OFDM/OQAM系统中联合迭代信道估计和信号检测

与基于复数域空间正交条件的传统正交频分复用系统(OFDM with Cyclic Prefix, CP-OFDM)有所不同,基于交错正交调制的正交频分复用系统(OFDM/Offset QAM, OFDM/OQAM)满足实数域空间严格正交条件。因此在多径衰落信道条件下,CP-OFDM系统中的信道估计方法会导致OFDM/OQAM系统严重的字符间干扰和载波间干扰。该文结合OFDM/OQAM系统结构特点,提出了一种基于迭代信道估计和信号检测算法。该算法通过信道估计器和接收到的信号互相交换信息,消除导频序列中的字符间干扰和载波间干扰,提高信道估计和信号检测的准确度。仿真分析结果表明,经过一定次数迭代处理后,OFDM/OQAM迭代信道估计性能趋近于理想信道估计性能。     

OFDM系统中一种新的联合信道估计和信号检测算法

提出一种新的基于迭代的联合信道估计和信号检测算法,利用ZF(迫零)算法检测出的信号进行下一个OFDM(正交频分复用)符号的信道估计,充分利用了信道估计值和检测符号之间的互信息量,有效地消除了符号间干扰和载波间干扰,提高了信道估计和符号检测的精确度。仿真结果表明,在不同的信道条件下,该算法的性能比传统信号检测方法有明显的提升。     

OQAM/OFDM信号二阶循环平稳性分析

OQAM/OFDM是一种基于正交滤波器组的多载波调制信号,其特殊的生成机制决定了循环谱结构的复杂性。该文从OQAM/OFDM系统的连续时间基带模型出发,证明了OQAM信号具有的二阶循环平稳性,推导了谱相关函数表达式,并分析了OQAM信号的各种谱相关特征,以及多径衰落信道对其的影响。仿真实验表明了理论分析的正确性。     

多径瑞利衰落信道条件下射频干扰抵消误差对CCFD系统中OFDM性能的影响

针对同时同频全双工无线通信系统,考虑远端到近端的无线信道为多径瑞利衰落信道,近端发射天线到接收天线的自干扰信道为加性白高斯噪声信道,分析了同时同频全双工传输场景中,自干扰射频抵消幅度及载波相位误差对OFDM误码率的影响。结果表明,在相同信干比和信噪比条件下,幅度和载波相位估计误差的绝对值越小,误码率越低;针对载波频率2.3 GHz, OFDM子载波个数4096,子载波间隔15 kHz的同时同频全双工传输方式,在信干比为-70 dB,误码率为10-2时,若期望信噪比损失小于0.8 dB,则需要射频干扰抵消的载波相位估计误差的绝对值小于610-6,幅度估计相对误差的绝对值小于310-5;若期望获得40 dB的射频自干扰抑制效果,则射频干扰抵消的载波相位估计误差的绝对值小于0.5,幅度估计相对误差绝对值小于1%。     

基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统

在多径衰落信道下,本文提出了一种基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统(Neural Network Equalizers Wavelet Packet Spread Spectrum,NNE-WPSS).本文利朋基于最小均方算法(Least Mean Square algorithm,LMS)的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(Complex Radial Basis Function Network Equalizers,CRBF)来抑制由多径衰落信道引起的码间干扰(Inter-Symbol Interference,ISI)并且利用最大似然算法对解调后的码元进行检测.在多径衰落信道和白高斯噪声情况下,本文分析了基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的传输性能.仿真结果表明,本文所提出的基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的性能要优于传统的基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)多载波扩频系统;本文提出的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(CRBF)的性能也优于迫零均衡器(Zero-Forcing Equalizer,ZFE).     

一种适用于快衰落信道的ICI抑制方案

针对高速移动环境下多普勒频偏造成信道的快衰落和正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中子载波间干扰(ICI)的问题,提出了一种适合快衰落环境的OFDM系统子载波间干扰抑制算法。此算法用线性变化模型来近似一个OFDM符号周期内的信道冲激响应,并以此为基础采用迭代MMSE均衡方法抑制载波间干扰。分析和仿真结果表明,此方法能有效地保证载波间的正交性,从而改善了OFDM系统的误码率(BER)性能。     

移动通信中干扰消除技术研究

研究了OFDM中当CP长度小于信道冲激响应长度时,OFDM通信系统的子载波间的正交性遭到破坏,接收信号存在ISI和ICI,频域单抽头均衡器不再适用。针对频率选择性衰落信道下的OFDM系统中的ISI干扰问题,本文研究了一种基于递归最小二乘的OFDM系统自适应均衡算法,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

OFDM系统在保护前缀不足时的频域均衡

当正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统的循环保护前缀(CP)长度小于信道冲激响应长度时,常采用时域均衡方法消除符号间干扰(ISI)和子载波间干扰(ICI)。但时域均衡器结构复杂,且收敛速度较慢。为此,利用OFDM系统的零子载波信息,设计了一种频域均衡器。该均衡器具有稀疏矩阵结构,因此计算量小。理论分析和计算机仿真表明:它能有效消除由于循环前缀不足引起的符号间干扰和子载波间干扰,从而较好地恢复传输信号。     

电力线OFDM/OQAM通信系统信道相位预处理均衡算法

针对电力线通信（PLC）正交频分复用（OFDM）系统存在频率掩码和频谱资源利用率低等问题,提出将正交频分复用/偏移正交幅度调制（OFDM/OQAM）技术应用到PLC系统中。该技术通过选用频率选择性较好的滤波器来抑制带外干扰,且不需要循环前缀,但是OFDM/OQAM系统在PLC频域复数信道下会产生严重的自干扰,传统的均衡算法并不能有效地消除OFDM/OQAM系统的固有干扰。针对这种情况提出了一种基于信道相位预处理的均衡算法。该算法的思想是让接收信号乘以一个信道相位调整因子,使等效信道的虚部尽量小,以此来减小接收信号中的干扰分量。仿真结果表明,与传统的均衡算法相比,所提算法在误比特率为1.0×10－6时可以获得0.5dB的性能提升。     

OFDM/OQAM技术在时频弥散信道中的应用

正交频分复用/交错正交幅度调制(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing/Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,OFDM/OQAM)与传统OFDM相比,OFDM/OQAM通过引入具有优良时频聚焦特性的脉冲成形滤波器,使其可同时具备抗符号间干扰和子载波间干扰的能力,且带外辐射较低,有很好的技术前景。介绍了OFDM/OQAM系统的基本原理及其局限性,并进一步分析了因其固有干扰对关键技术产生的影响,以及在时频弥散信道中的应用前景。     

OFDM系统中基于线性预编码技术的均衡方法

在快速移动环境中,子载波间干扰(ICI)是恶化OFDM系统性能的重要因素。为抑制OFDM系统中的ICI,采用了一种基于线性预编码技术的迫零均衡方法,并对其在无冗余情形下的误码率(BER)性能进行了理论分析,推导出了BER最优的线性预编码矩阵的选取准则。仿真结果表明,在较高信噪比条件下,所用的方法能有效抑制ICI和显著改善OFDM系统的误码率性能。     

An equalization technique for orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing systems in time-variant multipath channels

A loss of subchannel orthogonality due to time-variant multipath channels in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems leads to interchannel interference (ICI) which increases the error floor in proportion to the Doppler frequency. A simple frequency-domain equalization technique which can compensate for the effect of ICI in a multipath fading channel is proposed. In this technique, the equalization of the received OFDM signal is achieved by using the assumption that the channel impulse response (CIR) varies in a linear fashion during a block period and by compensating for the ICI terms that significantly affect the bit-error rate (BER) performance     

一种IR-UWB系统FS-DFME均衡接收机

该文针对在密集多径室内环境中超宽带(UWB)信道的延迟扩展时间长,脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)系统在高速数据传输时码间干扰(ISI)严重致使误码率(BER)增加以至于系统无法工作的问题,基于ISI的成因,提出了一种分数间隔判决反馈居中均衡(FS-DFME)均衡接收机,该均衡接收机能够联合实现匹配滤波和信道均衡,从而能够有效地收集多径信号能量和抑制ISI影响。研究结果表明均衡接收机的观察窗口长度是影响ISI消除效果的重要参数;与线性均衡(LE)和分数间隔判决反馈非居中均衡(FS-DFNME)均衡接收机相比,FS-DFME均衡接收机能够更加有效地消除ISI,提高系统的BER性能。     

短波宽带波形迭代均衡技术

短波宽带波形是现代短波通信的最新研究成果,短波信道时变多径传播效应会产生严重的码间干扰(ISI),必须采用均衡技术消除ISI。迭代均衡技术(Turbo均衡)将信号检测技术和译码技术结合起来,比传统判决反馈均衡(DFE)技术具有更强抗ISI能力。研究了短波宽带波形Turbo均衡技术,提出了一种低复杂度的迭代检测方法用于短波宽带波形,仿真结果表明,在短波差信道条件下,Turbo均衡比DFE均衡的性能增益超过1.5 dB。     

Kalman filter‐based channel estimation and ICI suppression for high‐mobility OFDM systems

The use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in frequency‐selective fading environments has been well explored. However, OFDM is more prone to time‐selective fading compared with single‐carrier systems. Rapid time variations destroy the subcarrier orthogonality and introduce inter‐carrier interference (ICI). Besides this, obtaining reliable channel estimates for receiver equalization is a non‐trivial task in rapidly fading systems. Our work addresses the problem of channel estimation and ICI suppression by viewing the system as a state‐space model. The Kalman filter is employed to estimate the channel; this is followed by a time‐domain ICI mitigation filter that maximizes the signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver. This method is seen to provide good estimation performance apart from significant SINR gain with low training overhead. Suitable bounds on the performance of the system are described; bit error rate (BER) performance over a time‐invariant Rayleigh fading channel serves as the lower bound, whereas BER performance over a doubly selective system with ICI as the dominant impairment provides the upper bound. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种针对双衰落信道OFDM的新均衡算法

在OFDM系统中，子载波间的正交性是保证OFDM性能的重要保障。针对双选择性衰落信道下的OFDM系统，该文在分析载波间干扰（ICI）的基础上，提出了一种采用频域迭代消除ICI的均衡算法。分析和仿真结果表明此方法能有效地保证载波间的正交性和改善了OFDM系统的误码率（BER）性能。     

Iterative decision‐directed estimation and compensation of nonlinear distortion effects for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted for several wireless network standards due to its robustness against multipath fading. Main drawback of OFDM is its high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) that causes a signal degradation in a peak‐limiting (e.g., clipping) channel leading to a higher bit error rate (BER). At the receiver end, the effect of peak limitation can be removed to some extent to improve the system performance. In this paper, a joint iterative channel estimation/equalization and clipping noise reduction technique based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is presented. The equalization weight that minimizes the mean square error (MSE) between the signal after channel equalization and feedback signal after clipping noise reduction is derived assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI). The MSE performance of the proposed technique is theoretically evaluated. It is shown that the BER performance of OFDM with proposed technique can be significantly improved in a peak‐limited and doubly‐selective (i.e., time‐ and frequency‐selective) fading channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low Complexity Iterative ICI Cancellation and Equalization for OFDM Systems Over Doubly Selective Channels

In this paper, a low complexity iterative intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation and equalization technique is proposed for use in OFDM systems over doubly selective channels. In the iterative parallel interference cancellation/minimum mean square error (PIC/MMSE) detector has a high complexity and a restriction on the structure which can not remove the ICI in the initial stage. Therefore, an error propagation occurs due to the ICI regenerated by the incorrect output of soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder. In order to reduce the error propagation, an MMSE detector based on the successive interference cancellation (SIC) is used in the initial stage. The low complexity MMSE detector is also derived to minimize the error propagation by quantifying the decision error before SISO decoding. In the first iteration, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional PIC/MMSE scheme by about 3 dB at bit error rate $({rm BER})=1times 10^{-3}$ while maintaining the equivalent computational complexity. In the subsequent iteration, it is possible to cancel the ICI out in the received signals by the aid of soft log-likelihood ratio (LLR) fed from the SISO decoder. Converting the LLR to the decision error probability, the error covariance matrix is obtained more accurately. As a result, the error propagation can be effectively reduced by dealing with only the dominant components, when considering decision errors. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional PIC/MMSE scheme.      

基于输出多普勒扩展函数的OFDM载波间干扰分析

正交频分复用(OFDM)应用在移动通信系统中时,信道多普勒效应造成的载波间干扰(ICI)是引起性能下降的重要原因.本文分析了信道多普勒效应引起OFDM ICI的机制.基于输出多普勒扩展函数输入输出关系,给出一种接收信号结构的三维图形表示,并提出一种的计算连续多径信道中OFDM任意子载波上ICI的简单方法.