The correlation coefficient of the scores of the Mini.mental State Examination(MMSE)and the M@T Was 0.933.The 5 factors were extracted with the factor analysis,which could explain the total variance of 69.449%,and the corresponding factors of the proieets have a satisfied amount of factor loading(≥0.4).There were significant diffeFences in the score of M@T among the different cognitive level groups with good discriminant validity(cognitive normal group:39.0±3.7,MCI group:29.0±3.7,AD group:16.9±3.7;F=498.419,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the score of M@T among the different gender,age,occupation and education level groups.Conclusions The Chinese version of M@T has good reliability and validity and feasibility.The score of the M@T is not affected by gender,age,occupation,education level and other factors.     

Japanese version of the Body Attitude Test: its reliability and validity

The Body Attitude Test (BAT) was developed by Probst et al. (1995) for female patients with eating disorders (ED). This test measures the subjective body experience and attitudes toward one's body. The present authors have developed the Japanese version of the BAT and the purpose of the present paper was to investigate its reliability and validity in control (CON, n = 599) and ED patients (n = 46). The ED patients consisted of 21 anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R) patients and 25 bulimia nervosa (BN) patients. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient in CON. Factor analysis was conducted on BAT ratings given by CON. Factor analysis indicated that BAT was composed of two factors. These were body dissatisfaction (factor 1) and lack of familiarity with one's body (factor 2). A comparison was made among AN-R, BN, and CON. Bulimia nervosa had a significantly higher score than the other two groups. The BAT scores of ED patients correlated significantly with the Self -rating Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. These results show that ED patients have negative feelings toward their own body, similar to the findings in the original report. On factor analysis, however, it was not possible to distinguish between negative appreciation of body size and general body dissatisfaction as described in the original report. The authors also examine influences on this difference from a cross-cultural view point.     

分离体验量表中文版信度和效度的初步研究

目的:探讨对住院精神障碍患者分离体验量表第二版(DES-II)中文版评定的信度和效度。方法:404例住院精神障碍患者进行分离体验量表的评定。6周后在初筛病例中随机抽取样本数20%进行量表重测。将DES-II量表初筛评定结果按得分高低随机排序并分组抽样:0～10分第一组抽取样本数的10%;10～20分第二组抽取30%;20～40分第三组抽取50%;40分以上第四组抽取100%。抽取99例样本进行DDIS量表评定,其中完成量表并符合分析要求量表80例,验证DES-II中文版和DDIS分量表的相关效度。结果:DES量表各项目与总分间的相关系数在0.566～0.728之间;DES-II中文版评定量表的Cronbach’s的α系数为0.957;量表奇偶分半系数分别是0.843、0.883。6周后重测量表相关系数为0.617;DES得分分组的一致性Kappa值为0.549。DES量表因子分析结果表明,量表为单一因子的一维量表。对DDIS量表除外躯体性主诉和物质滥用之外所有的13个分量表和DES量表进行关联效度分析,DDIS分量表和DES得分相关系数在0.306～0.720之间,DDIS分量表得分相加的和DES因子分的相关系数为0.994。结论:分离体验量表DES-II中文版信度和效度较好,DES和DDIS各分量表的相关性较高。DES量表可以作为临床筛查的有效工具,具有临床和科研应用价值。     

Yale-Brown强迫量表中文版的信度和效度

目的评价中文版Yale-B rown强迫量表Y-BOCS的信度和效度。方法对110名强迫症患者进行Y-BOCS、HAMD、HAMA的评定。结果Y-BOCS评定者间一致性好,各条目及量表总分的ICC≥0.82;重测信度良好,各条目及量表总分的ICC≥0.75;全量表内部一致性系数(Cronbach's alpha)为0.75。Y-BOCS具有较好的内容效度和结构效度,强迫思维分量表(OS)分与HAMA和HAMD量表分存在相关,OS区分效度欠理想结论Y-BOCS中文版具有可接受的信度和效度,具有临床和科研使用的价值。     

Chinese version of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98: reliability and validity

Background

Delirium is commonly seen in patients in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Assessing delirium severity is important in clinical practice. The Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R-98) has been already established as a valid and reliable tool to achieve this goal. This study was aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the DRS-R-98 (DRS-R-98-C) in Taiwan.

Method

We recruited 4 patient groups with delirium (n = 28), alcohol dependence (n = 9), dementia (n =11), and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (n = 11) and evaluated them with DRS-R-98-C and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) by 2 psychiatrists at a single assessment session.

Results

The results showed that mean DRS-R-98-C total and severity scores in delirious patients were found significantly higher than those in other patient groups. Interrater reliability of the DRS-R-98-C between 2 raters was high, with intraclass correlation coefficient of .98 for severity scale and .99 for total scale. Internal consistency was high with a Cronbach's α coefficient of .85 and .86 for DRS-R-98-C severity and total scales. A significant inverse correlation was found between the DRS-R-98-C and the MMSE score (r = −0.63, P < .001) for either severity or total scale among 28 delirious patients. Area under the curve established by receiver operating characteristic analysis was .93 and .96 for severity and total scales, respectively. Optimal cutoff of total score was 15.5, with sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 96.8%.

Conclusion

The DRS-R-98-C is a valid and reliable measure of delirium severity and can be used clinically to monitor the course of illness when administered serially.     

Construct validity of the Chinese version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale in a Chinese community sample

Objective

This paper aims to evaluate the factorial validity of the Chinese version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale (ChCFS) using a Chinese community sample.

Methods

A total of 201 Chinese adults completed the ChCFS, the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF12), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the fit of a one-factor model, a two-factor correlated model, and a three-factor hierarchical model in both the 14-item and 11-item versions of ChCFS to the current data.

Results

ChCFS successfully replicated the original two-factor structure in the current Chinese community sample, and the 11-item version demonstrated better data-model fit than the 14-item version. The instrument possessed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.863). The convergent validity with HADS and divergent validity with SF12 were also evident.

Conclusions

ChCFS is valid and reliable among Chinese adults in the general population.     

中文版偏头痛患者药物依赖性问卷信度和效度研究

目的评价中文版偏头痛患者药物依赖性问卷的信度和效度。方法选取115例合并药物依赖综合征的偏头痛患者,收集其临床资料并进行中文版偏头痛患者药物依赖性问卷的测试。采用重测信度、内部一致性信度评价分析问卷信度,采用内容效度和结构效度评价分析问卷效度。结果量表的重测信度除条目11和条目16为0.558和0.443以外,其余条目的重测信度均大于0.7。总量表的Cronbach’α系数为0.820,各个维度的Cronbach’α系数均0.7。量表的各条目得分和相应维度总分之间的相关系数在0.595~0.962之间。因子分析共提取7个特征根大于1的因子,可解释总变异的76.3%,在相应项目上均有较强的因子载荷。结论中文版偏头痛患者药物依赖性问卷具有较好的信度和效度,适合临床推广应用。     

Construct validity of the Continuous Recognition Memory test

A principal factor analysis was performed on variables derived from a neuropsychological battery administered to 100 healthy young adults in order to investigate the construct validity of the Continuous Recognition Memory test (CRM). It was hypothesized that CRM "hits" and "false alarms" would load on different factors. The factors that emerged in the analysis were labeled "Verbal Ability", "Divided Attention", "Attention to Visual Detail", "Visuomotor Integration and Planning", and "Learning and Memory". As expected, CRM hits had a significant loading on the Learning and Memory factor. However, CRM false alarms did not have a significant loading on the Divided Attention factor as expected and, instead, loaded significantly on the Attention to Visual Detail factor. A second analysis was performed using variables from the delayed condition of the memory measures. In this analysis, the CRM delayed recognition variable had significant loadings on both a "Nonverbal Memory" factor and a "Verbal Memory" factor. These analyses support the construct validity of CRM hits as a measure of learning and memory and suggest that false alarms provide a measure of attention to visual detail.     

Japanese version of the Test Your Memory as a screening test in a Japanese memory clinic

A self-administered cognitive test (Test Your Memory, TYM) is designed as a screening test for the detection of Alzheimer disease (AD). We compared the diagnostic utility of the Japanese version of the TYM (TYM-J) in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive Subscale Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog). We studied 79 patients with mild AD, 46 with MCI and 34 normal controls. The sensitivity and specificity of each test in the diagnosis of AD and MCI were compared. The average total TYM-J scores were 45.7 in controls, 41.7 in MCI, and 35.7 in AD. The TYM-J scores showed good correlations with other neuropsychological tests. The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the TYM-J could better discriminate AD from controls and MCI from controls than the other tests. With each optimal cut-off score of the TYM-J, the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 91% for diagnosing AD, and 76% and 74% for diagnosing MCI, respectively. The TYM-J is useful for the diagnosis of AD and MCI, and can be applied as a screening test in a Japanese memory clinic.     

国际人格障碍检查表在中国的初步应用

目的评定国际人格障碍检查表（ＩＰＤＥ）中文本的信度和效度。方法将世界卫生组织提供的ＩＰＤＥ译为中文本，并对５４例人格障碍患者及３２名正常人进行临床测试。结果ＩＰＤＥ有较好的一致性，评定者间评定的一致性中位数Ｋａｐｐａ值为０．８４；前后评定的一致性中位数Ｋａｐｐａ值为０．８３，与临床诊断的符合率为９０．６％。结论ＩＰＤＥ有较好的可靠性     

Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview: Development,reliability and validity of the Chinese version

Aims: To develop a specific scale used in measuring caregiver burden in China, and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: Participants from the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and the Hospital of Tiefa Coal Industry Group completed the Chinese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. Results: A total of 523 caregivers were included. The internal consistency of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was high (Cronbach's α 0.875). The item–total correlations were all statistically significant (P < 0.01). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factors of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview in this study, and the goodness‐of‐fit indices reported for this 5‐factor model all fell within the acceptable range. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview is reliable and valid for use. This study has important implications for burden measurement in Chinese caregivers.     

个人和社会功能量表在抑郁症中的适用性研究

目的 检测个人和社会功能量表(Personal and Social Performance scale,PSP)在抑郁症患者中的信度和效度,了解PSP在抑郁症中的适用性.方法 在全国6个精神卫生中心收集84例门诊抑郁症患者.所有的病例进行PSP、Montgomery- Asberg抑郁量表(Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale,MADRS)、大体社会功能量表(Global Assessment of Functioning Scale,GAF)评定,分析PSP在抑郁症患者中的内部一致性、与GAF的一致性以及与MADRS的相关性.另外,6例抑郁症病例在首次评定后的1周进行再次评定用以PSP重测一致性的检验.结果 PSP的内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.760,PSP总分与GAF评分具有良好的正相关(r=0.906,P＜0.01),与MADRS总分呈负相关,具有统计学意义(r=-0.652,P＜0.01),重测一致性的kappa值为0.945(n=6,P=0.01).结论 PSP是一个操作简单、稳定性高的评估工具,可用于抑郁症患者社会功能的评估.量表中d维度(冲动和攻击行为)对整个量表的权重大,在抑郁症患者中与总分相关性欠佳.     

Visual-Spatial Memory and Recall Test (V-SMART): validity and reliability*

Abstract

Objective: Nonverbal memory decline is a concern associated with aging. Visuospatial memory tests often do not distinguish between learning, recall, or retrieval, yet such distinctions may help clarify the nature of memory difficulties. Further, many visuospatial tests rely on abilities not directly related to memory (e.g. graphomotor skill). The present study examined the feasibility and initial psychometric evidence of the Visual-Spatial Memory and Recall Test (V-SMART). Method: Ninety-nine adults (71% women) were recruited from two sources: undergraduate students (n = 37) and healthy older adults (n = 62). Volunteers completed a brief battery of cognitive tests. Results: Internal consistency and interrater reliability were strong. Principal Components Analysis supported the hypothesized learning and recall structure, and correlations with other memory tests supported external validity of the V-SMART as a visuospatial learning measure. Correlations with recall scores were less compelling yet likely reflected the intact recall among this generally healthy sample. Conclusions: These preliminary findings support the V-SMART as a visuospatial memory test. Evidence for validity was acceptable for learning indices; further examination of recall measures is needed.     

A study of the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Dementia Rating Scale

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to develop and validate a Chinese version of the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) for use with Chinese populations in psychogeriatric settings. METHODS: The DRS was translated into Chinese and its content validity was evaluated by an 11-member expert panel. To assess reliability and concurrent validity, 52 subjects with dementia were recruited from medical and psychogeriatric settings using purposive sampling. RESULTS: With percentage of agreement as an indicator, 28 out of 36 items (78%) had satisfactory content validity. Items with a percentage of agreement below 70% were reviewed and modified, based on the comments of the experts. The CDRS had excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at 0.94 and 0.93 respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.75 and 0.89 for the subscales. The internal consistency of the CDRS subscale, as measured by Cronbach's a, ranged from 0.57 to 0.82. The CDRS had high correlations with the Chinese Mini-mental State Examination (r = 0.80 for total score, r = 0.58 to 0.84 for subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The CDRS is a valid instrument for the assessment of dementia in Chinese-speaking subjects.     

中文版统一肝豆状核变性评分量表的信度和效度的研究

目的 研究中文版统一肝豆状核变性评分量表(UWDRS)的信度和效度.方法 采用翻译和回译将UWDRS翻译为中文版本.应用中文版UWDRS评价110例肝豆状核变性(HLD)患者,评价其信度和效度.结果 中文版UWDRS量表总分为31.27(20.656,0～89),神经功能得分为17.53(15.867,0～64),肝脏功能得分为6.46(6.150,0～ 36),精神症状得分为7.27 (6.045,0～ 26).量表整体Cronbach α系数为0.967,神经功能为0.975、肝脏功能为0.493、精神症状为0.798.总量表Spearman-Brown系数为0.811,神经功能为0.941,肝脏功能为0.392,精神症状为0.775.总量表2次测定的重测相关系数为0.968,神经功能为0.970、肝脏功能为0.628、精神症状得分为0.823(均P＜0.001);总量表的两位评定者间相关系数为0.920,神经功能为0.927,肝脏功能为0.584,精神症状得分为0.676(均P＜0.001).结构效度没有只出现3个明确的因子,但有6个因子解释了总变异的50.685％.总量表的平均量表水平内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)值为0.99.结论 中文版UWDRS具有良好的信度和效度,但部分内容尚需进一步修订.     

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): reliability and validity of the Greek version

Background  

Problems associated with alcohol abuse are recognised by the World Health Organization as a major health issue, which according to most recent estimations is responsible for 1.4% of the total world burden of morbidity and has been proven to increase mortality risk by 50%. Because of the size and severity of the problem, early detection is very important. This requires easy to use and specific tools. One of these is the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).     

Chinese version of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (C-APQ): assessment of reliability and validity

Objectives: To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (C-APQ).

Method:Participants aged 65 years and over were recruited from February 2012 to November 2012. The Aging Perceptions Questionnaire was translated into Chinese version professionally. Content validity was examined by a panel of seven experts; item reliabilities were assessed by test–retest; internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient; half of the sample (N = 379) was selected to explore factorial structure of the C-APQ by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and another half of the sample (N = 379) was selected to confirm the findings from the EFA by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Statistical package SPSS version 18.0 and Amos 17.0 were used for the analysis.

Results: The Cronbach's α coefficient of the C-APQ was 0.884. The test–retest reliability was satisfactory, with all intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.4. The overall content validity index was greater than 0.99. Seven factors (timeline acute/chronic, timeline cyclical, emotional representations, control positive, control negative, consequences positive and consequences negative) were identified in EFA and confirmed in CFA.

Conclusion: The C-APQ could be a reliable and a valid measure of the self-perceptions of aging in the elderly in China, which may help to improve the life quality and extend longevity of the elderly.     

Construct validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces test

Assessed the validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces (MHF) subtest employing a clinical sample. Factor analysis with marker variables was employed to establish the nature of the extracted factors. The MHF subtest, WAIS-R Verbal (i.e., Information, Vocabulary, and Digit Span) and Performance (i.e., Block Design and Object Assembly) subtests, the Wechsler Memory Scale Mental Control, Paired Associate Learning, 30-min Logical Memory, and 30-min Visual Reproduction, and Benton's Facial Recognition Test were subjected to a maximum likelihood factoring procedure with Varimax rotation. Four factors were extracted which accounted for 72.7% of the variance. Factor I was perceptual-organization, Factor II was verbal comprehension, Factor III was general memory, and Factor IV was attention-concentration. The MHF subtest achieved a substantial loading (i.e., 0.56) on the general memory factor along with Logical Memory (0.54), Visual Reproduction (0.51), and Paired Associate Learning (0.71). Clinical applications of the MHF were discussed.     

Construct validity of the abbreviated mental test in older medical inpatients

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate validity and internal structure of the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), and to assess the dependence of the internal structure upon the characteristics of the patients examined. DESIGN: Cross-sectional examination using data from the Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly (GIFA) database. SETTING: Twenty-four acute care wards of Geriatrics or General Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand eight hundred and eight patients consecutively admitted over a 4-month period. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic characteristics, functional status, medical conditions and performance on AMT were collected at discharge. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the AMT <7 versus a diagnosis of dementia made according to DSM-III-R criteria were computed. The internal structure of AMT was assessed by principal component analysis. The analysis was performed on the whole population and stratified for age (<65, 65-80 and >80 years), gender, education (<6 or >5 years) and presence of congestive heart failure (CHF). RESULTS: AMT achieved high sensitivity (81%), specificity (84%) and negative predictive value (99%), but a low positive predictive value of 25%. The principal component analysis isolated two components: the former component represents the orientation to time and space and explains 45% of AMT variance; the latter is linked to memory and attention and explains 13% of variance. Comparable results were obtained after stratification by age, gender or education. In patients with CHF, only 48.3% of the cumulative variance was explained; the factor accounting for most (34.6%) of the variance explained was mainly related to the three items assessing memory. CONCLUSION: AMT >6 rules out dementia very reliably, whereas AMT <7 requires a second level cognitive assessment to confirm dementia. AMT is bidimensional and maintains the same internal structure across classes defined by selected social and demographic characteristics, but not in CHF patients. It is likely that its internal structure depends on the type of patients. The use of a sum-score could conceal some part of the information provided by the AMT.     

Construct Validity of the Continuous Recognition Memory Test

A principal factor analysis was performed on variables derived from a neuropsychological battery administered to 100 healthy young adults in order to investigate the construct validity of the Continuous Recognition Memory test (CRM). It was hypothesized that CRM “hits” and “false alarms” would load on different factors. The factors that emerged in the analysis were labeled “Verbal Ability”, “Divided Attention”, “Attention to Visual Detail”, “Visuomotor Integration and Planning”, and “Learning and Memory”. As expected, CRM hits had a significant loading on the Learning and Memory factor. However, CRM false alarms did not have a significant loading on the Divided Attention factor as expected and, instead, loaded significantly on the Attention to Visual Detail factor. A second analysis was performed using variables from the delayed condition of the memory measures. In this analysis, the CRM delayed recognition variable had significant loadings on both a “Nonverbal Memory” factor and a “Verbal Memory” factor. These analyses support the construct validity of CRM hits as a measure of learning and memory and suggest that false alarms provide a measure of attention to visual detail.